Scenic design (also known as stage design, set design or production design) is the creation of theatrical, as well as film or television scenery. Theatrical scenery is that which is used as a setting for a Theatrical production Scenic designers have traditionally come from a variety of artistic backgrounds, but nowadays, generally speaking, they are trained professionals, often with M.F.A. degrees in theatre arts. In the United States, a Master of Fine Arts ( MFA) is a Graduate degree typically requiring two to three years of study beyond the Bachelor's degree
The 'stage picture' is the 'look' or physical appearance of the stage for a play, whether in rehearsal or performance. A performance, in Performing arts, generally comprises an event in which one group of people (the performer or performers behave in a particular way for another group of people It reflects the way that the stage is composed artistically in regard to props, actors, shapes and colours. In Theatre, the stage (sometimes referred to as the deck in Stagecraft) is a designated space for the Performance of theatrical productions In the Visual arts — in particular Painting, Graphic design, Photography and Sculpture — composition is the placement or arrangement A theatrical property, commonly referred to as a prop, is any object held or used on stage by an Actor for use in furthering the plot or story line of a Theatrical An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works The stage picture should express good principles of design and use of space. Design is used both as a Noun and a Verb. The term is often tied to the various Applied arts and Engineering (See design disciplines It should be visually appealing for the audience or should express the show's concept. Brooklyn Book Festival crowd by David Shankbonejpg|thumb|An audience at the Brooklyn Book Festival in New York City. The stage picture is also crucial for the creation of atmosphere for the audience.
The scenic designer is responsible for collaborating with the theatre director and other members of the production design team to create an environment for the production and then communicating the details of this environment to the technical director, production manager, charge scenic artist and propmaster. A theatre director or stage director is a practitioner in the Theatre field who oversees and orchestrates the mounting of a theatre production (a play, The Technical Director ( TD) or Technical Producer ( TP) is usually the most senior technical person within a Software Company, Theatrical Theatrical production management is a sub-division of Stagecraft. A charge artist (or charge scenic artist) leads and oversees the painting of stage film or television scenery The property master is an Artistic and organizational employee in a Film, Television or Theatrical production who is responsible for purchasing Scenic designers are responsible for creating scale models of the scenery, renderings, paint elevations and scale construction drawings as part of their communication with other production staff. A scale model is a representation or copy of an object that is larger or smaller than the actual size of the object. Rendering in Visual art and Technical drawing means the process of creating shading and texturing of an image especially a Photorealistic one
In Europe and Australia scenic designers take a more holistic approach to theatrical design and will often be responsible not only for scenic design but costume, lighting and sound and are referred to as theatre designers or scenographers or production designers.
Like their American cousins, European theatre designers and scenographers are generally trained with Bachelor of Arts degrees in theatre design, scenography or performance design. Scenography is the practice of making Theatre including sets costumes and texts from a theoretical and practical point of view
Notable scenic designers, past and present, include: Adolphe Appia, Boris Aronson, Howard Bay, Edward Gordon Craig, Luciano Damiani, Ezio Frigerio, Barry Kay, Seán Kenny, Ralph Koltai, Ming Cho Lee, Santo Loquasto, Jo Mielziner, Oliver Smith, Franco Colavecchia, Jean-Pierre Ponelle, Josef Svoboda, George Tsypin, Robert Wilson, Franco Zeffirelli, Natalia Goncharova, Vadim Meller, Aleksandra Ekster, Nathan Altman, David Borovsky, Daniil Lider, Inigo Jones, Alexandre Benois and Léon Bakst. Appia redirects here For the Genus of Grass skipper Butterflies, see Appia (butterfly. Boris Aronson ( October 15, 1898 &ndash November 16, 1980) was an influential American Scenic designer for Broadway and Edward Gordon Craig ( 16 January 1872 – 29 July 1966) sometimes known as Gordon Craig was a English modernist Theatre Luciano Damiani (1923-2007 was an Italian stage and costume designer who worked both for theatre and opera productions Ezio Frigerio (b Erba, Milan, 1930 is an Italian Costume designer and Art director. Barry Kay (born Melbourne 1932 &ndash died London 1985 who studied arts at the Académie Julian in Paris, was a stage and Costume Ming Cho Lee (born 1930 Shanghai, China) is a Chinese-born American theatrical Set designer and a longtime professor at the Yale School of Drama Santo Loquasto (b 26 July 1944, Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania) is an American production designer Scenic designer and Costume designer Jo Mielziner (1901-1976 was an American theatrical scenic, costume, and lighting designer born in Paris France. Oliver Smith ( February 13 1918 - January 23 1994) was one of the most distinguished and prolific Tony Award -winning Scenic designers Josef Svoboda (May 10 1920- April 8 2002 was a native of Czechoslovakia, began his training as an architect at the Central School of Housing in Prague George Tsypin is an American (born 31 December 1954 in Kazakhstan) Sculptor, Architect and Stage designer ( Opera Robert Wilson (born 4 October 1941) is an American Avant-garde Stage director and Playwright who has been called "'s Franco Zeffirelli, KBE (born Gianfranco Corsi on February 12, 1923) is an Italian Film director. Natalia Sergeevna Goncharova (Наталья Сергеевна Гончарова June 4, 1881 - October 17, 1962) was a Russian Vadym Meller or Vadim Meller, ( Russian: Вадим Георгиевич Меллер, 1884–1962 was a Ukrainian - Russian Soviet Alexandra Ekster or Exter ( Александра Александровна Экстер January 6, 1882 - March 17, 1949) was a Nathan Isaevich Altman ( Russian ru Натан Исаевич Альтман – December 12, 1970) was a Russian avant-garde Artist Iñigo Jones ( July 15, 1573 &ndash June 21, 1652) is regarded as the first significant British architect, and the first to bring Alexandre Nikolayevich Benois (Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Бенуа́ ( St Léon Samoilovitch Bakst ( May 10, 1866 - December 28, 1924) was a Russian painter and scene- and Costume designer
See also
External links
- Scenography - The Theatre Design Website Theatre Design / Scenography
- Society of British Theatre Designers Theatre Design
- What is Scenography Article illustrating the differences between US and European theatre design practices
- Stagelink Production and Set Designer Directory
- Josef Svoboda Article on www. Scenography is the practice of making Theatre including sets costumes and texts from a theoretical and practical point of view Set construction is a process by which a set designer works in collaboration with the director of the production to create the set for a theatrical film or television scenography. co. uk
- Theatre Set and Costume Design Archive at the University of Bristol Theatre Collection, University of Bristol
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