The Saxon Eastern March or Ostmark (German: Sächsische Ostmark) was a march of the Holy Roman Empire from the 10th until the 12th century. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Mark from the Old English mearc and march (or various plural forms of these words derived from the Frankish word marka ("boundary" The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The term Osterland is still used today to describe the historic region which was at the centre of the march. Osterland ( terra orientalis) is a historical region in Germany.
The term "eastern march" or "ostmark" comes from the Latin term marchia Orientalis and originally could refer to either a march created on the eastern frontier of the Duchy of Saxony or another on the eastern border of the Duchy of Bavaria: the Bavarian Eastern March, corresponding to later Austria. Ostmark is a German term meaning either Eastern march when applied to territories or Eastern Mark when applied to currencies Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The mediæval Duchy of Saxony was a late Early Middle Ages "Carolingian Stem duchy " covering the greater part of Northern Germany. The following is a list of rulers during the History of Bavaria. The March or Margraviate of Austria was created in 976 out of the territory that probably formed the earlier March of Pannonia. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich
The Ostmark was created out of the March of Merseburg of the Margrave Gero after his death in 965. The Marca Geronis ("march of Gero" was a vast super-march in the middle of the tenth century Gero I (c 900 &ndash 20 May 965) called the Great (Latin magnus) ruled an initially modest march centred on Merseburg It consisted of the territory between the Saale and Oder rivers, approximately corresponding to the modern German Free State of Saxony. The Saale, also known as the Saxon Saale (Sächsische Saale and Thuringian Saale (Thüringische Saale is a River in Germany and a left-bank The Oder (known in Czech and Polish as Odra) is a River in Central Europe. The Free State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen ˈzaksən Swobodny Stat Sakska is the easternmost federal state of Germany. After the Margraviate of Landsberg and the Margraviate of Lusatia were split off from it, the remaining areas were united with the Margraviate of Meissen in 1123. The Margraviate of Landsberg (Mark Landsberg was a march of the Holy Roman Empire that existed from the 12th to the 14th century. The March of Lusatia (Mark Lausitz was a conquered territory of the Ljutizi and Milzini between Germany and Poland in the 10th and 11th centuries The March or Margraviate of Meissen (Mark(grafschaft Meißen was a mediæval principality a march, of the Holy Roman Empire in the area of the modern The last time that the Ostmark and Lusatia appear separte is when the former was received by Henry of Groitzsch in 1128 and the latter was reserved until 1131. Henry of Groitzsch (died 31 December 1135) was the second son of Wiprecht of Groitzsch and Judith daughter of Vratislaus II of Bohemia. During the various divisions of the Wettin lands, the territory was split up several times; most of it belonged to the Ernestine duchies. The House of Wettin was a dynasty of German Counts Dukes prince-electors (Kurfürsten and kings that ruled the area of today's The Ernestine duchies, also called the Saxon duchies (although also the Albertine Appanage duchies of Weissenfels, Merseburg and Zeitz
While the borders of the Ostmark changed frequently, in modern times the term is generally understood to mean the area between the rivers Saale and Mulde. The Mulde (ˈmʊldə is a River in Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
List of margraves
- Odo I, 965–993
- Gero II, 993–1015
- Thietmar, 1015–1030
- Odo II, 1030–1046
- Dedi I, 1046–1075
- Dedi II, fl. Odo I or Hodo I (also Huodo or Huoto; died 13 March 993) was the Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark from 965 until Gero II (c 975 &ndash 1 September 1015 at Krossen) was the eldest son of Thietmar Margrave of Meissen, and Schwanehilde (Suanhild daughter Thietmar (IV (died 10 January 1030) was the Count of the Schwabengau and Nordthüringgau from 1010 and the Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark Odo II (died 1046 was the only son of Thietmar Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark. Dedi or Dedo (died October 1075 was the Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark (also called Lower Lusatia) from 1046 and Margrave of Meissen from 1069 Dedi II or Dedo II (died 1069 called the Younger (iunior was the eldest son of Dedi I Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark, and his first wife Oda 1069
- Henry I, 1075–1103
- Henry II, 1103–1123
- Wiprecht, 1123–1124
- Albert, 1123–1128
- Henry III, 1128–1135
- Hereafter better known as margraves of Lusatia. Henry I (1070 – 1103 called the Elder, count of Eilenburg and son of Count Dedo II of Wettin and his second wife Adela of Brabant inherited in 1075 Henry II (1103 – 1123 was the Margrave of Meissen and the Saxon Ostmark (as Lusizensis marchio: margrave of Lusatia) from his birth until Wiprecht (or Wigbert) of Groitzsch (died 22 May 1124) was the Margrave of Meissen and the Saxon Ostmark from 1123 until Albert the Bear (Albrecht der Bär c 1100&ndash18 November 1170 was the first Margrave of Brandenburg (as Albert I from 1157 to his death and was briefly Duke Henry of Groitzsch (died 31 December 1135) was the second son of Wiprecht of Groitzsch and Judith daughter of Vratislaus II of Bohemia. The March of Lusatia (Mark Lausitz was a conquered territory of the Ljutizi and Milzini between Germany and Poland in the 10th and 11th centuries
References
- Reuter, Timothy. Timothy Alan Reuter ( January 25 1947 – October 14 2002) grandson of the former mayor of Berlin Ernst Reuter, was a German- Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056. New York: Longman, 1991.
- Thompson, James Westfall. James Westfall Thompson (1869&ndash1941 was an American historian specializing in the history of medieval and early modern Europe particularly of the Holy Roman Empire and Feudal Germany, Volume II. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. , 1928.
- At Meyers Konversationslexikon, 1888
- At Zeidlers Universal-Lexicon, vol. 25, p. 1163-1164
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic