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Scallop

Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Mollusca
Class:Bivalvia
Order:Ostreoida
Suborder:Pectinina
Superfamily:Pectinoidea
Family:Pectinidae
Rafinesque, 1815
Genera

See text. Molluscs are animals belonging to the phylum Mollusca. There are around 250000 extant Species within the phylum with an estimated 70000 Bivalves are Molluscs belonging to the class Bivalvia. They have two-part shells and typically both valves are symmetrical along the hinge line The order Ostreoida includes the True oysters and a number of other related families of Bivalves About eleven families are recognised Pectinina is a Suborder in the Bivalve order Ostreoida containing the superfamilies Pectinoidea and Anomioidea Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century

A scallop (pronounced /ˈskɒləp/ or /ˈskæləp/) is a marine bivalve mollusk of the family Pectinidae. Marine is an Umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the Sea or Ocean, such as Marine biology, Marine Bivalves are Molluscs belonging to the class Bivalvia. They have two-part shells and typically both valves are symmetrical along the hinge line Molluscs are animals belonging to the phylum Mollusca. There are around 250000 extant Species within the phylum with an estimated 70000 In Biological classification, family ( Latin Scallops constitute a cosmopolitan family, found in all of the world's oceans. Many scallops are highly prized as a food source. Some scallops are valued for their brightly colored shells.

Like the true oysters (family Ostreidae), scallops have a central adductor muscle, and thus the inside of their shells has a characteristic central scar, marking the point of attachment for this muscle. The members of the family Ostreidae are the true oysters, and include all the Species that are commonly eaten under the title " Oyster Adduction is a movement which brings a limb — Arm or Leg — closer to the sagittal plane of the body The adductor muscle of scallops is larger and more developed than that of oysters, because they are active swimmers; scallops are in fact the only migratory bivalve. The common name oyster is used for a number of different groups of Bivalve Mollusks most of which live in marine habitats or Brackish water. Their shell shape tends to be highly regular, recalling one archetypal form of a seashell, and because of this pleasing geometric shape, the scallop shell is a common decorative motif. An archetype ( pronounced: /ˈɑːkɪtaɪp/ (Brit or /ˈɑrkɪtaɪp/ (Amer A seashell, also known as a sea shell, is the Common name for a hard protective outer layer a shell or in some cases a " test " that was created

Most scallops are free-living, but some species can attach to a substrate by a structure called a byssus, or even be cemented to their substrate as adults (e. In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. The word Byssus has two related meanings and one rather different one according to the context IN BIOLOGY The filaments created by numerous different kinds of marine g. Hinnites spp. ). A free-living scallop can swim, by rapidly opening and closing its shell. This method of locomotion is also a defense technique, protecting it from threatening predators. Some scallops can make an audible soft popping sound as they flap their shells underwater, leading one seafood vendor to dub them "singing scallops".

Contents

Life cycle

A live specimen of Argopecten irradians, the Atlantic Bay scallop, photographed at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts
A live specimen of Argopecten irradians, the Atlantic Bay scallop, photographed at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Scallops are hermaphroditic, or capable of switching sexes. Woods Hole is a Census-designated place (CDP in the town of Falmouth in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. A hermaphrodite is an organism having both male and female reproductive organs Both sexes produce roe, whose coloring depends upon the parent's (current) sex. Roe or hard roe is the fully ripe internal ovaries or egg masses of Fish and certain marine Animals such as Shrimp, Scallop Red roe is that of a female, and white, that of a male. Spermatozoa and ova are released freely into the water during mating season and fertilized ova sink to the bottom. After several weeks, the immature scallop hatches and the larvae drift until settling to the bottom again to grow. They reach sexual maturity after several years, though they may not reach a commercially harvestable size until six to eight years of age. Scallops may live up to 18 years, with their age reflected in the annuli, the concentric rings of their shells.

