Sarajevo Сарајево
Downtown Sarajevo at night
Flag Seal
Bosnia and Herzegovina surrounding Sarajevo (dark blue, center)
Coordinates: 43°52′0″N 18°25′0″E / 43.86667, 18.41667
Country	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Entity	Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Canton	Sarajevo Canton
Government
- Mayor	Semiha Borovac (SDA)
Area [1]
- Total	141. The coat of arms of Sarajevo, generally known as the seal of Sarajevo, is the Coat of arms of the city of Sarajevo. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Republika Srpska Brčko District The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political Cantons are the second-level units of local autonomy in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Sarajevo Canton is a canton of the Federation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Semiha Borovac (born on March 2, 1955 in Sarajevo, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia) is the current Mayor The Party of Democratic Action ( Bosnian: Stranka Demokratske Akcije) is a Bosniak national Political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 5 km² (54. To help compare different Orders of magnitude and geographical regions we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km² 6 sq mi)
Elevation	500 m (1,640 ft)
Population (Dec 2006 est. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit )[2]
- Total	419,030 (Sarajevo Canton)
- Density	2,149/km² (5,565. The Sarajevo Canton is a canton of the Federation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9/sq mi)
Time zone	Central European Time (UTC+1)
Area code(s)	+387 (33)
Website: City of Sarajevo

Sarajevo is the capital city and largest urban center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with an estimated total population of 419,030 people in the Sarajevo Canton as of June 2007. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan The Sarajevo Canton is a canton of the Federation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is also the capital of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity, and the de jure capital of the Republika Srpska entity, as well as the center of the Sarajevo Canton. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political Republika Srpska ( Serbian: Република Српска Republika Srpska ( often abbreviated PC or RS) also Српска Srpska Sarajevo is located in the Sarajevo valley of Bosnia proper, surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated around the Miljacka river. Historically and geographically the Region known as Bosnia (natively Bosna; Cyrillic: Босна lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging The Dinaric Alps or Dinarides ( Croatian and Bosnian: Dinarsko gorje or Dinaridi, Alpet Dinaride The Miljacka is a River in Bosnia and Herzegovina that passes through Sarajevo. The city is famous for its traditional religious diversity, with adherents of Islam, Orthodoxy, Catholicism and Judaism peacefully coexisting there for centuries. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut ^[3]

Although settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic" The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish ^[4] Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history: In 1914 it was the site of the assassination that sparked World War I, while seventy years later it became the host city of the 1984 Winter Olympics. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The 1984 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XIV Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Sarajevo More recently, Sarajevo underwent the longest siege in modern military history during the Bosnian War. The Siege of Sarajevo was conducted by the Serb forces of self-proclaimed Republika Srpska and Yugoslav People's Army (later transformed to the The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly known as the Bosnian War, was an international armed conflict that took place between March 1992 and November 1995 Today the city is recovering and adjusting to a post-war reality, as a major center of culture and economic development in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the years following the Bosnian War, there has been a construction boom in Sarajevo. ^[5] Sarajevo was also the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time operational electric tram network running through the city, the first being San Francisco. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city ^[6]

Geography and climate

Geography

Sarajevo is located at 43°52′0″N, 18°25′0″E, near the geometric center of the triangular-shaped Bosnia-Herzegovina and within the historical region of Bosnia proper. Historically and geographically the Region known as Bosnia (natively Bosna; Cyrillic: Босна lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging It lies in the Sarajevo valley, in the middle of the Dinaric Alps. The Dinaric Alps or Dinarides ( Croatian and Bosnian: Dinarsko gorje or Dinaridi, Alpet Dinaride The valley itself once formed a vast expanse of greenery, but gave way to urban expansion and development in the post-World War II era. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The city is surrounded by heavily forested hills and five major mountains. The highest of the surrounding peaks is Treskavica at 2,088 meters (6,850 ft), then Bjelasnica at 2,067 meters (6,781 ft), Jahorina at 1,913 meters (6,276 ft), Trebevic at 1,627 meters (5,338 ft), with 1,502 meters (4,928 ft) Igman being the shortest. Treskavica is a mountain in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, just south of Sarajevo. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Bjelašnica is a mountain in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is found directly to the southwest of Sarajevo, bordering Mt The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Jahorina is a mountain in south-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, partly in the Republika Srpska and partly in the Federation entity (stretches The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Trebević is a mountain in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is found directly to the southeast of Sarajevo, bordering Jahorina mountain The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Igman is a mountain in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is found directly to the southwest of Sarajevo, bordering Bjelašnica mountain and the city Last four are also known as Olympics mountains of Sarajevo (see also 1984 Winter Olympics Games in Sarajevo). The 1984 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XIV Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Sarajevo On average, Sarajevo is situated 500 meters (1,640 ft) above sea level. Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface The city itself has its fair share of hilly terrain, as evidenced by the many steeply inclined streets and settlements seemingly perched on the hillsides.

The Miljacka river is one of the city's chief geographic features. The Miljacka is a River in Bosnia and Herzegovina that passes through Sarajevo. It flows through the city from east through the center of Sarajevo to west part of city where eventually meets up with the Bosna river. This article is about the River Bosna For the region see Bosnia (region, for other uses of the term Bosna / Bosnia see Bosnia (disambiguation. Miljacka river is "The Sarajevo River", with its source in the town of Pale, several kilometers to the east of Sarajevo. Pale ( Cyrillic: Пале is a town and a Municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, located southeast of Bosnia's capital The Bosna's source, Vrelo Bosne near Ilidža (west Sarajevo), is another notable natural landmark and a popular destination for Sarajevans and other tourists. Vrelo Bosne is a spring in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the source of the river Bosna, and one of the country's top natural landmarks Several smaller rivers and streams also run through the city and its vicinity.

