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This article is about the Greek mythological creature. For the musician, see Sigurd Wongraven. Satyr (born Sigurd Wongraven on November 28, 1975) is the vocalist lead and rhythm guitarist bassist and keyboardist for the Norwegian
A bald, bearded, horse-tailed satyr balances a winecup on his erect penis, on an Attic red-figured psykter, ca. 500-490 BC.
A bald, bearded, horse-tailed satyr balances a winecup on his erect penis, on an Attic red-figured psykter, ca. The erection of the Penis, Clitoris or a Nipple is its enlarged and firm state 500-490 BC.

In Greek mythology, satyrs (in Greek, Σάτυροι — Sátyroi) are a troop of male companions of Pan and Dionysus— "satyresses" were a late invention of poets— that roamed the woods and mountains. Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c Pan ( Greek, Genitive) is the Greek god of shepherds and flocks of mountain wilds hunting and rustic music paein means to pasture In Classical mythology, Dionysus or Dionysos (in Greek, Διόνυσος or Διώνυσος; associated with Roman Satyresses are the female equivalent to Satyrs depicted with a human head and torso generally including bare breasts but the body of a goat from waist down In mythology they are often associated with sex drive and vase-painters often portrayed them with uncontrollable erections.

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Mythology

The satyrs' chief was called Silenus, a minor deity associated (like Hermes and Priapus) with fertility. The Silenoi (Σειληνοί were followers of Dionysus. They were drunks and were usually bald and fat with thick lips and squat noses and had the legs of a human Hermes ( Greek,, ˈhɝmiːz in Greek mythology, is the Olympian god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them of Shepherds and In Greek mythology, Priapus (Πρίαπος was a minor rustic fertility god protector of Livestock, fruit plants gardens and male Genitalia. These characters can be found in the only remaining satyr play Cyclops by Euripedes and the fragments of Sophocles' The Tracking Satyrs (Ichneutae). Satyr plays were an ancient Greek form of tragicomedy similar to the modern-day Burlesque style Euripides ( Ancient Greek:) (ca 480 BC–406 BC was the last of the three great tragedians of classical Athens (the other two being Aeschylus Sophocles (ˈsɒfəkliːz Ancient Greek, sopʰoklɛ̂ːs circa The Tracking Satyrs (or Ichneutae) is a fragmentary Satyr play by Sophocles written during the 5th century BC The satyr play was a lighthearted follow-up attached to the end of each trilogy of tragedies in Athenian festivals honoring Dionysus. The Cult of Dionysus is strongly associated with Satyrs Centaurs and Sileni, and its characteristic symbols are the bull, the serpent These plays would take a lighthearted approach to the heavier subject matter of the tragedies in the series, featuring heroes speaking in tragic iambic verse and taking their situation seriously as to the flippant, irreverent and obscene remarks and antics of the satyrs. An iamb or iambus is a Metrical foot used in various types of Poetry. The groundbreaking tragic playwright Aeschylus is said to have been especially loved for his satyr plays, but none of them has survived. Aeschylus (ˈɛskɨləs or /ˈiːskɨləs/ Greek: Ασχύλος, Aischylos, 525 BC/524 BC 456 BC/455 BC was an ancient Greek Playwright

Another horse-tailed satyr suspends his pipe-case from his erection, on an Attic black-figure plate, 520–500 BCE, from Vulci
Another horse-tailed satyr suspends his pipe-case from his erection, on an Attic black-figure plate, 520–500 BCE, from Vulci

Attic painted vases depict mature satyrs as being strongly built with flat noses, large pointed ears, long curly hair, and full beards, with wreaths of vine or ivy circling their balding heads. Attica (Αττική Attikí;) is a periphery (subdivision in Greece, containing Athens, the capital of Greece Volci or Vulci is an Etruscan city (in Etruscan Velch or Velx in the Province of Viterbo, north to Rome, central Thanks to its hardy nature pottery bulks large in the archaeological record of Ancient Greece, and because we have so much of it (some 100000 vases are recorded in the Corpus A wreath is a ring made of Flowers leaves and sometimes Fruits that can be used as an ornament hanging on a wall or door or resting Satyrs often carry the thyrsus: the rod of Dionysus tipped with a pine cone. In Greek mythology, a thyrsus ( thyrsos) was a staff of giant fennel ( Ferula communis) covered with Ivy vines and leaves sometimes In Classical mythology, Dionysus or Dionysos (in Greek, Διόνυσος or Διώνυσος; associated with Roman