Taxonomy and list of genera

In total, in the family Pectinidae, there are more than 30 genera and around 350 species. While species are generally well circumscribed, their attribution to subfamilies and genera is sometimes equivocal, and there is minimal information about phylogeny and relationships of the species, not least because most work has been based on adult morphology (Barucca et al. , 2004).

The great scallop, Pecten maximus, on the right, next to the native European oyster, Ostrea edulis.
The great scallop, Pecten maximus, on the right, next to the native European oyster, Ostrea edulis. The common name oyster is used for a number of different groups of Bivalve Mollusks most of which live in marine habitats or Brackish water.
Aviculopecten subcardiformis; an extinct pectenoid from the Logan Formation (Lower Carboniferous) of Wooster, Ohio (external mold).
Aviculopecten subcardiformis; an extinct pectenoid from the Logan Formation (Lower Carboniferous) of Wooster, Ohio (external mold). The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian period about 359
Pecten sp. with serpulid worm encrusters; Duck Harbor Beach on Cape Cod Bay, Wellfleet, Massachusetts.
Pecten sp. with serpulid worm encrusters; Duck Harbor Beach on Cape Cod Bay, Wellfleet, Massachusetts.

Genera

Scallops as a food source

commercial
molluscs
abalone
clams
cockles
periwinkle
mussels
oysters
scallops
whelk
cuttlefish
octopus
squid
fishing industry
fisheries
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Scallops on display in a seafood market
Scallops on display in a seafood market

On the east coast of the United States, the availability of bay scallops has been greatly diminished by the overfishing of sharks in the area. Aequipecten is a Genus of Scallops marine Bivalve Mollusks in the family Pectinidae. The rough scallop, Aequipecten muscosus, grows up to 1 3/4 inches The Atlantic calico scallop, Argopectin gibbus, is a medium-sized edible saltwater clam specifically a scallop a marine Bivalve Mollusk William Healey Dall, ( August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927) was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist William Healey Dall, ( August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927) was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist Tom Iredale ( 24 March 1880 &ndash 12 April 1972) was an English -born Ornithologist and Malacologist born William Healey Dall, ( August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927) was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist Tom Iredale ( 24 March 1880 &ndash 12 April 1972) was an English -born Ornithologist and Malacologist born Tom Iredale ( 24 March 1880 &ndash 12 April 1972) was an English -born Ornithologist and Malacologist born Tom Iredale ( 24 March 1880 &ndash 12 April 1972) was an English -born Ornithologist and Malacologist born Tom Iredale ( 24 March 1880 &ndash 12 April 1972) was an English -born Ornithologist and Malacologist born Tom Iredale ( 24 March 1880 &ndash 12 April 1972) was an English -born Ornithologist and Malacologist born William Healey Dall, ( August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927) was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist Nodipecten is a genus of large Scallops marine Bivalve Molluscs in the Pectinidae family William Healey Dall, ( August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927) was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist William Healey Dall, ( August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927) was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist Tom Iredale ( 24 March 1880 &ndash 12 April 1972) was an English -born Ornithologist and Malacologist born Tom Iredale ( 24 March 1880 &ndash 12 April 1972) was an English -born Ornithologist and Malacologist born Tom Iredale ( 24 March 1880 &ndash 12 April 1972) was an English -born Ornithologist and Malacologist born Bruguière is a surname and may refer to Jean-Louis Bruguière, French judge Jean Guillaume Bruguière (1749 or 1750–1798 French physician Tom Iredale ( 24 March 1880 &ndash 12 April 1972) was an English -born Ornithologist and Malacologist born William Healey Dall, ( August 21, 1845 - March 27, 1927) was a great American naturalist and a prominent malacologist Tom Iredale ( 24 March 1880 &ndash 12 April 1972) was an English -born Ornithologist and Malacologist born Tom Iredale ( 24 March 1880 &ndash 12 April 1972) was an English -born Ornithologist and Malacologist born Tom Iredale ( 24 March 1880 &ndash 12 April 1972) was an English -born Ornithologist and Malacologist born Commercial fishing, also known as industrial fishing, is the activity of capturing Fish and other Seafood for commercial Profit, mostly Shellfish is a Culinary and Fisheries term for those aquatic Invertebrate animals that are used as Food: various species of molluscs Abalone (from Spanish Abulón) are medium-sized to very large edible sea Snails marine Gastropod Mollusks in the Clam is a word which can be used for all some or only a few Species of Bivalve Mollusks the word is a Common name which has Cockle is the common name for edible Bivalve Mollusks of the family Cardiidae. "Winkle" redirects here For the contract bridge play see Winkle squeeze. The common name mussel is used for members of several different families of Clams or Bivalve Molluscs, from both saltwater and freshwater habitats The common name oyster is used for a number of different groups of Bivalve Mollusks most of which live in marine habitats or Brackish water. A scallop (ˈskɒləp or /ˈskæləp/ is a marine Bivalve Mollusk of the family Pectinidae. A whelk is one of several Species of large sea Snails marine Gastropod Mollusks found in temperate waters Cuttlefish are marine animals of the order Sepiida belonging to the Cephalopoda class (which also includes Squid, Octopuses The Squid are marine Cephalopods of the order Teuthida, which comprises around 300 species The fishing industry includes any industry or activity concerned with taking culturing processing preserving storing transporting marketing or selling fish or fish products For the fishing industry and the practice of fishing see Fishing. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A variety of sharks have, until recently, fed on rays, which are a main predator of bay scallops. Batoidea is a Superorder of cartilaginous fish containing more than 500 described species in thirteen families With the shark population reduced, in some places almost totally, the rays have been free to dine on scallops to the point of greatly decreasing their numbers.