Cityscape

Sarajevo is located close to the center of the triangular shape of Bosnia and Herzegovina in southeastern Europe. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan It consists of four municipalities (or "Općina"): Centar (Center), Novi Grad (New City), Novo Sarajevo (New Sarajevo), and Stari Grad (Old City). Centar (translated Center) is a Municipality of central Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Novi Grad (translated New Town) is the westernmost of the four Municipalities that make up the city of Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Novo Sarajevo ( Cyrillic: Ново Сарајево; English translation New Sarajevo) is a Municipality in Sarajevo, and Stari Grad (meaning "old city" is a municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Greater Sarajevo includes these and the neighbouring municipalities of Ilidža and Vogošća. Ilidža ( Cyrillic: Илиџа) is a town and municipality in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. Vogošća ( Cyrillic: Вогошћа is a secondary suburb and municipality of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located about 6 kilometers The city has an urban area of 141. 5 square kilometres (54. 6 sq mi)

Climate

Sarajevo has a mild continental climate, lying between the climate zones of central Europe to the north and the Mediterranean to the south. Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and The average yearly temperature is 9. 5 °C, with January (-1. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. 3 °C avg. ) being the coldest month of the year and July (19. 1 °C avg. ) the warmest. The highest recorded temperature was 40. 0 °C on August 19, 1946, while the lowest recorded temperature was −26. Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 4 °C on January 25, 1942. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. On average, Sarajevo has 68 summer days per year (temperature greater than or equal to 30. 0 °C). The city typically experiences mildly cloudy skies, with an average yearly cloud cover of 59%. Cloud cover (also known as cloudiness, cloudage or cloud amount) refers to the fraction of the Sky obscured by Clouds when observed The cloudiest month is December (75% average cloud cover) while the clearest is August (37%). Moderate precipitation occurs fairly consistently throughout the year, with an average 170 days of rainfall. Suitable climatic conditions have allowed winter sports to flourish in the region, as exemplified by the Winter Olympics in 1984 that were celebrated in Sarajevo. A winter sport is a Sport commonly played during Winter. As a formal term it refers to a sport played on Snow or Ice, but informally can refer The 1984 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XIV Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Sarajevo

History

Main article: History of Sarajevo

A contemporary plaque commemorating the location of the Sarajevo Assassination

The Sarajevo valley has a long and rich history dating back to the Neolithic period, when the Butmir Culture flourished. This article is about the history of Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Butmir Culture was a culture in Butmir, near Ilidža, Bosnia and Herzegovina, dating from the Neolithic period Several Illyrian settlements existed in the area before it was conquered by Rome in 9 CE. The Illyrian languages are a group of Indo-European languages that were spoken in the western part of the Balkans in former times by groups identified as The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial ^[8] During Roman times, a town named Aquae Sulphurae ("sulfuric thermal spring") existed on the location of the present-day Sarajevo suburb of Ilidža. Ilidža ( Cyrillic: Илиџа) is a town and municipality in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. ^[9] After the Romans, the Goths settled the area, followed by the Slavs in the 7th century. The Goths ( Gothic: Gothic usvg|14px|u]]Gothic asvg|14px|a]]Gothic s ^[10] The settlement Vrh-Bosna existed in the valley as a Slavic citadel from 1263 until it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire's warriors in 1429. A citadel is a fortress for protecting a Town, sometimes incorporating a Castle. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish ^[11] Under Isa-Beg Isaković, the first Ottoman governor of the Bosnia Province, the settlement was established as a city, named Bosna-Saraj, around the citadel in 1461. Isa-Beg Ishaković (İshakoğlu İsa Bey was an Ottoman general and the first governor of the Ottoman Province of Bosnia. The Province of Bosnia or Pashaluk of Bosnia was a key Ottoman province the westernmost one mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia The name Sarajevo is derived from Turkish saray ovası, meaning the field around saray.

The governor oversaw the construction of the city's Old Town district, including a water-supply system, mosque, closed marketplace, public bath, hostel, and Governor's palace. Stari Grad (meaning "old city" is a municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Gazi Husrev-beg was appointed the second governor of the Bosnia Province in 1521 and built the city's first library, madrassa, school of Sufi philosophy, as well as the Sahat Kula clock tower. Gazi Husrev-beg ( Ottoman - 'غازى خسرو بیگ' Ghāzī Khuṣrow Beg; Modern Turkish: Gazi The Province of Bosnia or Pashaluk of Bosnia was a key Ottoman province the westernmost one mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia

In 1697, during the Great Turkish War, a raid was led by Prince Eugene of Savoy of the Habsburg Monarchy against the Ottoman Empire, which conquered Sarajevo and left it plague-infected and burned to the ground. The Great Turkish War refers to a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and contemporary European powers then joined into a Holy League This article refers to the Austrian Habsburg military leader for the stepson of Napoleon Bonaparte see Eugène de Beauharnais. Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor The city was later rebuilt, but never fully recovered from the destruction. The Ottoman Empire made Sarajevo an important administrative centre by 1850, but the ruling powers changed as the Austria-Hungarian Empire conquered Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878 as part of the Treaty of Berlin, and annexed it completely in 1908. The Treaty of Berlin was the final Act of the Congress of Berlin ( June 13 - July 13, 1878) by which the United Kingdom, Austria-Hungary Sarajevo was industrialized by Austria-Hungary, who used the city as a testing area for new inventions, such as tramways, before installing them in Vienna. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. ^[10][12] In the event that triggered World War I, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were assassinated in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914 by a Serb, Gavrilo Princip, a nationalist/provocateur assassin. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Franz Ferdinand ( December 18, 1863 &ndash June 28, 1914) was an Archduke of Austria-Este, Prince Imperial of Sophie Duchess of Hohenberg, born Sophie Maria Josephine Albina Chotek Countess of Chotkova and Wognin ( March 1, 1868 - June 28, 1914 Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, Gavrilo Princip ( Cyrillic: Гаврило Принцип gaʋ'rilɔ 'prinʦip ( &ndash) was a Bosnian Serb and proclaimed himself to be a Yugoslav In the ensuing war, however, most of the Balkan offensives occurred near Belgrade, and Sarajevo largely escaped damage and destruction during the war. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Following the war, after the Balkans were unified under the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Sarajevo became the capital of the Drina Province. The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croato-Slovene ie Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija The Drina Banovina or Drina Banate ( Serbian and Bosnian: Дринска бановина/ Drinska banovina) was a province ( Banovina

