- Symphyta redirects here. For the moth genus, see Symphyta (genus). A moth is an Insect closely related to the Butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic
| Sawflies Fossil range: Triassic - Recent |
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Superfamily Cephoidea |
Insects in the order Hymenoptera, suborder Symphyta are commonly called sawflies. The Triassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about 251 to 199 Ma (million years ago Arthropods are Animals belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, " Joint " Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described Hymenoptera is one of the larger orders of Insects comprising the sawflies, Wasps Bees and Ants The name refers to The Cephoidea are a small superfamily within the Symphyta, containing some 100 species in a single family Cephidae, commonly referred to as stem sawflies The Cephoidea are a small superfamily within the Symphyta, containing some 100 species in a single family Cephidae, commonly referred to as stem sawflies The Megalodontoidea are a small superfamily within the Symphyta, containing some 250 living species restricted to the temperate regions of Eurasia and North The Megalodontesidae (until recently spelled Megalodontidae) are a small family of Sawflies within the Symphyta, containing some 40 species restricted The Pamphiliidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Pamphilidae) are a small family within the Symphyta, containing some 200 species from the temperate regions of The family Orussidae (the sole living member of the superfamily Orussoidea) is the only Symphytan group which is parasitic, thus giving them the common The family Orussidae (the sole living member of the superfamily Orussoidea) is the only Symphytan group which is parasitic, thus giving them the common The superfamily Siricoidea is an archaic group of the order Hymenoptera, consisting of three families (one extinct of Xylophagous Sawflies. The Anaxyelidae is a Wood wasp family within the Symphyta, containing only a single living species Syntexis libocedrii, (also called the Horntail or wood wasp ( Name Latin = "Urocerus gigas") is the common name for any of the 100 non-social species of the family Siricidae The Tenthredinoidea are the dominant superfamily within the Symphyta, containing some 7000 species worldwide primarily in the family Tenthredinidae. Argidae is a large family of Sawflies, containing some 800 species worldwide primarily in tropical regions The Blasticotomidae are a very small family of Sawflies, containing only 9 species in 3 genera worldwide restricted to temperate regions of Eurasia where the The Cimbicidae are a small family of large-bodied often hairy Sawflies, with only 130 species in 6 genera worldwide The Diprionidae are a small family of Conifer -feeding Sawflies (thus the common name conifer sawflies, though other Symphyta feed on conifers The Pergidae are a moderate-sized family of Sawflies occurring primarily in Central and South America and Australia with some 400 species in some 60 genera The Tenthredinidae is the largest family of Sawflies, with well over 6000 species worldwide The Xyeloidea are a small superfamily within the Symphyta, containing fewer than 200 extant species but with an extensive fossil record The Xyelidae is a small family of Sawflies known from fewer than 50 extant species in 5 genera but with an extensive Fossil record; they are the oldest Xiphydriidae is a family of Wood wasp with the distinct characteristic of having a globose head borne on a long skinny "neck" they are also unusual in the habit Hymenoptera is one of the larger orders of Insects comprising the sawflies, Wasps Bees and Ants The name refers to They are a group of largely phytophagous insects, in an assemblage of superfamilies. Herbivory is a form of Predation in which an Organism, known as a herbivore, consumes principally Autotrophs ref name=Campbell>Campbell Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described The overall group is paraphyletic, but the name is still in common use, and treated as a suborder, though it seems likely it will be phased out in future classifications. In Phylogenetics, a group of organisms is said to be paraphyletic if the group contains its most recent common ancestor but does not contain all These superfamilies are regarded as the most primitive taxa within the Hymenoptera (some going back 200 million years), and one of the taxa within the Symphyta gave rise to the suborder Apocrita (wasps, bees and ants - this group is considered monophyletic). A wasp is any Insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is neither a Bee nor Ant. Bees are flying Insects closely related to Wasps and Ants Bees are a Monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea Ants are social Insects of the family Formicidae and along with the related families of Wasps and Bees belong to the order A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor In the opinion of many experts, the most likely sister taxon to the Apocrita is the family Orussidae, the only Symphytan group which is parasitic. Cladistics is the hierarchical classification of Species based on evolutionary ancestry The family Orussidae (the sole living member of the superfamily Orussoidea) is the only Symphytan group which is parasitic, thus giving them the common A parasitoid is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life history attached to or within a single host Organism which it ultimately kills
Sawflies are distinguishable from most other Hymenoptera by the broad connection between the abdomen and the thorax (see image), and the caterpillar-like larvae (below). In Vertebrates such as Mammals the abdomen (belly constitutes the part of the body between the Thorax (chest and Pelvis. The thorax is a division of an Animal 's body that lies between the head and the Abdomen. The common name comes from the appearance of the ovipositor, which looks much like the blade of a saw. The ovipositor is an organ used by some of the Animals for Oviposition, i This ovipositor, which is modified into a "sting" in some members of the Apocrita, is not used as a weapon. A stinger (a Colloquialism for the term "sting" is a common term for a sharp organ or body part found in various Animals (typically Arthropods Females use the ovipositor to cut into plants where they lay their eggs. A few species have long thin ovipositors used to drill holes deep into wood. Large populations can cause economic damage in cultivated areas and forests.
The larvae look like caterpillars (the larvae of moths and butterflies), with two notable exceptions; (1) they have five or more prolegs on the abdomen (caterpillars have five or fewer), and (2) they have two stemmata instead of the caterpillar's six. Prolegs are the fleshy stubby little structures found on the ventral surface of the Abdomen of most larval forms of Insects of the Order Lepidoptera In Vertebrates such as Mammals the abdomen (belly constitutes the part of the body between the Thorax (chest and Pelvis. Typical sawfly larvae are herbivorous, the group feeding on a wide range of plants. Herbivory is a form of Predation in which an Organism, known as a herbivore, consumes principally Autotrophs ref name=Campbell>Campbell Individual species, however, are often quite specific in their choice of plants used for food. The larvae of various species exhibit leaf-mining, leaf "rolling", or gall formation. Leaf miner is a term used to describe the Larvae of many different species of Insect which live in and eat the Leaf tissue of plants Galls or plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of Plant tissues and can be caused by various Parasites from Fungi and bacteria, to Insects Three families are strictly xylophagous, and called "wood wasps", and one family is parasitic. Not to be confused with Xylophagia Xylophagy is a term used in Ecology to describe the habits of an Herbivorous animal The term wood Wasp is a colloquial name applied to various unrelated families of Symphyta, whose only shared feature is that the larvae are found in wood The larvae that do not feed externally on plants are grub-like, without prolegs.
Adult sawflies, except for those in the family Cephidae, have structures that latch onto the underside of the forewings to help hold the wings in place when the insect is at rest. The Cephoidea are a small superfamily within the Symphyta, containing some 100 species in a single family Cephidae, commonly referred to as stem sawflies These "cenchri", which are absent in the suborder Apocrita, are located behind the scutellum on the thorax. This article is about the Insect anatomical structure For the plant genus Cenchrus see Sandbur The cenchrus Adults of some species are carnivorous, eating other insects, but many also feed on nectar.
External links
- ECatSym - Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta
- Sawfly - Tenthredininae subfamily - diagnostic photographs and information
- Sawfly - Dolerus unicolor photos and information
- Sawfly - Dolerus nitens photographs
- Sawfly Arge humeralis photographs
- A sawfly injurious to young pines hosted by the UNT Government Documents Department
References
- The American Museum of Natural History 2004-01-15
- Kendall Bioresearch Services (Image)
Dictionary
sawfly
-noun
- Any of various flying insects of the suborder Symphyta whose ovipositor is long and often serrated and is used to cut into plants to lay eggs.
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