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Scafell Pike

The Scafell range, looking west from Crinkle Crags
Elevation 978 m (3,209 ft)
Location Cumbria, Flag of England England
Range Lake District, Southern Fells
Prominence 912 m (2,990 ft)
Ranked 13th in British Isles
Parent peak Snowdon
Coordinates 54°27′15.2″N 3°12′41.5″W / 54.454222, -3.211528Coordinates: 54°27′15.2″N 3°12′41.5″W / 54.454222, -3.211528
Topo map OS Landrangers 89, 90, Explorer OL6
OS grid reference NY215072
Listing Marilyn, Hewitt, Wainwright, County Top, Nuttall
Listed summits of Scafell Pike
Name Grid ref Height Status
Ill Crag NY223073 935 m (3,068 ft) Hewitt, Nuttall
Broad Crag NY218075 934 m (3,064 ft) Hewitt, Nuttall
Middleboot Knotts NY213080 703 m (2,306 ft) Nuttall

At 978 metres (3,209 feet), Scafell Pike is the highest mountain in England. |} Crinkle Crags is a Fell in the English Lake District in the county of Cumbria. In topography a summit is a point on a surface which is higher in Elevation than all points immediately adjacent to The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A mountain range is a chain of Mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by passes or valleys The Lake District, also known as The Lakes or Lakeland, is a rural area in North West England. This is a list of peaks in the British Isles, with a Relative height of 600  m or more in descending order of relative height The British Isles (Irish variously Na hOileáin Bhriotanacha, Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa, Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór; Ellanyn Goaldagh Eileanan For other meanings see Snowdon (disambiguation. Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa is the highest Mountain in Wales and the third A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A topographic map is a type of Map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using Contour lines in modern Ordnance Survey (OS is an Executive agency of the United Kingdom government The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude There are many notable lists of mountains around the world Typically a list of mountains becomes notable by first being listed or defined by an author or group (e A Marilyn is a type of Mountain or Hill in Great Britain, Ireland or surrounding islands with a relative height of at least 150 metres The mountains and hills of Great Britain, and to a lesser extent Ireland, are the subject of a considerable number of lists which categorise Wainwrights are the 214 Fells (hills and mountains described in A This is a list of metropolitan counties non-metropolitan counties and unitary authorities of England by their highest point. The mountains and hills of Great Britain, and to a lesser extent Ireland, are the subject of a considerable number of lists which categorise The mountains and hills of Great Britain, and to a lesser extent Ireland, are the subject of a considerable number of lists which categorise Ill Crag is a fell in the English Lake District. By some counts it is the fourth highest peak in England although many people including Alfred Broad Crag is a fell in the English Lake District. By some counts it is the fifth highest peak in England England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland It is located in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria. The Lake District, also known as The Lakes or Lakeland, is a rural area in North West England. Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy

It is sometimes confused with the neighbouring Sca Fell, to which it is connected by the col of Mickledore. |} Sca Fell (also spelled Scafell, and traditionally ˈskɔːfəl ( Scawfle) though the alternative pronunciation /skɑːˈfɛl/ is common nowadays is a Mickledore (the name means great door or pass is a narrow ridge 840 metres (2755 ft high connecting the mountains of Sca Fell and Scafell Pike in the The name Pikes of Sca Fell was originally applied collectively to the peaks now known as Scafell Pike, Ill Crag and Broad Crag, which were considered subsidiary tops of Sca Fell (which looks higher from many angles). The contraction Scafell Pike originated as an error on an Ordnance Survey map, but is now standard. Ordnance Survey (OS is an Executive agency of the United Kingdom government

The land was donated to the National Trust in 1920 by Lord Leconfield in memory of the men of the Lake District "who fell for God and King, for freedom, peace and right in the Great War". The National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, usually known as the National Trust, is a conservation organization in England, Wales Charles Henry Wyndham 3rd Baron Leconfield GCVO ( 17 February 1872 – 17 April 1952) was a British peer The Lake District, also known as The Lakes or Lakeland, is a rural area in North West England. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

Scafell Pike is one of three British mountains climbed as part of the (National) Three Peaks Challenge. The National Three Peaks Challenge is a mountain endurance challenge in Great Britain in which participants attempt to climb the highest peaks of each of the island's

Contents

Topography

Scafell Pike is one of a horseshoe of high fells, open to the south, which surrounds the head of Eskdale. It stands on the western side of the cirque with Sca Fell to the south and Great End to the north. |} Great End is the most northerly Mountain in the Scafell chain in the English Lake District. This ridge forms the watershed between Eskdale and Wasdale, which lies to the west. Wasdale (pronounced as woz -dale not waz -dale is a Valley in the western Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England

The narrowest definition of Scafell Pike begins at the ridge of Mickledore in the south, takes in the wide, stony summit area and ends at the next depression, Broad Crag Col, (c. 920 m / 3,030 ft). A more inclusive view also takes in two further tops, Broad Crag (934 m / 3,064 ft) and Ill Crag (935 m / 3,068 ft), the two being separated by Ill Crag Col. This is the position taken by most guidebooks. [1][2] North of Ill Crag is the more definite depression of Calf Cove (850 m / 2,800 ft) before the ridge climbs again to Great End.