In April 1941 Nazi Germany invaded Yugoslavia and bombarded Sarajevo. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers At this time, there were approximately 10,500 Jews living in Sarajevo, who, along with Romany and Orthodox Serbians, were oppressed by the Croatian Ustaše government (which some of the Muslim population was part of) or transported to concentration camps. For the militiamen of the Military Frontier, see Uskoci The Ustaša - Croatian Revolutionary Movement ( Croatian: Yugoslav Partisan resistance fighters, led by Josip Broz Tito, liberated Sarajevo on 6 April 1945. The Yugoslav Partisans, or simply the Partisans, ( Serbo-Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian, Slovene: Partizani Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar

Afterwards, the city grew rapidly as it became an important regional industrial center in Yugoslavia. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: As part of the 1945 General Town Development Plan modern city blocks were built west of the old city, adding to Sarajevo's architectural diversity. The peak of city growth occurred in the early 1980s, when Sarajevo hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. The 1984 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XIV Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Sarajevo ^[13]

A Sarajevo Rose marking where people were killed by a mortar explosion

The Siege of Sarajevo was the longest siege in the history of modern warfare, conducted by the Serb forces of self-proclaimed Republika Srpska and Yugoslav People's Army (later transformed to the Army of Serbia and Montenegro), lasting from April 5, 1992 to February 29, 1996. A Sarajevo Rose is a concrete scar caused by a mortar shell's explosion that was later filled with red resin The Siege of Sarajevo was conducted by the Serb forces of self-proclaimed Republika Srpska and Yugoslav People's Army (later transformed to the Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours

It was fought during the Bosnian War between poorly equipped defending forces of the Bosnian government, who had declared independence from Yugoslavia, and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and Bosnian Serb forces (Army of Republika Srpska) (VRS) located in the hills around Sarajevo, who sought to destroy the newly-independent state of Bosnia and Herzegovina and create the Serbian state of Republika Srpska (RS). The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly known as the Bosnian War, was an international armed conflict that took place between March 1992 and November 1995 Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. This article is about declarations of independence in general The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA YPA ( Serbo-Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian: Jugoslavenska Narodna Armija or Jugoslovenska Serbs are one of the three constitutive nations of Bosnia-Herzegovina, predominantly concentrated in the Republic of Srpska The Army of the Republika Srpska (Војска Републике Српске (ВРС Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian Vojska Republike Srpske Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Republika Srpska ( Serbian: Република Српска Republika Srpska ( often abbreviated PC or RS) also Српска Srpska It resulted in large scale destruction and dramatic population casualties. It is estimated that of the more than 12,000 people who were killed and the 50,000 who were wounded during the siege, 85% of the casualties were civilians. A civilian under International humanitarian law is a person who is not a member of his or her Country 's Armed forces. Because of killing and forced migration, by 1995 the population decreased to 334,663 - 64% of the prewar population. ^[14]

In January 2003, the ICTY Trial Chamber convicted the first commander of the Sarajevo-Romanija Corps, Stanislav Galić, of the shelling and sniper terror campaign against Sarajevo, including the first Markale massacre. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 Stanislav Galić (Станислав Галић (Born March 12, 1943) was a Serb military officer who commanded the Sarajevo-Romanija Corps The Markale massacres were two massacres committed by the Army of Republika Srpska on Civilians during the Siege of Sarajevo in the Bosnian ^[15] General Galić was sentenced to life imprisonment for the crimes against humanity during the siege. In Public international law, a crime against humanity is an act of Persecution or any large scale atrocities against a body of people and is the highest level of ^[16] In 2007, a Serb general, Dragomir Milošević, who replaced Stanislav Galić on the commander position of the Sarajevo-Romanija Corps, was found guilty of the shelling and sniper terror campaign against Sarajevo and its citizens from August 1994 to late 1995 including the second Markale massacre. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Dragomir Milošević (Born February 4, 1942, Ub, present-day Serbia) was the commander of the Sarajevo-Romanija Corps (SRK of the The Markale massacres were two massacres committed by the Army of Republika Srpska on Civilians during the Siege of Sarajevo in the Bosnian Milošević was sentenced to 33 years in prison. The Trial Chamber concluded that the Markale town market was hit on August 28, 1995 by a 120mm mortar shell fired from the Sarajevo-Romanija Corps positions. ^[17]

Reconstruction of Sarajevo started as soon as the war ended with the Dayton Agreement of November 1995. In the years following the Bosnian War, there has been a construction boom in Sarajevo. The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement, Dayton Accords, Paris Protocol

By 2003, most of the city had been rebuilt or repaired, with only a few remaining visible ruins in the city centre. Many of the WWII shell casings that were used during the attacks have been carved and polished in Sarajevo tradition and are sold as art. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including American actor Terrance Howard has collected such casings and has pointed out the parallels to the scripture in Isaiah 2:4 about turning swords into plowshares. Terrence Dashon Howard (born March 11, 1969) is an Academy Award -nominated American Film and stage Actor, and Isaiah (; Greek:, Ēsaiās; Arabic: اشعیاء, Ash-ee-yaa; "Salvation of/is YHWH " is In Agriculture, a plowshare (or ploughshare) is a component of a plow ( Plough) ^[18] Modern office buildings and skyscrapers have since been constructed throughout the city. A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable Building. There is no official definition or a precise cutoff height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper ^[19]

Ferhad-begova mosque - one of Sarajevo's 186 mosques.

