Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Sarah Vaughan

Background information
Birth name Sarah Lois Vaughan
Also known as "Sassy", "The Divine One"
Born March 27, 1924(1924-03-27)
Origin Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
Died April 3, 1990 (aged 66)
Genre(s) Bebop
Cool jazz
Traditional pop
Vocal jazz
Years active 1942–1989
Label(s) Mercury, Roulette, Pablo

Sarah Lois Vaughan (nicknamed "Sassy" and "The Divine One") (March 27, 1924, – April 3, 1990) was an American jazz singer, described by Scott Yanow as having "one of the most wondrous voices of the 20th century". Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody Cool jazz is a Jazz style that emerged in the late 1940s in New York City. Traditional pop or Classic pop or Standards music denotes in general Western (and particularly American popular music that either wholly predates the advent of Jazz Singing can be defined by the instrumental approach to the voice where the singer can match the instruments in their stylistic approach to the lyrics improvised or otherwise or Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music Mercury Records is a Record label operating as a standalone company in the UK and as part of the Island Def Jam Music Group in the US and are both subsidiaries of Roulette Records is a Record label which was founded in late 1956 by George Goldner, Joe Kolsky, Morris Levy and Phil Khals, with Pablo Records was a Record label founded Jazz royalty is a term that reflects the many great Jazz musicians who have some sort of royal, aristocratic or other honorific title added to their names or Jazz royalty is a term that reflects the many great Jazz musicians who have some sort of royal, aristocratic or other honorific title added to their names or Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States The twentieth century of the Common Era began on [1]

Sarah Vaughan was a three time Grammy Award winner. The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences [1] The National Endowment for the Arts bestowed upon her its highest honor in jazz, the NEA Jazz Masters Award in 1989. The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA is a United States federally funded and donation assisted program that offers support and funding for projects exhibiting artistic excellence The NEA or National Endowment for the Arts, every year honors up to seven Jazz musicians with Jazz Master Awards Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar)

Contents

Early life

Sarah Vaughan's father, Asbury "Jake" Vaughan, was a carpenter and amateur guitarist. Her mother, Ada, was a laundress. Jake and Ada Vaughan migrated to Newark from Virginia during the First World War. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Sarah was their only natural child, although in the 1960s they adopted Donna, the child of a woman who traveled on the road with Sarah Vaughan.

The Vaughans lived in a house on Newark's Brunswick street for Sarah's entire childhood. Jake Vaughan was deeply religious and the family was very active in the New Mount Zion Baptist Church on 186 Thomas Street. Sarah began piano lessons at the age of seven, sang in the church choir and occasionally played piano for rehearsals and services.

Vaughan developed an early love for popular music on records and the radio. In the 1930s, Newark had a very active live music scene and Vaughan frequently saw local and touring bands that played in the city at venues like the Montgomery Street Skating Rink, Adams Theatreand Proctor's Theater. By her mid-teens, Vaughan began venturing (illegally) into Newark's night clubs and performing as a pianist and, occasionally, singer, most notably at the Piccadilly Club and the Newark Airport USO. Newark Liberty International Airport, first named Newark Airport and later Newark International Airport, is an international Airport within the "USO" redirects here for other uses see USO (disambiguation The United Service Organizations Inc

Vaughan initially attended Newark's East Side High School, later transferring to Arts High, which had opened in 1931 as the United States first arts "magnet" high school. East Side High School is a four-year Public high school in Newark, New Jersey, United States, as part of the Newark Public Schools However, her nocturnal adventures as a performer began to overwhelm her academic pursuits and Vaughan dropped out of high school during her junior year to concentrate more fully on music. Around this time, Vaughan and her friends also began venturing across the Hudson River into New York City to hear big bands at Harlem's Ballroom and Apollo Theater. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami The City of New York Harlem is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, long known as a major African American cultural and business center

Biographies of Vaughan frequently state that she was immediately thrust into stardom after a winning an Amateur Night performance at Harlem's Apollo Theater. Harlem is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, long known as a major African American cultural and business center In fact, the story that biographer Leslie Gourse relates seems to be a bit more complex. Vaughan was frequently accompanied by a friend, Doris Robinson, on her trips into New York City. Sometime in the Fall of 1942 (when Sarah was 18 years old), Vaughan suggested that Robinson enter the Apollo Amateur Night contest. Vaughan played piano accompaniment for Robinson, who won second prize. Vaughan later decided to go back and compete herself as a singer. Vaughan sang "Body and Soul" and won, although the exact date of her victorious Apollo performance is uncertain. " Body and Soul " is a popular song written in 1930 by Edward Heyman, Robert Sour, Frank Eyton and Johnny Green. The prize, as Vaughan recalled later to Marian McPartland, was $10 and the promise of a week's engagement at the Apollo. Marian McPartland (b March 20, 1918) born Margaret Marian Turner in Slough England, is a Jazz Pianist, Composer The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been After a considerable delay, Vaughan was contacted by the Apollo in the Spring of 1943 to open for Ella Fitzgerald. Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25 1917 &ndash June 15 1996 also known as " Lady Ella " and the "First Lady of Song" is considered one of the most influential

