Sarojini Naidu (February 13, 1879 - March 2, 1949), known as Bharatiya Kokila (The Nightingale of India), was a child prodigy, freedom fighter, and poet. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Allahabad ( Hindi: इलाहाबाद Urdu: الہ آباد Ilāhābād) is a city in the north Indian state of Uttar Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. List of child prodigies|Fictional child prodigies A child prodigy is a one who masters one or more skills or arts at an early age Freedom fighter is a term to describe those that engage in a struggle to achieve freedom for themselves or to free others in some matter A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Naidu was the first Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress and the first woman to become the governor of Uttar Pradesh. Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U She was active in the Indian Independence Movement, joining Mahatma Gandhi in the Salt March to Dandi, and then leading the Dharasana Satyagraha after the arrests of Gandhi JI, Abbas Tyabji, and Kasturba Gandhi. The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January The Salt Satyagraha was a campaign of non-violent protest against the British salt tax in colonial India which began with the Salt March to Dandi on March 12 1930 Dharasana Satyagraha was a protest against the British salt tax in Colonial India in May 1930 Abbas Tyabji (1853 &ndash June 9, 1936) was an Indian freedom fighter from Gujarat, who once served as the Chief Justice of the ( Kastürbā Gāndhi ( April 11, 1869 – 22 February, 1944) affectionately called Ba, was the wife of Mohandas Gandhi.

Sarojini Naidu was born in Hyderabad, India as the eldest daughter of scientist, philosopher, and educator Aghornath Chattopadhyaya, and Varada Sundari Devi, a poetess. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Her father was the founder of the Nizam College, and also the first member of the Indian National Congress in Hyderabad with his friend Mulla Abdul Qayyum. Nizam College was established in 1887 during the reign of Nawab Mir Mahaboob Ali Khan Asaf Jah VI, in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. He was later dismissed from his position as Principal and even banished in retaliation for his political activities. Sarojini Naidu learnt to speak Urdu, Telugu, English, Persian and Bengali. Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Her favorite poet was P.B. Shelley. Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4 1792 – July 8 1822 ˈpɝːsɪ ˈbɪʃ ˈʃɛlɪ was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among

She attained national fame for entering Madras University at the age of twelve. The University of Madras is one of the three oldest Universities in India (along with the University of Calcutta and the University of Mumbai At sixteen, she travelled to England to study first at King's College London and subsequently at Girton College, Cambridge. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland King's College London is a British Higher education institution and co-founding constituent college of the federal University of London. Girton College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England.

At the age of 17, she met Dr. Muthyala Govindarajulu Naidu and fell in love with him. Love is any of a number of Emotions and experiences related to a sense of strong Affection. He was from Andhra Pradesh. After finishing her studies at the age of 19, she married him during the time when inter-caste marriages were not allowed. Her marriage was a very happy one. They were married by the Act (1872), in Madras in 1898. They had 4 children: Jayasurya, Padmaja, Randheer, and Leelamani.

Naidu's brother, Virendranath Chattopadhyaya, was also a noted Indian activist. Virendranath Chattopadhyaya alias Chatto (1880 — September 2 1937 Moscow was a prominent Bengali Indian revolutionary who aimed to overthrow the During WW I Virendranath was instrumental in founding the Berlin Committee and was one of the leading figures of the Hindu German Conspiracy. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Berlin Committee, later known as the Indian Independence Committee (Das Indische Unabhängigkeitskomitee after 1915 was an organisation formed in Germany in He later became committed to Communism, travelling to Soviet Russia where he is believed to have been executed on Stalin's orders in 1937. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based

In the Freedom struggle

Sarojini Naidu with Gandhi during Dandi march

See Also: Non-Cooperation Movement, Salt Satyagraha, Quit India Movement

She joined the Indian independence movement, in the wake of the aftermath of partition of Bengal in 1905. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January The Salt Satyagraha was a campaign of non-violent protest against the British salt tax in colonial India which began with the Salt March to Dandi on March 12 1930 The non-cooperation movement (असहयोग आन्दोलन was the first-ever series of nationwide people's movements of Nonviolent resistance and Civil Disobedience The Salt Satyagraha was a campaign of non-violent protest against the British salt tax in colonial India which began with the Salt March to Dandi on March 12 1930 The Quit India Movement (Bharat Chhodo Andolan or the August Movement) was a Civil disobedience movement launched in India in August 1942 in The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant Etymology and ethnology The exact origin of the word Bangla or Bengal is unknown though it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting During 1903-17 Sarojini came into contact with Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Rabindranath Tagore, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant, C. P. Ramaswami Iyer, Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. Gopal Krishna Gokhale, CIE ( गोपाल कृष्‍ण गोखले) ( May 9, 1866 - February 19, 1915) was one of Muhammad Ali Jinnah Urdu: (December 25 1876 – September 11 1948 was a Pakistani politician and leader of the All India Muslim League who founded Pakistan Annie Wood Besant (ˈbɛsənt Clapham London October 1 1847 &ndash September 20 1933 in Adyar, India) was a prominent Theosophist, Sir Chetpat Pattabhirama Ramaswami Iyer ( Tamil:சேத்துப்பட்டு பட்டாபி ராமசுவாமி அய்யர், KCSI Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू ʤəʋäɦəɾläl nɛɦɾu (14 November 1889 27 May 1964 was a major political leader of the Congress Party