Sarajevo's Orthodox Cathedral.

Cathedral of Jesus' Heart - Catholic Cathedral in Sarajevo. The Cathedral Church of Nativity of the Theotokos (Саборна Црква Рођења Пресвете Богородице or Saborna Crkva Rođenja Presvete Bogorodice) The Cathedral of Jesus' Heart ( Bosnian / Croatian: Katedrala Srca Isusova) in Sarajevo is the largest Cathedral in Bosnia

Sarajevo Synagogue, before its recent renovation. Sarajevo Synagogue, (Sinagoga u Sarajevu located on the south bank of the river Miljacka, was constructed in 1902 and is the only functioning synagogue in Sarajevo

Government

Building of the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sarajevo is the capital of the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its sub-entity, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as of the Sarajevo Canton. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political The Sarajevo Canton is a canton of the Federation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is also the de jure capital of another entity, Republika Srpska. Republika Srpska ( Serbian: Република Српска Republika Srpska ( often abbreviated PC or RS) also Српска Srpska Each of these levels of government has their parliament or council, as well as judicial courts, in the city. In addition many foreign embassies are located in Sarajevo. A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one State or an international Inter-governmental organization (such as the United Nations) present in

The city comprises four municipalities which each operate their own municipal government, united to form one city government with its own constitution. A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or The executive branch (Bosnian: "Gradska Uprava") consists of a mayor, with two deputies and a cabinet. Bosnian language (Bosnian bosanski jezik) sometimes referred as Bosniak language or Bosniac language is a South Slavic language native A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government The legislative branch consists of the City Council, or Gradsko Vijeće. The council has 28 members, including a council speaker, two deputies, and a secretary. Councillors are elected by the municipality in numbers roughly proportional to their population. The city government also has a judicial branch based on the post-transitional judicial system as outlined by the High Representative's “High Judicial and Prosecutorial Councils”. The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the Office of the High Representative (OHR in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was created in 1995 immediately after ^[20]

Sarajevo's Municipalities are further split into "local communities" (Bosnian, Mjesne zajednice). Local communities have a small role in city government and are intended as a way for ordinary citizens to get involved in city government. They are based around key neighborhoods in the city.

Bosnia and Herzegovina's Parliament office in Sarajevo was damaged heavily in the Bosnian war. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly known as the Bosnian War, was an international armed conflict that took place between March 1992 and November 1995 Due to damage the staff and documents were moved to a nearby ground level office to resume the work. In late 2006 reconstruction work started on the Parliament and is to be finished in early 2007. The cost of reconstruction is supported 80% by the Greek Government through the Hellenic Program of Balkans Reconstruction (ESOAV) and 20% by Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Sarajevo

The Holiday Inn, Sarajevo, 1983, architect Ivan Straus. Sarajevo is economically one of the strongest regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina As of 2008 it will be part of the Grand Media Center Complex.

The tomb of Gazi Husrev-Beg, Sarajevo

After years of war, Sarajevo's economy has been subject to reconstruction and rehabilitation programs. ^[21] Amongst other economic landmarks, the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina opened in Sarajevo in 1997 and the Sarajevo Stock Exchange began trading in 2002. The Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Centralna Banka Bosne i Hercegovine is the Central bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the Capital city The Sarajevo Stock Exchange or SASE ( Bosnian: Sarajevska Berza) is a Stock exchange which operates in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina The city's large manufacturing, administration, and tourism base, combined with a large informal market,^[22] makes it one of the strongest economic regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Economics, the term informal economy (or second economy in the South African context refers to all economic activities that fall outside the formal

While Sarajevo had a large industrial base during its communist period, only a few pre-existing businesses have successfully adapted to the market economy. Sarajevo industries now include tobacco products, furniture, hosiery, automobiles, and communication equipment. ^[10] Companies based in Sarajevo include B&H Airlines (Formerly Air Bosna), BH Telecom, Bosmal City Center, Bosnalijek, Energopetrol, Sarajevo Tobacco Factory, and Sarajevska Pivara (Sarajevo Brewery). B&H Airlines is an Airline based in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina operating scheduled and charter passenger services BH Telecom is the largest Telecommunications company in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Bosmal City Centar (BCC is a business and residential tower located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnalijek is the biggest Pharmaceutical company in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Energopetrol is a Bosnian oil company based in Sarajevo. It was founded in the 1960s as a part of the Energoinvest corporation Sarajevo Tobacco Factory ( Bosnian: Fabrika duhana Sarajevo or FDS is a Cigarette -producing factory in Bosnia and Herzegovina. History Sarajevska Pivara dd is a Bosnian Brewing company based in Sarajevo.