Sometime during her week of performances at the Apollo, Vaughan was introduced to bandleader and pianist Earl Hines, although the exact details of that introduction are disputed. Earl Kenneth Hines, universally known as Earl "Fatha" Hines, ( 28 December, 1903 Duquesne Pennsylvania &ndash 22 April Singer Billy Eckstine, who was with Hines at the time, has been credited by Vaughan and others with hearing her at the Apollo and recommending her to Hines. Billy Eckstine ( 8 July, 1914 &ndash 8 March, 1993) born William Clarence Eckstein in the East Liberty neighborhood of Pittsburgh Hines also claimed to have discovered her himself and offered her a job on the spot. Regardless, after a brief tryout at the Apollo, Hines officially replaced his existing female singer with Vaughan on April 4, 1943. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

With Earl Hines and Billy Eckstine: 1943 - 1944

Vaughan spent the remainder of 1943 and part of 1944 touring the country with the Earl Hines big band that also featured baritone Billy Eckstine. A big band is a type of Musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late Vaughan was hired as a pianist, reputedly so Hines could hire her under the jurisdiction of the musicians' union (American Federation of Musicians) rather than the singers union (American Guild of Variety Artists), but after Cliff Smalls joined the band as a trombonist and pianist, Sarah's duties became limited exclusively to singing. The American Federation of Musicians ( AFM / AFofM) is a labor union of Professional Musicians in the United States and American Guild of Variety Artists (AGVA is an American entertainment union representing performers in variety entertainment including circuses Las Vegas showrooms This Earl Hines band is best remembered today as an incubator of bebop, as it included trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie, saxophonist Charlie Parker (playing tenor saxophone rather than the alto saxophone that he would become famous with later) and trombonist Benny Green. Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie ( October 21 1917 &ndash January 6 1993) was an American Jazz Trumpeter The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the Saxophone family a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s The alto saxophone is a member of the Saxophone a family of Woodwind instruments invented by Adolphe Sax. Benny Green ( 9 December 1927 – 22 June 1998) born in Leeds, Yorkshire, was a Cockney -accented British Gillespie also arranged for the band, although a recording ban by the musicians union prevented the band from recording and preserving its sound and style for posterity.

Eckstine left the Hines band in late 1943 and formed his own big band with Gillespie leaving Hines to become the new band's musical director. Parker came along too, and the Eckstine band over the next few years would host a startling cast of jazz talent: Miles Davis, Kenny Dorham, Art Blakey, Lucky Thompson, Gene Ammons, Dexter Gordon, among others. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. McKinley Howard (Kenny Dorham ( August 30, 1924 - December 5, 1972) was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Singer Arthur (Art Blakey ( October 11 1919 &ndash October 16 1990) born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Eli "Lucky" Thompson ( June 16 1924, Columbia South Carolina &mdash July 30 2005, Seattle Washington) Eugene "Jug" Ammons ( April 14, 1925 - August 6, 1974) was an American Jazz tenor saxophone player, Dexter Gordon ( February 27, 1923 – April 25, 1990) was an American Jazz Tenor saxophonist, and an Academy

Vaughan accepted Eckstine's invitation to join his new band in 1944, giving her an opportunity to develop her musicianship with the seminal figures in this era of jazz. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Eckstine's band also afforded her first recording opportunity, a December 5, 1944 date that yielded the song "I'll Wait and Pray" for the Deluxe label. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. That date led to critic and producer Leonard Feather to ask her to cut four sides under her own name later that month for the Continental label, backed by a septet that included Dizzy Gillespie and Georgie Auld. Leonard Geoffrey Feather ( 13 September 1914 &ndash 22 September 1994) was a British -born Jazz pianist, Georgie Auld (May 19 1919 &ndash January 8 1990 was a jazz tenor Saxophonist, Clarinetist and bandleader

Band pianist John Malachi is credited with giving Vaughan the moniker "Sassy", a nickname that matched her personality. Vaughan liked it and the name (and its shortened variant "Sass") stuck with colleagues and, eventually, the press. In written communications, Vaughan often spelled it "Sassie".