Satyrs acquired their goat-like aspect through later Roman conflation with Faunus, a carefree Italic nature spirit of similar temperament. The domestic goat ( Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat Domesticated from the Wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe In Roman mythology, Pan 's counterpart Faunus was one of the oldest Roman deities the Di indigetes, who was a good spirit of the forest plains and fields Ancient peoples of Italy are all those peoples that lived in Italy (including the islands of Sicily and Sardinia) before the Roman domination Hence satyrs are most commonly described in Latin literature as having the upper half of a man and the lower half of a goat, with a goat's tail in place of the Greek tradition of horse-tailed satyrs. Mature satyrs are often depicted in Roman art with goat's horns, while juveniles are often shown with bony nubs on their foreheads. A horn is a pointed projection of the Skin on the head of various Mammals consisting of a covering of horn ( Keratin and other Proteins

Satyr on a mountain goat, drinking with women. Gandhara, 2nd-4th century.
Satyr on a mountain goat, drinking with women. Gandhara, 2nd-4th century. Gandhāra ( Sanskrit: गन्धार Urdu: گندھارا Gandḥārā; also known as Waihind in Persian is the name of an ancient

Satyrs are described as roguish but faint-hearted folk — subversive and dangerous, yet shy and cowardly. As Dionysiac creatures they are lovers of wine, women and boys, and are ready for every physical pleasure. They roam to the music of pipes (auloi), cymbals, castanets, and bagpipes, and love to dance with the nymphs (with whom they are obsessed, and whom they often pursue), and have a special form of dance called sikinnis. The aulos ( Greek αυλός, plural αυλοί, auloi or tibia ( Latin) was an ancient Greek musical instrument Cymbals are a modern percussion instrument Cymbals consist of thin normally round plates of various Cymbal alloys; see Cymbal making for a discussion of their Castanets are Percussion instrument ( Idiophone) much used in Moorish, Ottoman, Ancient Roman, Italian, Spanish Bagpipes are a class of Musical instrument, Aerophones using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag In Greek mythology, a nymph is any member of a large class of mythological entities in human female form Because of their love of wine, they are often represented holding winecups, and appear often in the decorations on winecups.

Some satyrs are depicted as old. On painted vases and other Greek art, satyrs are represented in the three stages of a man's life: mature satyrs are bearded, and are shown as fat and balding, both a humiliating and unbecoming disfigurement in Greek culture. The vase (ˈveɪs /ˈveɪz/ or/ˈvɑːz/ is an open container often used to hold cut Flowers It can be made from a number of materials including Ceramics and Baldness involves the state of lacking hair where it often grows especially on the head

In Greek mythology and art

Detail of an Attic chalice depicting a satyr with a tail and erect penis, Euphronios, end of the 6th century
Detail of an Attic chalice depicting a satyr with a tail and erect penis, Euphronios, end of the 6th century
Satyr and maenad, shown on a red-figure Attic cup, ca. 510 BC–500 BC., Louvre, Paris, France
Satyr and maenad, shown on a red-figure Attic cup, ca. A chalice (from Latin calix, cup borrowed from Greek kalyx, shell husk is a goblet intended to hold drink The tail is the section at the rear end of an Animal 's Body; in general the term refers to a distinct flexible Appendage to the Torso. The erection of the Penis, Clitoris or a Nipple is its enlarged and firm state Euphronios ( circa 535 - after 470 BC was an ancient Greek vase painter and potter active in Athens in the late 6th and early 5th centuries BC 510 BC–500 BC. , Louvre, Paris, France

In earlier Greek art, satyrs appear as old and ugly, but in later art, especially in works of the Attic school, this savage characteristic is softened into a more youthful and graceful aspect. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

This transformation or humanization of the Satyr appears throughout late Greek art. Another example of this shift occurs in the portrayal of Medusa and in that of the Amazon, characters who are traditionally depicted as barbaric and uncivilized. In Greek mythology, Medusa ( Greek: Μέδουσα (Médousa "guardian protectress" was a monstrous Chthonic female character gazing upon The Amazons (in Greek, grc Ἀμαζόνες are a nation of all-female warriors in Classical and Greek mythology, who were possibly historical The compassionate representation of the Satyr in a work of Praxiteles known as the Resting Satyr shows the level of Greek civilization and their desire to accept all types of people. Praxiteles ( Ancient Greek: Πραξιτέλης English prækˈsɪtɨliːz of Athens, the son of Cephisodotus the Elder, was the most renowned of the

Older satyrs were known as sileni, the younger as satyrisci. The hare was the symbol of the shy and timid satyr. Hares and jackrabbits are Leporids belonging to the Genus Lepus. Greek spirits known as Calicantsars have a noticeable resemblance to the ancient satyrs; they have goats' ears and the feet of donkeys or goats, are covered with hair, and love women and the dance. The donkey or ass, Equus asinus, is a member of the Equidae or horse family and an odd-toed ungulate.