Scafell Pike also has outliers on either side of the ridge. Lingmell, to the north west is invariably regarded as a separate fell,[2][1] whilst Pen (760 m / 2,500 ft), a shapely summit above the Esk, is normally taken as a satellite of the Pike. Lingmell is a Fell in the English Lake District, standing above the village of Wasdale Head. The gloriously un-anatomical Middleboot Knotts is a further top lying on the Wasdale slopes of Broad Crag, which is listed as a Nuttall. The mountains and hills of Great Britain, and to a lesser extent Ireland, are the subject of a considerable number of lists which categorise

The summit of Scafell Pike, seen from neighbouring Broad Crag
The summit of Scafell Pike, seen from neighbouring Broad Crag

The rough summit plateau is fringed by crag on all sides with Pikes Crag and Dropping Crag above Wasdale and Rough Crag to the east. Broad Crag is a fell in the English Lake District. By some counts it is the fifth highest peak in England Below Rough Crag and Pen is a further tier, named Dow Crag and Central Pillar on Ordnance Survey maps, although also known as Esk Buttress among climbers. Ordnance Survey (OS is an Executive agency of the United Kingdom government [3] Esk Buttress and Pikes Crag are well known rock climbing venues.

Broad Crag Col is the source of Little Narrowcove Beck in the east and of Piers Gill in the west. The latter works its way around Lingmell to Wast Water through a spectacular ravine, one of the most impressive in the District. Distinguish from Waste water. Wast Water or Wastwater is a Lake in the Lake District National Park, England Broad Crag is a small top with its principle face on the west and the smaller Green Crag looking down on Little Narrowcove. From Broad Crag the ridge turns briefy east across Ill Crag Col and onto the shapel pyrimidal summit of Ill Crag. Here the main crags are on the Eskdale side, Ill Crag having little footing in Wasdale.

Scafell Pike has a claim to the highest standing water in England, although Foxes Tarn on Sca Fell is of similar height. A tarn (or corrie loch) is a mountain Lake or pool formed in a Cirque excavated by a Glacier. The waterbody in question is Broad Crag Tarn, which rather confusingly is on Scafell Pike proper rather than Broad Crag. It lies at about 820 m (2,700 ft), a quarter of a mile south of the summit. [4]

The summit ridge from Ill Crag to Mickledore is notoriously stony, the surface being composed in many places of fields of boulders. Paths are not marked by the usual erosion of soil, but by coloured marks on the rock following the passage of many thousands of booted feet. The summits of Ill and Broad Crags are bypassed by the ridge path, but it leads unerring to the highest point. This bears an Ordnance Survey triangulation column beside a massive cairn. A cairn ( carn in Irish is an artificial pile of stones often in a conical form This is not now in the best of repair, but is unmistakable from any distance, still six feet high and much greater in diameter. A little distance away is the lower south peak, a place to escape the crowds and marvel at the view over Eskdale.

Geology

Scafell Pike consists of igneous rock dating from the Ordovician geologically part of the Borrowdale Volcanics. Igneous rocks (etymology from Latin ignis, fire are rocks formed by solidification of cooled Magma (molten rock The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six of the Paleozoic era, and covers the time between 488 Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit The Borrowdale Volcanic Group is a development of volcanic rocks named after the Borrowdale area of the Lake District, in England. The summit plateau of Scafell pike, and that of other neighbouring peaks, is covered with shattered rock debris which provides the highest altitude example of a summit boulder field in England. In Geology and Earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting [5] The boulder field is thought to have been caused in part by weathering, such as frost action. Weathering is the decomposition of earth rocks, Soils and their Minerals through direct contact with the planet's Atmosphere. Additional factors are also considered to be important, however opinion varies as to what these may be. Clifton Ward suggested that weathering with earthquakes as a secondary agent could be responsible, while J E Marr and R A Daly believed that earthquakes were unnecessary and suggested that frost action with other unspecified agents was more likely. [6] To the north of the summit are a number of high altitude gills which flow into Lingmell Beck. A stream is a body of Water with a current, confined within a bed and stream-banks These are good examples in Cumbria for this type of gill and are also biologically important due to their species richness. Species richness is the number of species in a given area It is represented in Equation form as S [5]