Vaughan officially left the Eckstine band in late 1944 to pursue a solo career, although she remained very close to Eckstine personally and recorded with him frequently throughout her life.

Early solo career: 1945 - 1948

Vaughan began her solo career in 1945 by freelancing in clubs on New York's 52nd Street like the Three Deuces, the Famous Door, the Downbeat and the Onyx Club. 52nd Street is a 19 mile long one-way Street traveling west to east across Midtown Manhattan. Vaughan also hung around the Braddock Grill, next door to the Apollo Theatre in Harlem. On May 11, 1945, Vaughan recorded "Lover Man" for the Guild label with a quintet featuring Gillespie and Parker with Al Haig on piano, Curly Russell on double bass and Sid Catlett on drums. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar ---- Alan Warren Haig ( 19 July 1924 &ndash 16 November 1982) was an American Jazz Pianist, best known as one of Curley Russell ( 19 March 1917 &ndash 3 July 1986) was an American Jazz Double-bassist, who played bass Sidney Catlett (born January 17, 1910 &ndash March 25, 1951) was a swinging jazz drummer often referred to as "Big Later that month she went into the studio with a slightly different and larger Gillespie/Parker aggregation and recorded three more sides.

After being invited by violinist Stuff Smith to record the song "Time and Again" in October, Vaughan was offered a contract to record for the Musicraft label by owner Albert Marx, although she would not begin recording as a leader for Musicraft until May 7, 1946. Hezekiah Leroy Gordon Smith ( August 14, 1909 - September 25, 1967) better known as Stuff Smith, was a Jazz Violinist Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the intervening time, Vaughan made a handful of recordings for the Crown and Gotham labels and began performing regularly at Cafe Society Downtown, an integrated club in New York's Sheridan Square. Café society was the collective description for the so-called "beautiful people" and "bright young things" who gathered in fashionable cafes and restaurants in Racial integration, or simply integration includes Desegregation (the process of ending systematic Racial segregation)

While at Cafe Society, Vaughan became friends with trumpeter George Treadwell. George McKinley Treadwell (December 21 or 23 1918 or 1919 New Rochelle New York - May 14 1967 New York City) was an American Jazz trumpeter Treadwell became Vaughan's manager and she ultimately delegated to him most of the musical director responsibilities for her recording sessions, leaving her free to focus almost entirely on singing. Over the next few years, Treadwell also made significant positive changes in Vaughan's stage appearance. Aside from an improved wardrobe and hair style, Vaughan had her teeth capped, eliminating an unsightly gap between her two front teeth. A cap is an appearance for a select team such as a school county or international team in sports

Many of Vaughan's 1946 Musicraft recordings became quite well-known among jazz aficionados and critics, including "If You Could See Me Now" (written and arranged by Tadd Dameron), "Don't Blame Me", "I've Got a Crush on You", "Everything I Have is Yours" and "Body and Soul. Tadley Ewing Peake (Tadd Dameron ( February 21, 1917 &ndash March 8, 1965) was an American Jazz Pianist " With Vaughan and Treadwell's professional relationship on solid footing, the couple married on September 16, 1946. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Vaughan's recording success for Musicraft continued through 1947 and 1948. Her recording of "Tenderly" became an unexpected pop hit in late 1947. Her December 27, 1947 recording of "It's Magic" (from the Doris Day film Romance on the High Seas) found chart success in early 1948. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Doris Mary Anne von Kappelhoff (born April 3, 1922) is an American Singer, actress, and animal welfare advocate known as Her recording of "Nature Boy" from April 8, 1948 became a hit around the same time as the release of the famous Nat King Cole recording of the same song. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nathaniel Adams Coles (March 17 1919 &ndash February 15 1965 known professionally as Nat King Cole, was an American musician Because of yet another recording ban by the musicians union, "Nature Boy" was recorded with an A Capella choir as the only accompaniment, adding an ethereal air to a song with a vaguely mystical lyric and melody.

Stardom and the Columbia years: 1948 - 1953

The musicians union ban pushed Musicraft to the brink of bankruptcy and Vaughan used the missed royalty payments as an opportunity to sign with the larger Columbia record label. Columbia Records is an American Record label founded in 1888 Columbia is the oldest surviving Brand name in pre-recorded sound being the first record company Following the settling of the legal issues, her chart successes continued with the charting of "Black Coffee" in the Summer of 1949. During her tenure at Columbia through 1953, Vaughan was steered almost exclusively to commercial pop ballads, a number of which had chart success: "That Lucky Old Sun", "Make Believe (You Are Glad When You're Sorry)", "I'm Crazy to Love You", "Our Very Own", "I Love the Guy", "Thinking of You" (with pianist Bud Powell), "I Cried for You", "These Things I Offer You", "Vanity", "I Ran All the Way Home", "Saint or Sinner", "My Tormented Heart", and "Time", among others. Earl Rudolph "Bud" Powell ( September 27[[ 924]] &ndash July 31[[ 966]] in New York City) was an American Jazz pianist, usually considered

