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Sarangi
Sarangi
Classification
Related instruments
Anant Kunte playing the sarangi (2007)
Anant Kunte playing the sarangi (2007)

The Sarangi (Hindi: सारंगी) is a bowed, short-necked lute of India, Nepal and Pakistan. A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. A Chordophone is any Musical instrument which produces sound primarily by way of a vibrating string or strings stretched between two points A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The esraj (Bengali এস্রাজ also called israj) is a String instrument found in two forms throughout the north central and Sarinda is also a genus of Jumping spiders. A sarinda is a stringed Indian Folk musical instrument similar to Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is In Music, a bow is moved across some part of a Musical instrument, causing Vibration which the instrument emits as Sound. Lute can refer generally to any plucked string instrument with a neck (either Fretted or unfretted and a deep round back or more specifically to an instrument from India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and It is an important bowed string instrument of India's Hindustani classical music tradition. Hindustani Classical Music ( Hindi: हिन्दुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत Urdu: ہندوستانی شاستریے سنگیت Of all Indian instruments, it is said to most resemble the sound of the human voice – able to imitate vocal ornaments such as gamakas (shakes) and meend (sliding movements). In Hindustani music, gamak refers to the variation of pitch of a note In Hindustani music meend refers to the bending or deflecting of pitches

The word sarangi is derived from two Hindi words: sau (meaning "hundred") and rang (meaning "colour"). Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is This is because the sound of the sarangi is said to be as expressive and evocative as hundred colours.

Sarangi music is often vocal music. It is rare to find a sarangi player who does not know the words of many classical songs. The words are usually mentally present during performance, and performance almost always adheres to the conventions of vocal performance including the organisational structure, the types of elaboration, the tempo, the relationship between sound and silence, and the presentation of khyal and thumri compositions. Khyal (or Khayal: Hindi: ख़्याल Urdu: خیال is the modern genre of classical singing in North India. Thumri ( Devnagari: ठुमरी, Nastaliq: ٹھمری) is a common genre of semi classical Indian music from the The vocal quality of sarangi is in a quite separate category from, for instance, the so-called gayaki-ang of sitar which attempts to imitate the nuances of khyal while overall conforming to the structures and usually keeping to the gat compositions of instrumental music. The sitar ( Hindi: सितार Urdu: ستار Persian: سی تار) is a Plucked stringed instrument. (A gat is a composition set to a cyclic rhythm. )

In the words of Sir Yehudi Menuhin on Ram Narayan and his sarangi: "The Sarangi remains not only the authentic and original Indian bowed stringed instrument but the one which most poignantly, and in the hands of Ram Narayan, most revealingly expresses the very soul of Indian feeling and thought. Sir is an Honorific used as a title (see Knight) and in several other modern contexts Yehudi Menuhin Baron Menuhin, OM, KBE (April 22 1916 – March 12 1999 was an American -born Violinist and conductor who spent Pandit Ram Narayan is a longime and influential Sarangi player I cannot separate the Sarangi from Ram Narayan, so thoroughly fused are they, not only in my memory but in the fact of this sublime dedication of a great musician to an instrument which is no longer archaic because of the matchless way he has made it speak. "

Carved from a single block of wood, the sarangi has a box-like shape, usually around two feet long and around half a foot wide. The lower resonance chamber is made from a hollowed-out block of tun (red cedar) wood and covered with parchment and a decorated strip of leather at the waist which supports the elephant-shaped bridge. Parchment is a thin material made from Calfskin, Sheepskin or goatskin. The bridge in turn supports the huge pressure of approximately 40 strings.

Three of the strings – the comparatively thick, tight and short ones – are bowed with a heavy horsehair bow and "stopped" not with the finger-tips but with the nails, cuticles and surrounding flesh (talcum powder is applied to the fingers as a lubricant). A nail is a horn -like structure at the end of an animal's Finger or Toe. Baby powder is an Astringent powder used for preventing rashes on the area covered by a Diaper (see Diaper rash) The remaining strings are resonance strings or tarabs (see: sympathetic strings), numbering up to around 35, divided into 4 different "choirs". Sympathetic strings or resonance strings are auxiliary strings found on many Indian musical instruments as well as some Western Baroque instruments and a variety On the lowest level are a diatonic row of 9 tarabs and a chromatic row of 15 tarabs, each encompassing a full octave plus 1–3 extra notes above or below. The chromatic scale is a Musical scale with twelve pitches each a Semitone or Half step apart In Music, an octave ( is the the use of which is "common in most musical systems Between these lower tarabs and the main playing strings lie two more sets of longer tarabs, which pass over a small flat ivory bridge at the top of the instrument. These are tuned to the important tones (svaras) of the raga. for the town in Nepal see Swara Nepal The notes or swaras, of Indian music are shadja rishabh gandhar madhyam pancham dhaivat and nishad A properly tuned sarangi will hum and buzz like a bee-hive, with tones played on any of the main strings eliciting echo-like resonances.

Famously difficult to play and tune, the sarangi has traditionally been used primarily for accompanying singers (shadowing the vocalist's improvisations), but in recent times it has become recognised as a solo instrument used for full raga development – thanks to the single handed efforts of Pandit Ram Narayan. Rāga ( Sanskrit, lit "colour" or "mood" or rāgam in Carnatic music) refers to melodic modes used Other current celebrated performers include Sarangi Samrat Ustad Sabri Khan, Ustad Sultan Khan and Ustad Kamal Sabri ,Aruna Narayan Kalle; eminent maestros of the past have included Ustad Bundu Khan, Ustad Md. Ustad Sultan Khan is a renowned Indian Sarangi player and singer specializing in the Hindustani Classical music tradition. Sagiruddin Khan and Pandit Gopal Mishra.

The repertoire of sarangi players is traditionally very closely related to vocal music. Nevertheless, a concert with a solo sarangi as the main item will probably include a full-scale raga presentation with an extensive alapa (the unmeasured improvisatory development of the raga) in increasing intensity (alapa-jhor-jhala) and several compositions in increasing tempi. As such, it is on a par with other instrumental styles such as for sitar, sarod, bansuri. The sitar ( Hindi: सितार Urdu: ستار Persian: سی تار) is a Plucked stringed instrument. The sarod is a stringed musical instrument used mainly in Indian classical music. The bansuri (बांसुरी is a transverse alto Flute of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal, made of a single length of bamboo This full-fledged raga development has its roots in the Dhrupad style of raga presentation. This article is about Dhrupad the genre of Indian classical singing

The sarangi is also a traditional stringed musical instrument of Nepal, commonly played by the Gaine or Gandarbha ethnic group. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. Gandarbha (neगन्धर्व or Gaine (neगाईने is a Dalit community which belongs to the Indo-Aryan ethnic group

Contents

Sarangi players

Music of Nepal: Topics
Ethnic Music Newa music - Gurung music - Tamang music - Khas music - Mithila music - Sunuwar music - Magar music - Bhojpuri music - Sherpa music - Thakali music - Chepang music - Rai music - Tibetan music - Lepcha music - Limbu music - Kusunda music
Genres Dapa - Dohari - Selo - Bhajan - Rodhi - Adhunik Sangeet - Rock - Hip hop
Festivals Goon lā
Instruments Dhimay - Bhusyah - Madal - Sarangi - Damfoo - Dholak - Chyambrung - Bansuri
Media Radio Nepal , Hits FM, Image FM
National anthem "Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka"

In India

In Pakistan

In Nepal

In US

In UK

Modern performers who have used sarangi in compositions

See also

External links

Dictionary

sarangi

-noun

  1. a bowed string instrument used in the Hindustani classical music of North India
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