Ascent routes

The ascent of the Pike is most often attempted from Wasdale Head at the north end of Wastwater to the west of the Pike. Wasdale Head is a small village in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England. Distinguish from Waste water. Wast Water or Wastwater is a Lake in the Lake District National Park, England On summer weekends, crowds of people can be found attempting this steep but straightforward walk. An alternative ascent from Wasdale approaches up a hanging valley whose head is at Mickledore, which is itself ascended, before following the path from Sca Fell to the Pike. In Geology, a valley (also called a vale, dale, glen or strath and near or in Appalachia, a draw) is

Scafell Pike from Hardknott Roman Fort
Scafell Pike from Hardknott Roman Fort
A view of the classic corridor route taken from Styhead Stretcher box
A view of the classic corridor route taken from Styhead Stretcher box

A more taxing, but scenically far superior, approach begins at Seathwaite Farm at the end of Borrowdale, proceeding via Styhead Tarn, then taking the Corridor Route (formerly known as the Guides Route), a delightful walk along the western flank of the Sca Fell massif with intimate views of the mountain, before joining the route from Wasdale near the summit. Borrowdale is a valley in the English Lake District in Cumbria, England. Sty Head is a Mountain pass in the English Lake District, in the county of Cumbria. Wasdale (pronounced as woz -dale not waz -dale is a Valley in the western Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England The return journey can then be made along a high ridge, taking in any or all of the neighbouring summits of Broad Crag, Ill Crag, Great End, Allen Crags and Glaramara. Broad Crag is a fell in the English Lake District. By some counts it is the fifth highest peak in England Ill Crag is a fell in the English Lake District. By some counts it is the fourth highest peak in England although many people including Alfred |} Great End is the most northerly Mountain in the Scafell chain in the English Lake District. Allen Crags is a Fell in the English Lake District it lies in a group of very popular hills and is regarded as part of the Scafell group of fells |} Glaramara is a Fell in the English Lake District in Cumbria. An alternative route from Borrowdale, longer but perhaps less taxing than that via the Corridor Route, runs from Seathwaite via Grains Gill and the high pass of Esk Hause. Borrowdale is a valley in the English Lake District in Cumbria, England.

Scafell Pike (left) and Sca Fell (right), with the ridge of Lingmell in the foreground.
Scafell Pike (left) and Sca Fell (right), with the ridge of Lingmell in the foreground.

A further ascent may be made from Langdale. Great Langdale is a Valley in the Lake District National park in the county of Cumbria, in the northwest of England. From the Old Dungeon Ghyll hotel, the route proceeds up alongside Rossett Gill (which perhaps has a more fearsome reputation than it deserves), past Angle Tarn, and then onto Esk Hause before joining a rocky path to the summit. ODG redirects here ODG is also the File extension for an OpenDocument drawing file Energetic walkers can vary the return route by ascending Esk Pike and Bowfell from Esk Hause and then come down the Bowfell Band. Esk Pike is a Fell in the English Lake District, one of the great cirque of hills forming the head of Eskdale. |} Bowfell (named Bow Fell on Ordnance Survey maps is a Pyramid -shaped mountain lying at the very heart of the English Lake District Another variant which avoids simply returning down Rossett Gill is to head north at the Angle Tarn, over Rossett Pike to join The Cumbrian Way, and descend via Stake Pass adding a mile to the walk. Rossett Pike is a Fell in the English Lake District. It is located at the head of Mickleden one of two tributary valleys of Great Langdale The total distance is about 21 kilometres. Esk Hause is also accessible from Styhead Tarn, making another possible route from Seathwaite.

Another ascent can be made from Eskdale, the longest and most arduous way up but it has some very fine scenery. For articles about other places named Eskdale, see Eskdale (disambiguation. The route follows the River Esk as far as the Great Moss boggy plateau; walkers then have a choice of ascending steeply up to Mickledore, the low ridge between Sca Fell and Scafell Pike, or following the Esk to its source at Esk Hause. The River Esk is a river in the Lake District in Cumbria, England. |} Sca Fell (also spelled Scafell, and traditionally ˈskɔːfəl ( Scawfle) though the alternative pronunciation /skɑːˈfɛl/ is common nowadays is a

The view from Scafell Pike

View from the summit of Scafell Pike
View from the summit of Scafell Pike

As the highest ground in England, Scafell Pike naturally has a very extensive view, ranging from the Mourne Mountains to Snowdonia. The Mourne Mountains or Mournes (Na Beanna Boirche a granite mountain range located in County Down in the south-east of Northern Ireland, are among the Snowdonia (Eryri is a region of North Wales and a National park of in area On a clear day, the following Marilyns can be seen from the summit. A Marilyn is a type of Mountain or Hill in Great Britain, Ireland or surrounding islands with a relative height of at least 150 metres (Note; this is not an exhaustive list; please feel free to add to it. )

Data from the first 'external link' below.