Vaughan also achieved substantial critical acclaim. She won Esquire magazine's New Star Award for 1947 as well as awards from Down Beat magazine continuously from 1947 through 1952, and from Metronome magazine from 1948 through 1953. Esquire is a Men's magazine by the Hearst Corporation with a strong literary tradition Down Beat is an American Magazine devoted to "jazz blues and beyond" to indicate its expansion beyond the jazz realm which it covered exclusively A handful of critics disliked her singing as being "over-stylized," reflecting the heated controversies of the time over the new musical trends of the late 40's. However, the critical reception to the young singer was generally positive.

Recording and critical success led to numerous performing opportunities, packing clubs around the country almost continuously throughout the years of the late 1940s and early 1950s. In the Summer of 1949, Vaughan made her first appearance with a symphony orchestra in a benefit for the Philadelphia Orchestra entitled "100 Men and a Girl. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well The Philadelphia Orchestra is an Orchestra based in Philadelphia Pennsylvania, in the United States. " Around this time, Chicago disk jockey Dave Garroway coined a second nickname for her, "The Divine One", that would follow her throughout her career. David Cunningham Garroway ( July 13, 1913 – July 21, 1982) was the founding host of NBC 's Today In 1951, she made her first tour of Europe.

With improving finances, in 1949 Vaughan and Treadwell purchased a three-story house on 21 Avon Avenue in Newark, occupying the top floor during their increasingly rare off-hours at home and relocating Vaughan's parents to the lower two floors. However, the business pressures and personality conflicts lead to a cooling in the personal relationship between Treadwell and Vaughan. Treadwell hired a road manager to handle Vaughan's touring needs and opened a management office in Manhattan so he could work with clients in addition to Vaughan. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York

Vaughan's relationship with Columbia Records also soured as she became dissatisfied with the commercial material she was required to record and lackluster financial success of her records. A set of small group sides recorded in 1950 with Miles Davis and Benny Green are among the best of her career, but they were atypical of her Columbia output. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Benny Green ( 9 December 1927 – 22 June 1998) born in Leeds, Yorkshire, was a Cockney -accented British

The Mercury years: 1954 - 1958

In 1953, Treadwell negotiated a unique contract for Vaughan with Mercury Records. Mercury Records is a Record label operating as a standalone company in the UK and as part of the Island Def Jam Music Group in the US and are both subsidiaries of She would record commercial material for the Mercury label and more jazz-oriented material for its subsidiary EmArcy. EmArcy Records is a Jazz record label founded in 1954 by Mercury Records and is today a European jazz label owned by Universal Music Group. Vaughan was paired with producer Bob Shad and their excellent working relationship yielded strong commercial and artistic success. Bob Shad ( February 12, 1920 &ndash March 13, 1985) was a music producer and Record label owner Her debut Mercury recording session took place in February of 1954 and she stayed with the label through 1959. After a stint at Roulette Records (1960 to 1963), Vaughan returned to Mercury from 1964 to 1967. Roulette Records is a Record label which was founded in late 1956 by George Goldner, Joe Kolsky, Morris Levy and Phil Khals, with

Vaughan's commercial success at Mercury began with the 1954 hit, "Make Yourself Comfortable", recorded in the Fall of 1954, and continued with a succession of hits, including: "How Important Can It Be" (with Count Basie), "Whatever Lola Wants", "The Banana Boat Song", "You Ought to Have A Wife" and "Misty". "How Important Can It Be?" is a popular Song written by Bennie Benjamin and George David Weiss and published in 1955. William "Count" Basie ( August 21, 1904 &ndash April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, Organist " Whatever Lola Wants " is a popular Song, sometimes rendered as " Whatever Lola Wants Lola Gets " " Misty " is a Jazz standard written in 1954 by the pianist Erroll Garner. Her commercial success peaked in 1959 with "Broken Hearted Melody", a song she considered to be "corny", but, nonetheless, became her first gold record and a regular part of her concert repertoire for years to come. " Broken Hearted Melody " is a Popular song first published in 1958. Vaughan was reunited with Billy Eckstine for a series of duet recordings in 1957 that yielded the hit "Passing Strangers". " Passing Strangers " is a Popular song, written in 1957 by Mel Mitchell and Stanley Applebaum Vaughan's commercial recordings were handled by a number of different arrangers and conductors, primarily Hugo Peretti and Hal Mooney. Hugo Peretti ( December 6 1916 - May 1 1986) was an American Songwriter and Record producer. Hal Mooney was an American Composer and Arranger, born Harold Mooney (under which name he was occasionally credited professionally on 4 February