Sarajevo has a strong tourist industry and was named by Lonely Planet the 43rd Best City in the World in 2006. Lonely Planet Publications (usually known as Lonely Planet or LP) is one of the largest travel Guidebook publishers in the world ^[23] Sports-related tourism uses the legacy facilities of the 1984 Winter Olympics, especially the skiing facilities on the nearby mountains of Bjelašnica, Igman, Jahorina, Trebević, and Treskavica. The 1984 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XIV Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Sarajevo Bjelašnica is a mountain in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is found directly to the southwest of Sarajevo, bordering Mt Igman is a mountain in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is found directly to the southwest of Sarajevo, bordering Bjelašnica mountain and the city Jahorina is a mountain in south-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, partly in the Republika Srpska and partly in the Federation entity (stretches Trebević is a mountain in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is found directly to the southeast of Sarajevo, bordering Jahorina mountain Treskavica is a mountain in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, just south of Sarajevo. Sarajevo's 600 years of history, influenced by both Western and Eastern empires, is also a strong tourist attraction. Sarajevo has hosted travellers for centuries, because it was an important trading center during the Ottoman and Austria-Hungarian empires. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Examples of popular destinations in Sarajevo include the Vrelo Bosne park, the Sarajevo cathedral, and the Gazi Husrev-beg's Mosque. Vrelo Bosne is a spring in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the source of the river Bosna, and one of the country's top natural landmarks The Cathedral of Jesus' Heart ( Bosnian / Croatian: Katedrala Srca Isusova) in Sarajevo is the largest Cathedral in Bosnia The Gazi Husrev-Beg Mosque ( Bosnian: Gazi Husrev-begova Džamija, Turkish: Gazi Hüsrev Bey Camii) often referred to as the Beg's

Tourism. Lonely Planet, in ranking the best cities in the world, ranked Sarajevo, the national capital and host of the 1984 Winter Olympic Games, as #43, ahead of Dubrovnik at #59, Ljubljana at #84, Bled at #90, Belgrade at #113, and Zagreb at #135. Tourism in Sarajevo is chiefly focused on historical, religious, and cultural aspects

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Sarajevo

The last official census in Bosnia and Herzegovina took place 1991 which recorded 527,049 people living in city of Sarajevo (ten municipalities). The demographics of Sarajevo and its precise Population are uncertain as no official Census has been taken since 1991 A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population In settlement of Sarajevo itself was 416,497 inhabitants. ^[24] The war displaced hundreds of thousands of people, many of whom have not returned. As of 2006 the Sarajevo Canton government estimated the population at 418,891 people (304,136 in City of Sarajevo, the rest in metropolitan area). The Sarajevo Canton is a canton of the Federation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ^[25] With an area of 493 square miles (1,280 km²), Sarajevo has a population density of about 2173 people per square kilometer. The Novo Sarajevo municipality is the most densely populated part of Sarajevo with about 7524 inhabitants per square kilometer, while the least densely populated is the Stari Grad, with 742 inhabitants per square kilometer. Novo Sarajevo ( Cyrillic: Ново Сарајево; English translation New Sarajevo) is a Municipality in Sarajevo, and Stari Grad (meaning "old city" is a municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ^[26]

War changed the ethnic and religious profile of the city. While it had long been known as a multicultural city,^[27] or Europe's Jerusalem,^[28] Muslims Bosniaks returned to form an even greater proportion of the population. The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bošnjak pl Bošnjaci bɔ'ʃɲaːt͡si are a South Slavic people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Bosnia" In 1991 Bosniaks formed 45% of the population, followed by Eastern Orthodox Serbs with 38%, and Roman Catholic Croats with 7%. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world However, in 1997 Bosniaks formed 87% of the population, with Serbs at 5% and Croats at 6%. ^[29] If the East Sarajevo (Republika Srpska) population were to be included (130,000, mostly Serbs), the Bosniaks would still have an absolute majority, followed by Serbs at around 33% of the overall population. Istočno Sarajevo ( Serbian Cyrillic: Источно Сарајево English: East Sarajevo) is the capital of the Republika Srpska entity of Republika Srpska ( Serbian: Република Српска Republika Srpska ( often abbreviated PC or RS) also Српска Srpska Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia,

Today, Sarajevo's population is not known clearly and is based of estimates contributed by the United Nations Statistics Division and the Federal Office of Statistics, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina among other national and international non-profit organizations. The United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD under the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA serves as the central mechanism within the Secretariat A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage It is believed that Sarajevo’s population to date has actually increased rather than decreased due to many migrants moving from rural villages destroyed during the Bosnian war. The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly known as the Bosnian War, was an international armed conflict that took place between March 1992 and November 1995

See also: Historical population of Sarajevo

Sarajevo is currently undergoing a large scale building boom as new commercial, industrial, residential, and office buildings and facilities are under construction. Historically Sarajevo had always been a very populous city but as the Ottoman Empire declined so did its population The city is growing at a fast pace and will retain its prewar population within a period of 10-20 years. Because of its large growth, many new Apartment buildings have been constructed in Sarajevo; specifically in the Eastern suburb of Ilida. The city is also renovating its sports facilities; such as its main stadium, and its well known skiing hotels and venues. The construction of Highway 5C will further supplement and boost Sarajevo's already impressive growth.

Communications and media

The headquarters of the Sarajevo newspaper and Radon Plaza Hotel

Main article: Communications and Media of Sarajevo

As the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo is the main center of the country's media. As the Capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo is naturally the main center of the country's media. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan The news media refers to the section of the Mass media that focuses on presenting current News to the public Most of the communications and media infrastructure was destroyed during the war but reconstruction led by the Office of the High Representative have helped modernize the industry. ^[30] For example, internet was first made available to the city in 1995. ^[31]

Oslobodenje (Liberation), founded in 1943, is Sarajevo longest running newspaper and the only one to survive the war. Oslobođenje ( Liberation) is a popular Sarajevo Newspaper in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. However, this long running and trusted newspaper has fallen behind the Dnevni Avaz (Daily Voice), founded in 1995, and Jutarnje Novine (Morning News) in circulation in Sarajevo. Introducing Dnevni Avaz ( English translation Daily Voice is one of the most popular daily Newspapers ^[32] Other local periodicals include the Croatian newspaper Hrvatska Rijec and the Bosnian magazine Start, as well as weekly newspapers Slobodna Bosna (Free Bosnia) and BH Dani (BH Days). Start was a short-lived daily tabloid published in Belgrade between late 2005 and early 2006 Novi Plamen, a monthly magazine, is the most left-wing publication currently. Novi Plamen ( English: The New Flame) is a Left-wing magazine aimed at audiences on the territory of former Yugoslavia Sarajevo is currently reparing the city and getting through financial difficulties.

The Public Broadcast Service of Bosnia and Herzegovina is Sarajevo's public television station, one of three in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Other stations based in the city include NRTV “Studio 99”, NTV Hayat, Open Broadcast Network, TV Kantona Sarajevo and Televizija Alfa. NTV Hayat is a Television station from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Many small independent radio stations exist, included established stations such as Radio M, Radio Grad (Radio Old Town), Studentski eFM Radio^[33], Radio 202 and RSG. Radio Free Europe, as well as several American and West European stations, are available in the city, too. This article is about the radio broadcast service For the REM

Transportation

Sarajevo was the first city in Europe to have a full-time (from dawn to dusk) operational electric tram line. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train Since then it has upgraded to more modern trams.

Sarajevo's location in a valley between mountains makes it a compact city. Narrow city streets and a lack of parking areas restrict automobile traffic but allow better pedestrian and cyclist mobility. The two main streets are Titova street (Street of Marshal Tito) and the east-west Zmaj od Bosne (Dragon of Bosnia) highway. Husein-kapetan Gradaščević ( August 31 1802 &ndash August 17, 1834) was a Bosniak general who The trans-European highway, Corridor 5C, runs through Sarajevo connecting it to Budapest in the north, and Ploče in the south. Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Ploče is a town and a notable Seaport in the Dubrovnik-Neretva county of Croatia, population 6537 (2001 total municipality population 10834 (2001 ^[34]

Electric tramways, in operation since 1885, are the oldest form of public transportation in the city. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train ^[35] There are seven tramway lines supplemented by five trolleybus lines and numerous bus routes. The main railroad station in Sarajevo is located in the north-central area of the city. From there, the tracks head west before branching off in different directions, including to industrial zones in the city. Sarajevo is currently undergoing a major infrastructure renewal; many highways and streets are being repaved, the tram system is undergoing modernization, and new bridges and roads are under construction.

Sarajevo International Airport (IATA: SJJ), also called Butmir, is located just a few kilometers southwest of the city. Sarajevo International Airport, also known as Butmir Airport, is the main International airport in Bosnia and Herzegovina, located just a few kilometers An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier, is a three-letter code designating many During the war the airport was used for United Nations flights and humanitarian relief. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Humanitarianism is an active belief in Humanism (the idea of the value of human life whereby Humans practice benevolent treatment and provide assistance to other humans Since the Dayton Accord in 1996, the airport has welcomed a thriving commercial flight business which includes the new Sarajevo International on March 2008 221 Countries, cities and airlines. The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement, Dayton Accords, Paris Protocol In 2006, 534,000 passengers had travelled through Sarajevo airport, whereas only 25,000 had just 10 years earlier in 1996. ^[36]

Culture

Main article: Culture of Sarajevo

The National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Sarajevo. Sarajevo’s culture is represented in various ways Numerous cultural festivals occur every year such as the Bašćaršija Nights, Sarajevo Winter Festival

Sarajevo has been home to many different religions for centuries, giving the city a range of diverse cultures. Bosnian Muslims, Orthodox, Catholics and Jews all shared the city while maintaining distinctive identities. Today, however, the city is overwhelmingly Bosnian Muslim, but in recent years many returnees have been noticed as well as a growing number of foreigners from Eastern Asia.

The city is rich in museums, including the Museum of Sarajevo, the Ars Aevi Museum of Contemporary Art, the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina (established in 1888 and home to the Sarajevo Haggadah), the Historical Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Museum of Literature and Theatre Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ars Aevi Sarajevo is a museum of Contemporary art in Sarajevo. The National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Zemaljski Muzej Bosne i Hercegovine) is located in central Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Sarajevo Haggadah is an Illuminated manuscript that contains the traditional text of the Passover Haggadah which accompanies the Passover Seder The city also hosts the National theatre of Bosnia and Herzegovina, established in 1919, as well as the Sarajevo Youth Theatre. Other cultural institutions include the Center for Sarajevo Culture, Sarajevo City Library, Art Gallery of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Bosniak Institute, a privately owned library and art collection focusing on Bosniak history. The Bosniak Institute is a privately-owned cultural centre with a library and art gallery that focuses on Bosniaks.

Demolitions associated with the war,^[37] as well as reconstruction, destroyed several institutions and cultural or religious symbols including the Gazi Husrev-beg library, the national library, the Sarajevo Oriental Institute, and a museum dedicated to the 1984 Olympic games. The Oriental Institute in Sarajevo, its premises research library and complete manuscript collection (more that 2 Consequently, the different levels of government established strong cultural protection laws and institutions. Bodies charged with cultural preservation in Sarajevo include the Institute for the Protection of the Cultural, Historical and Natural Heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina (and their Sarajevo Canton counterpart), and the Bosnia and Herzegovina Commission to Preserve National Monuments.