North

North-east

East

South

West

References

  1. ^ a b Richards, Mark: Mid-Western Fells: Collins (2004): ISBN 0-00-711368-4
  2. ^ a b Wainwright, A. (1960). Binsey is a hill on the northern edge of the Lake District in Cumbria, England. Dale Head is a Fell in the northwestern sector of the Lake District, in northern England. |} Skiddaw is a Mountain in the Lake District National Park in the United Kingdom. Knott is a Mountain in the northern part of the English Lake District. Peel Fell is the highest hill in the Kielder Forest region of England making it the highest hill for several miles in each direction until the Cheviot Hills |} Blencathra is one of the most northerly mountains in the English Lake District. The Cheviot is the highest summit in the Cheviot Hills in the far north of England, only 2 km from the Scottish border |} Helvellyn is a mountain in the English Lake District, the apex of the Eastern Fells. At 893 m Cross Fell is the highest point in the Pennine Hills of Northern England. St Sunday Crag is a Fell in the English Lake District, part of the Fairfield group in the Eastern Fells. |} High Raise is a Fell in the Central Fells of the English Lake District not to be confused with another High Raise situated in the Seat Sandal is a Fell in the English Lake District, it is situated four kilometres north of the village of Grasmere from where it is very Fairfield is a Fell in the English Lake District. It is the highest of a group of hills in the Eastern Fells, standing to the south of the Mickle Fell is a Mountain in the Pennines, the range of hills and moors running down the middle of Northern England. High Street is a Fell in the English Lake District. At 828 metres (2718 ft its summit is the highest point in the far eastern part of Stony Cove Pike (alternatively known as Caudale Moor or John Bell's Banner) is a Fell in the Far Eastern part of the English Red Screes is a Fell in the English Lake District, situated between the villages of Patterdale and Ambleside. The Howgill Fells are a small group of Hills in Cumbria in northern England, bounded approximately by a triangle drawn between Sedbergh, |} Bowfell (named Bow Fell on Ordnance Survey maps is a Pyramid -shaped mountain lying at the very heart of the English Lake District The mountains of Whernside ( Ingleborough ( and Pen-y-ghent ( are collectively known as the (Yorkshire Three Peaks. Boulsworth Hill is a large expanse of Moorland, the highest point of the South Pennines of south-eastern Lancashire, separating the District of Pendle Hill is located in the north-east of Lancashire, England, near the towns of Burnley, Colne, Nelson and Clitheroe Ward's Stone is the highest hill in the Forest of Bowland. Its flat top hides two Trig points nearly a kilometre apart The Old Man of Coniston is a Fell in the Furness Fells in the English Lake District. |} Cadair Berwyn or Cader Berwyn is a Mountain summit in north east Wales. Black Combe is a Fell in the far south of the English Lake District, just four Miles from the Irish Sea. For other meanings see Snowdon (disambiguation. Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa is the highest Mountain in Wales and the third |} Sca Fell (also spelled Scafell, and traditionally ˈskɔːfəl ( Scawfle) though the alternative pronunciation /skɑːˈfɛl/ is common nowadays is a Snaefell (Sniaull is the highest Mountain and the only summit higher than on the Isle of Man. Slieve Donard ( Sliabh Domangard or Sliabh Dónairt in Irish) is the highest Mountain in Northern Ireland, and in the province Slieve Croob (in Irish Sliabh Crúib) is the largest of a small group of peaks in the centre of County Down, north of the Mourne Mountains Merrick ( Gaelic: Mearaig) is the highest Mountain in the Southern Uplands of southern Scotland and is part of the Range |} Pillar is a Mountain in the western part of the English Lake District. High Stile is a Mountain in the western part of the Lake District in northwest England. Criffel is a mountain in southern Galloway, Scotland. It is 570 metres high but appears higher because of its great isolation and high relative height — Grasmoor is a Mountain in the north-western part of the Lake District, northern England. Great Gable is a mountain lying at the very heart of the English Lake District, appearing as a pyramid from Wasdale (hence its name but as a dome Alfred ("A" Wainwright MBE (17 January 1907 &ndash 20 January 1991 was a British hillwalker, guidebook Author and Illustrator The Southern Fells. London: Francis Lincoln. ISBN 0-7112-2230-4.  
  3. ^ British Mountain Maps: Lake District: Harvey (2006): ISBN 1-8513-7467-1
  4. ^ Blair, Don: Exploring Lakeland Tarns: Lakeland Manor Press (2003): ISBN 0-9543-9041-5
  5. ^ a b Scafell Pikes SSSI citation sheet (PDF). English Nature. Retrieved on 2006-11-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw
  6. ^ Hay, T (1942). Physiographical Notes from Lakeland. The Geographical Journal 100 (4): 165-173.  

See also

External links

This is a links page to the Hills and Mountains to be found in the United Kingdom ( England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales The Geology of Great Britain is hugely varied and complex and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the islands
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