According to Seafood Watch, scallops from the Mid-atlantic are currently on the list of fish that American consumers who are sustainability-minded should avoid. Seafood Watch is a program designed to raise consumer awareness about the importance of buying Seafood from sustainable sources

Gathering scallops

Scallops were traditionally caught by dragging the seabed, but now in British seas there is a trade in scuba diving to catch scallops. Scuba diving is swimming underwater, or taking part in another activity while using a Scuba set. The largest scallops usually enjoyed in the U. S. are New England's diver scallops. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the They are hand-caught on the ocean floor, as opposed the majority of the scallop harvest which are dredged and dragged across the sea floor, causing them to collect sand. As a result, diver scallops tend to be less gritty than the traditionally harvested crop. They are also more ecologically friendly, as the harvesting method is sustainable and does not cause damage to undersea flora. Sustainability, in a general sense is the capacity to maintain a certain process or state indefinitely In Botany, flora ( Plural: floras or florae has two meanings The first meaning flora of an area or of time period, refers to all In addition, the normal harvesting methods can cause delays of up to two weeks before they arrive at market, which can cause the flesh to break down and result in a much shorter shelf life.

Diver scallops are also popular in fine cuisine. Cuisine (from French cuisine, "cooking culinary art kitchen" ultimately from Latin coquere, "to cook" is a specific set

Scallops in cooking

Scallops are a popular type of shellfish in both Eastern and Western cooking. Shellfish is a Culinary and Fisheries term for those aquatic Invertebrate animals that are used as Food: various species of molluscs Cooking is the process of preparing Food by applying Heat, selecting measuring and combining of ingredients in an ordered procedure for producing safe and edible They are characterised by having two types of meat in one shell: the adductor muscle, called "scallop" which is white and meaty, and the roe, called "coral", which is red or white and soft. Roe or hard roe is the fully ripe internal ovaries or egg masses of Fish and certain marine Animals such as Shrimp, Scallop

Scallop prepared at a restaurant
Scallop prepared at a restaurant

In Western cuisine, scallops are commonly sautéed in butter, or else breaded and deep fried. European cuisine, or alternatively Western cuisine is a generalized term collectively referring to the Cuisines of Europe and other Western countries Sautéing is a method of Cooking Food that uses a small amount of Fat in a shallow pan over relatively high heat Deep frying is a Cooking method in which food is submerged in hot oil or Fat. Scallops are commonly paired with light semi-dry white wines. In the U. S. , when a scallop is prepared, usually only the adductor muscle is used; the other parts of the scallop surrounding the muscle are ordinarily discarded. Sometimes markets sell scallops already prepared in the shell with only the adductor muscle intact. Outside the U. S. the scallop is often sold whole.