Historically, Sarajevo was home to several famous Bosnian poets and thinkers during the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Nobel Prize winner Vladimir Prelog is from the city, as was academy award winning director Danis Tanovic. The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature Vladimir Prelog ( July 23 1906 &ndash January 7 1998) was a renowned Chemist and Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry Danis Tanović (born February 20 1969) is an acclaimed Academy Award - and Golden Globe -winning Bosnian Film director Nobel Prize winner Ivo Andric spent much of his life in Sarajevo. Ivo Andrić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Иво Андрић October 9, 1892 &ndash March 13, 1975) was a novelist Short story

The Sarajevo Film Festival, established in 1995, has become the premier film festival in the Balkans. The Sarajevo Film Festival is the premier and largest Film festival in the Balkans, and is one of the largest in Europe The Sarajevo Winter Festival, Sarajevo Jazz Festival are well-known, as are the Baščaršija Nights, a month-long showcase of local culture, music, and dance. The Jazz Fest Sarajevo is an international jazz music Festival, held annually in the first week of November in Sarajevo. Baščaršija Nights is the biggest festival in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The Sarajevo school of pop rock developed in the city between 1961 and 1991. The Sarajevo school of pop rock collectively refers to the popular music created between 1960 and 1991 by artists and bands native to Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina This type of music began with bands like Indexi, Bijelo dugme and singer/song writer Kemal Monteno. Indexi was a rock band popular in the former Yugoslavia. It formed in 1962 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Bijelo dugme ("White Button" were a highly influential Rock band stationed in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, originally when in Yugoslavia Kemal Monteno (born September 17, 1948 in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, then Yugoslavia) is a popular Bosnian Singer-songwriter It continued into the 1980s, with bands such as Plavi orkestar, Zabranjeno pušenje and Crvena jabuka, ending with the war in 1992. Plavi orkestar (Blue Orchestra is one of the most popular bands from former Yugoslavia. Zabranjeno Pušenje (meaning "No Smoking" was a Yugoslavian Garage rock band from Sarajevo, closely associated with the New primitivism Crvena jabuka is a Sarajevo -based pop band that originated in 1985 and since then has remained very popular After the war, Irish rock band U2 was the first band to play in the city live.

Festivals

Sarajevo is regionally renowned for its Sarajevo Film Festival (SFF) and its Sarajevo Jazz Festival. The Sarajevo Film Festival is the premier and largest Film festival in the Balkans, and is one of the largest in Europe The Jazz Fest Sarajevo is an international jazz music Festival, held annually in the first week of November in Sarajevo.

The SFF has been hosted in Sarajevo at the National Theater in the center of Sarajevo and has hosted such world-renowned actors, directors, and musicians as: Steve Buscemi, Bono, Coolio, John Malkovich, Nick Nolte, Daniel Craig, Willem Dafoe, Anthony Minghella, Katrin Cartlidge, Alexander Payne, Sophie Okonedo, Stephen Frears, to name a few.

For the past twelve years, the festival has entertained people and celebrities alike, elevating it to an international level. The first incarnation of the Sarajevo Film Festival was hosted in still-warring Sarajevo in 1995, and has progressed into a classy representation of what Sarajevo can really be. 13th Sarajevo Film Festival hosted Juliette Binoche, Jeremy Irons, Steve Buscemi, and Michael Moore as its principal jurors.

The Sarajevo Jazz Festival has been entertaining Jazz connoisseurs (locals and expats) for ten years now and has hosted such greats as: Richard Bona, The John Butler Trio, Cristina Branco, Dhafer Youssef, and many more. The Jazz Fest Sarajevo is an international jazz music Festival, held annually in the first week of November in Sarajevo. The festival takes place at the Bosnian Cultural Center (aka "Main Stage"), just down the street from the SFF, at the Sarajevo Youth Stage Theater (aka "Strange Fruits Stage", at the Dom Vojske Federacije (aka "Solo Stage"), and at the CDA (aka "Groove Stage").

Sports

Vučko, the official mascot of the 1984 Winter Olympics

The city was the location of the 1984 Winter Olympics. The 1984 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XIV Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Sarajevo The 1984 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XIV Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Sarajevo Yugoslavia won one medal, a silver in men's giant slalom awarded to Jure Franko. ^[38] Many of the Olympic facilities survived the war or were reconstructed, including Olympic Hall Zetra and Asim Ferhatović Stadion. Olympic Hall Zetra also known as Zetra Ice Stadium and Zetra Arena is an indoor Ice hockey Arena in Sarajevo, Bosnia. Asim Ferhatović Hase Stadium is Stadium owned by the city of Sarajevo. After co-hosting the Southeast Europe Friendship games, Sarajevo was awarded the 2009 Special Olympic winter games,^[39] but cancelled these plans. Special Olympics is an international organization created to help people with Intellectual disabilities develop self-confidence social skills and a sense of personal accomplishment ^[40][41]

Football (soccer) is popular in Sarajevo; the city hosts FK Sarajevo and FK Željezničar, which both compete in European and international cups and tournaments, as well as FK Olimpik and SAŠK. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Fudbalski klub Sarajevo ( English: Football Club Sarajevo; usually known simply as Sarajevo) is a professional football club based in Sarajevo FK Olimpik ( Fudbalski Klub Olimpik) is a football club from the city of Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina. NK SAŠK Napredak is a football club from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Another popular sport is basketball; the basketball club KK Bosna Sarajevo won the European Championship in 1979. History The biggest achievement of club was in 1979 when Bosna won the European Champions Cup. EuroLeague WomenThe Euroleague (EL is one of the professional Basketball competitions in Europe, with teams from thirteen different European countries The chess club, Bosna Sarajevo, has been a championship team since the 1980s. Sarajevo often holds international events and competitions in sports such as tennis and kickboxing. Rock climbing is popular; not far from the CBD is the sport climbing crag, Dariva Sarajevo International Speedway on January 2009

