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Sarcoma
Classification and external resources
MeSH D012509

A sarcoma (from the Greek 'sarx' meaning "flesh") is a cancer of the connective or supportive tissue (bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels) and soft tissue. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled Connective tissue is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications (the others being epithelial, Muscle, and Nervous tissue) Bones are rigid organs that form part of the Endoskeleton of Vertebrates They function to move support and protect the various organs of the body produce Cartilage is a type of dense Connective tissue. It is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water Muscle (from Latin musculus, diminutive of mus "mouse" is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the The blood vessels are part of the Circulatory system and function to transport Blood throughout the body In Medicine, the term soft tissue refers to tissues that connect support or surround other structures and organs of the body This is in contrast to carcinomas, which are of epithelial origin (breast, colon, pancreas, and others). A carcinoma is any Malignant Cancer that arises from epithelial cells. In biology and medicine epithelium is a tissue composed of cells that line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body The breast is the upper Ventral region of an animal’s Torso, particularly that of Mammals including Human beings. The colon is a storage tube for solid wastes The main function of the colon appears to be extraction of Water and salts from Feces. The pancreas is a Gland organ in the digestive and Endocrine system of Vertebrates.

Contents

Classification

Sarcomas are given a number of different names, based on the type of tissue from which they arise. For example, osteosarcoma arises from bone, chondrosarcoma arises from cartilage, and leiomyosarcoma arises from smooth muscle. Osteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant Bone cancer, accounting for 35% of primary bone malignancies Bones are rigid organs that form part of the Endoskeleton of Vertebrates They function to move support and protect the various organs of the body produce A chondrosarcoma is a type of Cancer of the Bone. Chondrosarcoma is a cartilage-based tumor and is in a category of cancers called Sarcomas About 25% Cartilage is a type of dense Connective tissue. It is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix Leiomyosarcoma is a type of Sarcoma which is a Neoplasm of Smooth muscle. Smooth muscle is a type of non- Striated muscle, found within the Tunica media layer of large and small Arteries and Veins, the bladder Sarcomas strike people in all age ranges, but they are very rare, accounting for only 1% of all cases of cancer. Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled [1] Soft tissue sarcomas, such as leiomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), are more common in adults than in children. Leiomyosarcoma is a type of Sarcoma which is a Neoplasm of Smooth muscle. A chondrosarcoma is a type of Cancer of the Bone. Chondrosarcoma is a cartilage-based tumor and is in a category of cancers called Sarcomas About 25% A gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( GIST) is a rare Tumor of the Gastrointestinal tract (1-3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies GIST is the most common form of sarcoma, with approximately 3000-3500 cases per year in the United States. [2] This should be compared with breast cancer, with approximately 200,000 cases per year in North America. [3] Bone sarcomas, such as osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, are more common in children than in adults. Osteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant Bone cancer, accounting for 35% of primary bone malignancies Ewing sarcoma is a malignant round-cell tumor It is a rare disease in which Cancer cells are found in the Bone or in soft tissue. These tumors most commonly strike adolescents and young adults between the ages of 12 and 25. In addition to being named based on the tissue of origin, sarcomas are also assigned a grade, such as low grade or high grade. Low grade sarcomas are usually treated surgically, although sometimes radiation therapy or chemotherapy are used. Radiation therapy (or radiotherapy) is the medical use of Ionizing radiation as part of Cancer treatment to control Malignant Chemotherapy, in its most general sense refers to treatment of disease by chemicals that kill cells specifically those of micro-organisms or Cancer. High grade sarcomas are more frequently treated with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy, in its most general sense refers to treatment of disease by chemicals that kill cells specifically those of micro-organisms or Cancer. Since these tumors are more likely to undergo metastasis (spreading to distant sites), these tumors are treated more aggressively. Metastasis ( Greek: displacement μετά=next + στάσις=placement, plural metastases) sometimes abbreviated mets, Childhood sarcomas are almost always treated with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, and radiation is frequently used as well. Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental Chemotherapy, in its most general sense refers to treatment of disease by chemicals that kill cells specifically those of micro-organisms or Cancer. The recognition that childhood sarcomas are sensitive to chemotherapy has dramatically improved the survival of patients. For example, in the era before chemotherapy, long term survival for patients with localized osteosarcoma was only approximately 20%, but now has risen to 60-70%. [4]

Types of sarcoma

(ICD-O codes are provided where available. The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O is a domain specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems )


Notable patients

Famous patients include the Soviet mathematician Nikolai Kochin and Canadian Blues Rock musician, Jeff Healey. A chondrosarcoma is a type of Cancer of the Bone. Chondrosarcoma is a cartilage-based tumor and is in a category of cancers called Sarcomas About 25% Ewing sarcoma is a malignant round-cell tumor It is a rare disease in which Cancer cells are found in the Bone or in soft tissue. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET is a rare Tumor, usually occurring in children under 10 years old Hemangioendothelioma is used to describe a group of Vascular neoplasms that may be considered Benign or Malignant in their activity Neurofibroma is a type of Nerve sheath tumor. In contrast to Schwannomas -- another type of Tumor arising from the Schwann cells -- neurofibromas Osteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant Bone cancer, accounting for 35% of primary bone malignancies A soft tissue sarcoma is a rare form of Cancer that develops in mesenchymal tissue the Muscle, Connective tissues and Bones of the body Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS is a very rare type of Soft tissue sarcoma - a slow growing Tumor of an unknown origin that arises mainly in children and young adults Hemangiosarcoma is a Malignant, rare rapidly growing highly invasive variety of Cancer. Phyllodes tumors (from Greek: phullon leaf also cystosarcoma phyllodes, cystosarcoma phylloides and phylloides tumor, are typically Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP is a rare Tumor. There is only about 1 case per million per year A desmoid tumor (sometimes referred to as aggressive fibromatosis) is a rare (3 per million population Tumor that may or may not be part of a genetic Dsrct2jpg|thumb|right||Cell exhibiting blue oval and round shapes of desmoplastic small round blue cell tumor]] Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is classified as a Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare mesenchymal soft tissue Tumor with an epithelioid pattern Fibrosarcoma (fibroblastic sarcoma is a Malignant Tumor derived from fibrous connective tissue and characterized by immature proliferating Fibroblasts A hemangiopericytoma ( HPC) is a type of Soft tissue sarcoma that originates in the Pericytes in the walls of capillaries. Hemangiosarcoma is a Malignant, rare rapidly growing highly invasive variety of Cancer. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS is a tumor caused by Human herpesvirus 8 ( HHV8) also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV Leiomyosarcoma is a type of Sarcoma which is a Neoplasm of Smooth muscle. Liposarcoma is a Malignant Tumor that arises in fat cells in deep soft tissue such as that inside the thigh or in the Retroperitoneum. Lymphangiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor which occurs in long-standing cases of Primary or Secondary Lymphedema. Lymphoma a type of Neoplasm that originates in Lymphocytes (a type of White blood cell in the vertebrate Immune system) Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH is a type of Cancer that is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of late adult life most commonly occurring between age 50-70 Neurofibrosarcoma is a type of tumor combining characteristics of Neurofibroma and Fibrosarcoma. A rhabdomyosarcoma is a type of Cancer, specifically a Sarcoma (cancer of Connective tissues, in which the cancer cells are thought to arise from A synovial sarcoma is a rare form of Cancer which usually occurs near to the joints of the arm or leg Nikolai Evgrafovoch Kochin ( Николай Евграфович Кочин) ( May 19, 1901, St Petersburg – December 31, 1944

References

  1. ^ Borden EC, Baker LH, Bell RS, Bramwell V, Demetri GD, Eisenberg BL, Fletcher CD, Fletcher JA, Ladanyi M, Meltzer P, O'Sullivan B, Parkinson DR, Pisters PW, Saxman S, Singer S, Sundaram M, van Oosterom AT, Verweij J, Waalen J, Weiss SW, Brennan MF. Soft tissue sarcomas of adults: state of the translational science. Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Jun;9(6):1941-56. Review. PMID 12796356
  2. ^ Tran T, Davila JA, El-Serag HB. The epidemiology of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors: an analysis of 1,458 cases from 1992 to 2000. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:162-8. PMID 15654796
  3. ^ Smigal C, Jemal A, Ward E, Cokkinides V, Smith R, Howe HL, Thun M. Trends in breast cancer by race and ethnicity: update 2006. CA Cancer J Clin 2006;56:168-83. PMID 16737949
  4. ^ Longhi A, Errani C, De Paolis M, Mercuri M, Bacci G. Primary bone osteosarcoma in the pediatric age: state of the art. Cancer Treat Rev. 2006;32:423-36. PMID 16860938

External links

The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory

Dictionary

sarcoma

-noun

  1. (oncology) A type of malignant tumor of the bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue.
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