Scallops that are without any additives are called "dry packed" while scallops that are treated with sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) are called "wet packed". Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP sometimes STP or sodium triphosphate or TPP 2Na2HPO4 + NaH2PO4 → Na5P3O10 STP causes the scallops to absorb moisture prior to the freezing process, thereby getting a better price per unit of weight. The freezing process takes about two days.

Dried scallops (also known as conpoy)
Dried scallops (also known as conpoy)

In European cuisine, scallops are often prepared in the form of a quiche or cooked and then set into a savory custard. European cuisine, or alternatively Western cuisine is a generalized term collectively referring to the Cuisines of Europe and other Western countries In French cuisine, a quiche (IPA) is a baked dish that is made primarily of eggs and Milk or Cream in a Pastry In Japanese cuisine, scallops may be served in soup or prepared as sashimi or sushi. Japanese Cuisine has developed over the centuries as a result of many political and social changes Sashimi ( IPA: /'saɕimi/ 刺身 is a Japanese delicacy primarily consisting of very fresh raw Seafood, sliced into thin pieces about 2 In Japanese cuisine, is Vinegared Rice, usually topped with other ingredients including fish various meats and vegetables Dried scallop is known in Cantonese Chinese cuisine as conpoy. Cantonese ( Yue) cuisine comes from Guangdong Province in Southern China, or specifically from Guangzhou (Canton Chinese cuisine ( Traditional Chinese: 中國菜 Simplified Chinese: 中国菜 originated from the various regions of China and has become widespread in Conpoy or dried scallop is type of dried Seafood product made from the Adductor muscle of Scallops The smell of conpoy is marine pungent and

In a sushi bar, hotategai (帆立貝, 海扇) is the traditional scallop on rice, and while kaibashira (貝柱) may be called scallops, it is actually the adductor muscle of any kind of shellfish, e. g. mussels, oysters, or clams. The common name mussel is used for members of several different families of Clams or Bivalve Molluscs, from both saltwater and freshwater habitats Clam is a word which can be used for all some or only a few Species of Bivalve Mollusks the word is a Common name which has

Scallops have lent their name to the culinary term scalloped, which originally referred to seafood creamed and served hot in the shell (Rombauer 1964). Today it means a creamed casserole dish such as scalloped potatoes, which contains no seafood at all. Gratin adapted from French cuisine is a type of Casserole dish that is covered with Béchamel sauce or Mornay sauce, topped with buttered

Symbolism

Shell of Saint James

Portrait by Carlo Crivelli, c. 1480
Portrait by Carlo Crivelli, c. "Crivelli" redirects to this page See Crivelli (surname for more 1480

The scallop shell is the traditional emblem of Saint James the Greater and is popular with pilgrims on the Way of St James to the apostle's shrine at Santiago de Compostela in Spain. For people and places called Saint James, see the Saint James disambiguation page Pilgrims, or Pilgrim Fathers (or Pilgrim Mothers) is a name commonly applied to the early settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth The Way of St James or St James' Way ( Galician O camiño de Santiago, Spanish name El Camino de Santiago) Santiago de Compostela (also Saint James of Compostela is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia and a UNESCO World Medieval Christians making the pilgrimage to his shrine often wore a scallop shell symbol on their hat or clothes. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth In Religion and Spirituality, a pilgrimage is a long journey or Search of great Moral significance A pilgrim's hat, cockel hat or traveller's hat is a wide brim hat used to keep off the sun The pilgrim also carried a scallop shell with him and would present himself at churches, castles, abbeys etc. where he could expect to be given as much sustenance as he could pick up with one scoop. Probably he would be given oats, barley, and perhaps beer or wine. Thus even the poorest household could give charity without being overburdened. The association of Saint James with the scallop can most likely be traced to the legend that the apostle once rescued a knight covered in scallops. An alternate version of the legend holds that while St. James's remains were being transported to Spain from Jerusalem, the horse of a knight fell into the water, and emerged covered in the shells. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the