Although they are not mentioned by Homer, in a fragment of Hesiod's works they are called brothers of the mountain nymphs and Kuretes, strongly connected with the cult of Dionysus, and are an idle and worthless race. Homer ( Ancient Greek:, Homēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic Poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the Hesiod ( Greek: Hesiodos) was an early Greek Poet and Rhapsode, who presumably lived around 700 BCE The Korybantes ( Ancient Greek:) were the crested dancers who worshiped the Phrygian goddess Cybele with drumming and dancing The Cult of Dionysus is strongly associated with Satyrs Centaurs and Sileni, and its characteristic symbols are the bull, the serpent In the Dionysus cult, male followers are known as satyrs and female followers as maenads or bacchants.

In Attica there was a species of drama known as the legends of gods and heroes, and the chorus was composed of satyrs and sileni. In the Athenian satyr plays of the 5th century BC, the chorus commented on the action. Satyr plays were an ancient Greek form of tragicomedy similar to the modern-day Burlesque style The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. This "satyric drama" burlesqued the serious events of the mythic past with lewd pantomime and subversive mockery. Pantomime (informally panto) (not to be confused with a Mime artist, referring to a theatrical performer of mime is a performance genre traditionally found One complete satyr play from the 5th century survives, the Cyclops of Euripides. The Cyclops (Κύκλωψ, Kyklōps) is an Ancient Greek Satyr play by Euripides, the only complete satyr play that has survived Euripides ( Ancient Greek:) (ca 480 BC–406 BC was the last of the three great tragedians of classical Athens (the other two being Aeschylus

A papyrus bearing a long fragment of a satyr play by Sophocles, given the title 'Tracking Satyrs' (Ichneutae), was found at Oxyrhynchus in Egypt, 1907. Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ (Rhymes -aɪrəs)is a thick paper-like material produced from the Pith of the papyrus plant Cyperus papyrus Sophocles (ˈsɒfəkliːz Ancient Greek, sopʰoklɛ̂ːs circa Oxyrhynchus (Ὀξύρρυγχος "sharp-nosed" ancient Egyptian Pr-Medjed; Coptic Pemdje; modern Egyptian Arabic This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year

In Roman mythology and art

A Satyr depicted on a Roman mosaic in Villa Romana del Casale, an archeological site near Piazza Armerina in Sicily, Italy
A Satyr depicted on a Roman mosaic in Villa Romana del Casale, an archeological site near Piazza Armerina in Sicily, Italy
This satyr gargoyle, affixed to the Cathedral of St. Vincent (Bern, Switzerland), is posed in the act of choking a mermaid.
This satyr gargoyle, affixed to the Cathedral of St. Art History Mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae, and they enriched the floors of Hellenistic Villa Romana del Casale is a Roman villa located about 5km outside the town of Piazza Armerina, Sicily. Piazza Armerina (Sicilian Ciazza) is an Italian comune in the Province of Enna of the autonomous island region of Sicily. Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest In Architecture, a gargoyle is a carved stone Grotesque with a spout designed to convey water from a roof and away from the side of a building Vincent (Bern, Switzerland), is posed in the act of choking a mermaid. The city of Berne or Bern (, Berne, Berna, Romansh: Berna, Bernese German: Bärn) is the Bundesstadt ( Federal Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation A mermaid is a Mythological aquatic creature that is half human half aquatic creature (e

Roman satyrs were conflated in the popular and poetic imagination with Latin spirits of woodland and with the rustic spirit Pan, called the Panes. Pan ( Greek, Genitive) is the Greek god of shepherds and flocks of mountain wilds hunting and rustic music paein means to pasture

Roman satyrs were described as goatlike from the haunches to the hooves, and were often pictured with larger horns, even ram's horns. HoofRearHoovesjpg|thumb|200px|right|Rear hooves of a horse]] A hoof is the tip of a Toe of an Ungulate Mammal, strengthened by a thick horny ( Roman poets often conflated them with the fauns. In Roman mythology, fauns are place-spirits ( genii) of untamed woodland

Roman satire is a literary form, a poetic essay that was a vehicle for biting, subversive social and personal criticism. Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Though Roman satire is sometimes linked to the Greek satyr plays, satire's only connection to the satyric drama is through the subversive nature of the satyrs themselves, as forces in opposition to urbanity, decorum, and civilization itself. Decorum (from the Latin: "proper fit becoming" was a principle of classical Rhetoric, poetry and theatrical theory