From 1915 to 1918 she lectured all over India on welfare of youth, dignity of labour, women's emancipation and nationalism. After meeting Jawaharlal Nehru in 1916, she took up the cause of the indigo workers of chappel head. The first Satyagraha revolutions inspired by Mahatma Gandhi in the Indian Independence Movement occurred in Kheda district of Gujarat In 1925 she was elected as the President of the Congress, the first Indian woman to hold the post.

In March 1919, the British government passed the Rowlatt Act by which the possession of seditious documents was deemed illegal. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 The Rowlatt Act was a law passed by the British Raj in India in March 1919 indefinitely extending "emergency measures" (of the Defence of India Regulations Mohandas Gandhi organized the Non-Cooperation Movement to protest and Naidu was the first to join the movement which the government worked to suppress. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January The non-cooperation movement (असहयोग आन्दोलन was the first-ever series of nationwide people's movements of Nonviolent resistance and Civil Disobedience

In July 1919, Naidu became the Home Rule League's ambassador to England. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Home Rule League, sometimes called the Home Rule Party, was a Political party which campaigned for Home rule for the island of Ireland from 1873 to England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland In July 1920 she returned to India and on August 1, Mahatma Gandhi declared the Non-Cooperation Movement. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar The non-cooperation movement (असहयोग आन्दोलन was the first-ever series of nationwide people's movements of Nonviolent resistance and Civil Disobedience In January 1924, she was one of the two Indian National Congress delegates at the East African Indian Congress. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India.

Naidu arrived in New York in October 1928 and was concerned with the unjust treatment of the African Americans and the Amerindians. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. Upon her return to India she became a member of Congress Working Committee.

On January 26, 1930 the National Congress proclaimed its independence from the British Empire. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. On May 5, Mohandas Gandhi was arrested. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Naidu was arrested shortly thereafter and was in jail for several months. She, along with Gandhi, was released on January 31, 1931. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Later that year, they were again arrested. Naidu was eventually released due to her poor health and Gandhi was released in 1933. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1931, she participated in the Round Table Summit, along with Gandhiji and Pundit Malaviyaji. In 1942, she was arrested during the "Quit India" protest and stayed in jail for 21 months with Gandhiji. Naidu shared a warm relationship with Mohandas Gandhi, even calling him "Mickey Mouse".

At the Asian Relations Conference of March 1947, Naidu presided over the Steering Committee. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

On August 15, 1947, with the independence of India, Naidu became the Governor of Uttar Pradesh, India's first woman governor and she died in office in 1949. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U

Poetry, writings and quotes

In 1905, the first volume of her collection of poems was published as The Golden Threshold. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Two more volumes were published: The Bird of Time (1912) and The Broken Wing in (1917). The Bird of Time is a Science fiction novel by author Wallace West. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year

Sarojini Naidu is also well acclaimed for her contribution to poetry. Her poetry had beautiful words that could also be sung. Her collection of poems was published in 1905 under the title “Golden Threshold”. She published two other collections called “The Bird of Time”, and “The Broken Wings”. Later, “The Magic Tree”, “The Wizard Mask”, and “A Treasury of Poems” were published.

Naidu writes:

:Shall hope prevail where clamorous hate is rife,

Shall sweet love prosper or high dreams have place

Amid the tumult of reverberant strife

'Twixt ancient creeds, 'twixt race and ancient race,

That mars the grave, glad purposes of life,

Leaving no refuge save thy succoring face ?

Naidu said, "When there is oppression, the only self-respecting thing is to rise and say this shall cease today, because my right is justice. "Naidu adds, "If you are stronger, you have to help the weaker boy or girl both in play and in the work. "

External links

• Works by Sarojini Naidu at Project Gutenberg
• Biography and Poems of Sarojini Naidu
• Letter written by Sarojini Naidu
• Biography of Sarojini Naidu
• Biography of Aghornath Chattopadhyaya