Citizendia

Part of a series of articles on
Nanotechnology

History
Implications
Applications
Organizations
In fiction and popular culture
List of topics

Subfields and related fields

Nanomaterials
Fullerenes
Carbon nanotubes
Nanoparticles

Nanomedicine
Nanotoxicology
Nanosensor

Molecular self-assembly
Self-assembled monolayer
Supramolecular assembly
DNA nanotechnology

Nanoelectronics
Molecular electronics
Nanocircuitry
Nanolithography

Scanning probe microscopy
Atomic force microscope
Scanning tunneling microscope

Molecular nanotechnology
Molecular assembler
Nanorobotics
Mechanosynthesis

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Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. Nanotechnology, sometimes shortened to nanotech, refers to a field of Applied science whose theme is the control of matter on an Atomic and Molecular Although Nanotechnology is a relatively recent development in scientific research the development of its central concepts happened over a longer period of time The implications of Nanotechnology run the gamut of human affairs from the medical, Ethical, Mental, legal and environmental to fields With nanotechnology a large set of materials and improved products rely on a change in the physical properties when the feature sizes are shrunk This is a list of organizations involved in Nanotechnology. Government EU Seventh Framework Programme and Action Plan for Nanosciences Nanotechnology and its use in fiction has attracted scholarly attention For a gentler introduction to nanotechnology see List of basic nanotechnology topics This is a hierarchical list of (all topics related to Nanotechnology Nanomaterials are application with morphological features smaller than a one tenth of a micrometre in at least one dimension "C60" and "C-60" redirect here For other uses see C60 (disambiguation. See also Graphene, Buckypaper Carbon nanotubes (CNTs are Allotropes of carbon with a nanostructure that can have a length-to-diameter In Nanotechnology, a particle is defined as a small object that behaves as a whole unit in terms of its transport and properties Nanomedicine is the medical application of Nanotechnology. The approaches to nanomedicine range from the medical use of Nanomaterials, to nanoelectronic Nanotoxicology is the study of the Toxicity of nanomaterials. Nanosensors are any biological chemical or sugery sensory points used to convey information about Nanoparticles to the Macroscopic world Molecular self-assembly is the process by which Molecules adopt a defined arrangement without guidance or management from an outside source Self assembled monolayers ( SAM s are surfaces consisting of a single layer of Molecules on a substrate. A supramolecular assembly or "supermolecule" is a well defined complex of molecules held together by noncovalent bonds. DNA nanotechnology is a subfield of Nanotechnology which seeks to use the unique Molecular recognition properties of DNA and other Nucleic acids Nanoelectronics refer to the use of Nanotechnology on electronic components especially Transistors. For quantum mechanical study of the Electron distribution in a molecule see Stereoelectronics. Nanocircuits are electrical circuits on the scale of nanometers Nanolithography — or Photolithography at the Nanometer scale — refers to the fabrication of nanometer-scale structures, meaning patterns with at The atomic force microscope (AFM or scanning force microscope (SFM is a very high-resolution type of scanning probe microscope, with demonstrated resolution of fractions Scanning tunneling microscope (STM is a powerful technique for viewing surfaces at the atomic level Molecular nanotechnology (MNT is the concept of engineering functional mechanical systems at the molecular scale A molecular assembler as defined by K Eric Drexler is a "proposed device able to guide chemical reactions by positioning reactive molecules with atomic precision Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or Robots at or close to the microscopic scale of a Nanometres (10-9 Metres. Mechanosynthesis in Chemistry is any Chemical synthesis that takes place by mechanical forces alone Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view samples or objects An image of the surface is obtained by mechanically moving the probe in a raster scan of the specimen, line by line, and recording the probe-surface interaction as a function of position. A Raster scan, or raster scanning, is the pattern of image detection and reconstruction in television and is the pattern of image storage and transmission used in most computer SPM was founded with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981. Scanning tunneling microscope (STM is a powerful technique for viewing surfaces at the atomic level

Many scanning probe microscopes can image several interactions simultaneously. The manner of using these interactions to obtain an image is generally called a mode.

The resolution varies somewhat from technique to technique, but some probe techniques reach a rather impressive atomic resolution. They owe this largely to the ability of piezoelectric actuators to execute motions with a precision and accuracy at the atomic level or better on electronic command. Piezoelectricity is the ability of some materials (notably Crystals and certain Ceramics including bone to generate an Electric potential in response to One could rightly call this family of technique 'piezoelectric techniques'. The other common denominator is that the data are typically obtained as a two-dimensional grid of data points, visualized in false color as a computer image.

Contents

Established types of scanning probe microscopy

Advantages of scanning probe microscopy

Disadvantages of scanning probe microscopy

Atomic Force Microscope Manufacturers

Programs

References

External links

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