Other references

In the King James Version of the Bible, Isaiah 13:21 and 34:14, the English word "satyr" is used to represent the Hebrew sh'lrlm, "hairy ones". In Hebrew folklore, sh'lrlm are a type of demon or supernatural being which inhabits waste places. Hebrews (or Hebertes, Eberites, Hebreians, " Habiru " or " Habiri " Hebrew: עברים There is an allusion to the practice of sacrificing to the sh'lrlm (often translated as "devils") in Leviticus 17:7. They correspond to the "shaggy demon of the mountain-pass" (azabb al-akaba) of old Arab legend. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding

Baby satyr

A female satyr holding two infants, by Clodion (Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore)
A female satyr holding two infants, by Clodion (Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore)
A child satyr (center) depicted in Titian's painting Bacchus and Ariadne c.1520-1523
A child satyr (center) depicted in Titian's painting Bacchus and Ariadne c. Claude Michel, known as Clodion ( December 20, 1738 – March 29, 1814) was a French sculptor in the Rococo The Walters Art Museum located in Baltimore Maryland 's Mount Vernon neighborhood is a public art museum founded in 1934 Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c 1485 &ndash August 27 1576 better known as Titian, was the leading painter of the 16th-century Venetian Bacchus and Ariadne (1520-23 is an Oil painting by Titian. It is one of a cycle of paintings on mythological subjects produced for Alfonso d'Este 1520-1523

Baby satyrs, or child satyrs, are mythological creatures related to the satyr. A legendary creature is a mythological or folkloric creature (often known as "fabulous creatures" in historical literature They appear in popular folklore, classical artworks, film, and in various forms of local art. History The concept of folklore developed as part of the 19th century ideology of Romantic nationalism, leading to the reshaping of oral traditions to serve modern ideological "Classical literature" redirects here For literature in Classical languages outside the Graeco-Roman sphere see Ancient literature.

Some classical works depict young satyrs being tended to by older, sober satyrs, while there are also some representations of child satyrs taking part in Bacchanalian/Dionysian rituals (including drinking alcohol, playing musical instruments, and dancing). The Cult of Dionysus is strongly associated with Satyrs Centaurs and Sileni, and its characteristic symbols are the bull, the serpent A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic

The presence of a baby or child satyr in a classical work, such as on a Greek vase, was mainly an aesthetic choice on the part of the artist. Thanks to its hardy nature pottery bulks large in the archaeological record of Ancient Greece, and because we have so much of it (some 100000 vases are recorded in the Corpus However, the role of a child in Greek art might imply a further meaning for baby satyrs: Eros, the son of Aphrodite, is consistently represented as a child or baby, and Bacchus, the divine sponsor of satyrs, is seen in numerous works as a baby, often in the company of the satyrs. A prominent instance of a baby satyr outside ancient Greece is Albrecht Dürer's 1505 engraving, "Musical Satyr and Nymph with Baby (Satyr's Family)". The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Albrecht Dürer (ˈalbʀɛçt ˈdyʀɐ ( May 21, 1471 &ndash April 6, 1528) was a German painter, Printmaker There is also a Victorian-era napkin ring depicting a baby satyr next to a barrel, which further represents the perception of baby satyrs as partaking in the Bacchanalian festivities. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities See Revivals, Reveries, and Reconstructions: Images of Antiquity in Prints from 1500 to 1800, an exhibition at the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

There are also many works of art of the rococo period depicting child or baby satyrs in Bacchanalian celebrations. Rococo is a style of 18th century French art and Interior design. Some works depict female satyrs with their children; others describe the child satyrs as playing an active role in the events, including one instance of a painting by Jean Raoux (1677–1735). Jean Raoux (1677-1734 French painter, was born at Montpellier. "Mlle Prévost as a Bacchante" depicts a child satyr playing a tambourine while Mlle Prévost, a dancer at the Opéra, is dancing as part of the Bacchanal festivities. [1]

Satyrs and orangutan

In the 17th century, the satyr legend came to be associated with stories of the orangutan, a great ape now found only in Sumatra and Borneo. The orangutans are two Species of great apes known for their intelligence long arms and reddish-brown hair Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470000 km² and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two Borneo is the third largest island in the world and is located at the centre of Maritime Southeast Asia. Many early accounts which apparently refer to this animal describe the males as being sexually aggressive towards human women and towards females of its own species. The first scientific name given to this ape was Simia satyrus.

In popular culture

See also

References

External links

 
 

Dictionary

satyr

-noun

  1. (Greek mythology): A woodland creature with pointed ears, legs, and short horns of a goat and a fondness for unrestrained revelry
  2. A lecherous man
  3. Any of various butterflies of the family Satyridae, having brown wings marked with eyelike spots.
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