Fertility symbol

Aphrodite in a sea shell, from Amisos, now in the Louvre
Aphrodite in a sea shell, from Amisos, now in the Louvre

One legend of the Way of St. James holds that the route was seen as a sort of fertility pilgrimage, undertaken when a young couple desired to bear offspring. Samsun ( Greek: Σαμψούντα, Samsounta, Amisos) is a city in northern Turkey, on the coast of the Black The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France The Way of St James or St James' Way ( Galician O camiño de Santiago, Spanish name El Camino de Santiago) The scallop shell is believed to have originally been carried therefore by pagans as a symbol of fertility.

Many paintings of Venus, the Roman goddess of love and fertility, included a scallop shell in the painting to identify her. Venus was a major Roman Goddess principally associated with Love, Beauty and fertility, the equivalent of the Greek goddess This is evident in Botticelli's classically inspired The Birth of Venus (which has even been nicknamed "Venus on the half-shell"). Classical antiquity (also the classical era or classical period) is a broad term for a long period of cultural History centered on the Mediterranean The Birth of Venus is a Painting by Sandro Botticelli. It depicts the goddess Venus, having emerged from the Sea as a full grown

Alternatively, the scallop resembles the setting sun, which was the focus of the pre-Christian Celtic rituals of the area. To wit, the pre-Christian roots of the Way of St. James was a Celtic death journey westwards towards the setting sun, terminating at the End of the World (Finisterra) on the "Coast of Death" (Costa de Morta) and the "Sea of Darkness" (ie, the Abyss of Death, the Mare Tenebrosum, Latin for the Atlantic Ocean, itself named after the Dying Civilization of Atlantis). The reference to St. James rescuing a "knight covered in scallops" is therefore a reference to St. James healing, or resurrecting, a dying (setting sun) knight. Similarly, the notion of the "Sea of Darkness" (Atlantic Ocean) disgorging St. James' body, so that his relics are (allegedly) buried at Santiago de Compostella on the coast, is itself a metaphor for "rising up out of Death", that is, resurrection.

Heraldry

A scallop shell as a heraldic device on a German coat of arms
A scallop shell as a heraldic device on a German coat of arms

The scallop shell symbol found its way into heraldry as a badge of those who had been on the pilgrimage to Compostela, although later it became a symbol of pilgrimage in general. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. Winston Churchill's family coat of arms includes a scallop, another example is the surname Wilmot and also John Wesley's (which as a result the scallop shell is used as an emblem of Methodism). Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people John Wesley (ˈwɛslɪ ( – March 2, 1791) was an Anglican cleric and Christian theologian who was the founder of the (Evangelical Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations However, charges in heraldry do not always have an unvarying symbolic meaning, and there are cases of arms in which no family member went on a pilgrimage and the occurrence of the scallop is simply a pun on the name of the armiger, or for other reasons. Armiger may also refer to the AGM Armiger anti-radiation missile

State shell of New York

The U. S. state of New York made the Atlantic bay scallop its state shell in 1988. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous This is a list of official state shells: See also Lists of US

Scallops in design

In design, scalloped edges or ridges refers to a wavy pattern reminiscent of the edge of a scallop's shell. Design is used both as a Noun and a Verb. The term is often tied to the various Applied arts and Engineering (See design disciplines

References

External links

Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

Dictionary

scallop

-noun

  1. Any of various marine bivalve molluscs of the family Pectinidae which are free-swimming.
  2. a curved projection, making part of a decoration
  3. a fillet of meat
  4. a form of fried potato

-verb

  1. (transitive) to make or cook scallops
  2. (intransitive) to harvest scallops
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