Education

The Sarajevo art academy, on the bank of the Miljacka

Higher education has a long tradition in Sarajevo. BiH Premier League clubs in the 2007-08 season Progressions and relegations in 2007 FK Borac and FK Radnik Bijeljina are relegated to The Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Bosnian: Fudbalski Savez Bosne i Hercegovine, FSBiH; Serbian: Фудбалски савез Grbavica Stadium is located in Grbavica, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Fudbalski klub Sarajevo ( English: Football Club Sarajevo; usually known simply as Sarajevo) is a professional football club based in Sarajevo BiH Premier League clubs in the 2007-08 season Progressions and relegations in 2007 FK Borac and FK Radnik Bijeljina are relegated to The Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Bosnian: Fudbalski Savez Bosne i Hercegovine, FSBiH; Serbian: Фудбалски савез Asim Ferhatović Hase Stadium is Stadium owned by the city of Sarajevo. FK Olimpik ( Fudbalski Klub Olimpik) is a football club from the city of Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Bosnian: Fudbalski Savez Bosne i Hercegovine, FSBiH; Serbian: Фудбалски савез Otoka Stadium is a football Stadium in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. History The biggest achievement of club was in 1979 when Bosna won the European Champions Cup. The Basketball championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the top Basketball competition in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Adriatic League, currently known as the NLB League (from 2001 to 2006 known as the Goodyear League is a top-level Basketball league that features Dvorana Mirza Delibašić, commonly known as Skenderija is an indoor sporting arena located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Miljacka is a River in Bosnia and Herzegovina that passes through Sarajevo. The first institution that can be classified as such was a school of Sufi philosophy established by Gazi Husrev-beg in 1531; numerous other religious schools have been established over time. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Gazi Husrev-beg ( Ottoman - 'غازى خسرو بیگ' Ghāzī Khuṣrow Beg; Modern Turkish: Gazi In 1887, under the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a Sharia Law School began a five-year program. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. ^[42] In the 1940s the University of Sarajevo became the city's first secular higher education institute. The University of Sarajevo ( Bosnian: Sarajevski Univerzitet) is the first university in Bosnia-Herzegovina, originally established In the 1950s post-bachelaurate graduate degrees became available. ^[43] While severely damaged during the war, it was rebuilt in partnership with more than 40 other universities.

As of 2005, in Sarajevo there are 46 elementary schools (Grades 1–9) and 33 high schools (Grades 10–13), including three schools for children with special needs ^[44], as well as Druga Gimnazija high school providing International Baccalaureate programs for international and resident students. See also Primary education An elementary school is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory education known as elementary High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution Druga Gimnazija Sarajevo is a renowned High school in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This article refers to the organisation based in Geneva Switzerland

There are also several international schools in Sarajevo, catering to the expatriate community; some of which are QSI International School of Sarajevo and The French International School of Sarajevo.

Sarajevo in Popular Culture

• In the long-time RTS series Command & Conquer, the Brotherhood of Nod often builds its center of operations at Sarajevo. Command & Conquer (often abbreviated as C&C or CNC) is a Video game franchise, mostly of the The Brotherhood of Nod, often referred to simply as Nod or The Brotherhood, is a Fictional faction which is featured Kane's temple, Temple Prime, is built near the outskirts of the city.

• * Sarajevo was used as the primary filming location in Welcome to Sarajevo and The Hunting Party, starring Woody Harrelson and Richard Gere, respectively. Welcome to Sarajevo is a British War film from 1997. It is directed by Michael Winterbottom. Woodrow Tracy "Woody" Harrelson (born July 23 1961) is an American Emmy Award -winning and Academy Award -nominated Richard Tiffany Gere (born August 31, 1949) is a Golden Globe - and Screen Actors Guild Award -winning American Actor.

Twin cities

See also: Town twinning

See also

• List of Sarajlijas
• Folklore of Sarajevo
• Sites of interest in Sarajevo
• Etymology of Sarajevo
• 1984 Winter Olympics
• Sarajevo Tunnel
• Serbs of Sarajevo
• Bosnian architecture
• Music of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Bosnia and Herzegovina

References

• Official results from the book: Ethnic composition of Bosnia-Herzegovina population, by municipalities and settlements, 1991. census, Zavod za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine - Bilten no. 234, Sarajevo 1991.

Further reading

• City of Sarajevo. Fraternity cities.
• Maniscalco, Fabio (1997). Sarajevo. Itinerari artistici perduti (Sarajevo. Artistic Itineraries Lost). Naples : Guida
• Prstojević, Miroslav (1992). Zaboravljeno Sarajevo (Forgotten Sarajevo). Sarajevo: Ideja
• Valerijan, Žujo; Imamović, Mustafa; Ćurovac, Muhamed (1997). Sarajevo. Sarajevo: Svjetlost
• My Life in Fire (a non-fiction story of a child in a Sarajevo war)

Videos

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnaG0PiBPbw -- Al-Jazeera's Special "Veterans of Sarajevo" (Part One)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGhexbsIxVg&feature=related -- Al-Jazeera's Special "Veterans of Sarajevo" (Part Two)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vHRwmFc-1o -- Trans-Siberian Orchestra - Christmas Eve Sarajevo
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jQ35dYGcX8 -- Fan Video dedicated to Sarajevo

External links

• Sarajevo Construction (Bosnian)/(English)
• Sarajevo International Airport (Bosnian)/(English)
• Interactive Map of Sarajevo (Bosnian)
• Tourism Association of Sarajevo (Bosnian)/(English)
• TurizamPLUS - extensive tourism and travel information (English)
• Sarajevo Photo Tour - Summer 2005
• Saray Net - Sarajevo Online Magazine (Bosnian)
• Sarajevo Guide - City Guide to Sarajevo (English)
• Back to Sarajevo - Documentary Film (English)/(Italian)
• Sarajevo Region - Bosnia-Herzegovina Tourism Association (English)
• Sarajevo Summer/Winter 07
• Photos of Sarajevo in 2007
• Sarajevo Most Singing City (Bosnian)/(English)
• Virtual City of Sarajevo (Bosnian)/(English)
• Chronology of Aggression by Slavic forces against Bosniaks in Sarajevo
• [2] - Various updates on new construction and infrastructure in and around Sarajevo

Coordinates: 43°50′51″N 18°21′23″E / 43.8476, 18.3564 (Sarajevo)