The jazz "track" of her recording career also proceeded apace, backed either by her working trio or various combinations of stellar jazz players. One of her own favorite albums was a 1954 sextet date that included Clifford Brown. Clifford Brown ( October 30, 1930 &ndash June 26, 1956) aka " Brownie," was an influential and highly rated

The latter half of the 1950s often found Vaughan in the company of a veritable who's who of jazz as she followed a schedule of almost non-stop touring. She was featured at the first Newport Jazz Festival in the Summer of 1954 and would star in subsequent editions of that festival at Newport and in New York City for the remainder of her life. The Newport Jazz Festival is a music festival held every August in Newport Rhode Island, USA. In the Fall of 1954, she performed at Carnegie Hall with the Count Basie Orchestra on a bill that also included Billie Holiday, Charlie Parker, Lester Young and the Modern Jazz Quartet. Carnegie Hall (generally ˌkɑrnɨgi ˈhɔːl is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east Billie Holiday (born Eleanora Fagan; April 7 1915 – July 17 1959 was an American Jazz singer and songwriter Lester Willis Young ( August 27, 1909 &ndash March 15, 1959) nickname 'Prez' was an American Jazz tenor Saxophonist The Modern Jazz Quartet was established in 1952 by Milt Jackson ( Vibraphone) John Lewis ( Piano, musical director Percy Heath That fall, she again toured Europe successfully before embarking on a "Big Show" U. S. tour, a grueling succession of start-studded one-nighters that included Count Basie, George Shearing, Erroll Garner and Jimmy Rushing. William "Count" Basie ( August 21, 1904 &ndash April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, Organist Sir George Shearing OBE (b August 13, 1919) is a British Jazz Pianist who during the 1950s "had one of the Erroll Louis Garner ( June 15 1921 &ndash January 2 1977) was an American Jazz Pianist and Composer James Andrew Rushing ( August 26, 1903 - June 8, 1972) (known as Jimmy Rushing) was an American Blues shouter At the 1955 New York Jazz Festival on Randalls Island, Vaughan shared the bill with the Dave Brubeck quartet, Horace Silver, Jimmy Smith, and the Johnny Richards Orchestra

Although the professional relationship between Vaughan and Treadwell was quite successful through the 1950s, their personal relationship finally reached a breaking point and she filed for a divorce in 1958. Randall's Island is situated in the East River in New York City, part of the borough of Manhattan. David Warren Brubeck (born December 6, 1920 in Concord California) better known as Dave Brubeck, is an American jazz pianist Horace Silver (born September 2, 1928) born Horace Ward Martin Tavares Silva in Norwalk Connecticut, is an American Jazz pianist Jimmy Smith ( December 8, 1925 year is disputed and is often given as 1928 – February 8, 2005) was a Jazz musician whose performances Johnny Richards ( November 2, 1911 &ndash October 7, 1968) was a Jazz Arranger and Composer in the mid-20th Vaughan had entirely delegated financial matters to Treadwell, and despite stunning income figures reported through the 1950s, at the settlement Treadwell said that only $16,000 remained. The couple evenly divided that amount and their personal assets, terminating their business relationship.

The 1960s

The exit of Treadwell from Sarah Vaughan's life was also precipitated by the entry of Clyde "C. B. " Atkins, a man of uncertain background whom she had met in Chicago and married on September 4, 1959. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Although Atkins had no experience in artist management or music, Vaughan wished to have a mixed professional/personal relationship like the one she had with Treadwell. She made Atkins her personal manager, although, she was still feeling the sting of the problems she had with Treadwell and initially kept a slightly closer eye on Atkins. Vaughan and Atkins moved into a house in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Englewood Cliffs is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States.

When Vaughan's contract with Mercury Records ended in late 1959, she immediately signed on with Roulette Records, a small label owned by Morris Levy, one of the backers of New York's Birdland, where she frequently appeared. Birdland is a jazz club started in New York City in December 15 1949 Roulette's roster also included Count Basie, Joe Williams, Dinah Washington, Lambert, Hendricks and Ross and Maynard Ferguson. Joe Williams may refer to Cyclone Joe Williams, baseball pitcher and hall of famer Joe Williams (jazz singer, achieved prominence Dinah Washington ( August 29, 1924 &ndash December 14, 1963) was a Blues, R&B and Jazz singer Lambert Hendricks & Ross was a Vocalese trio formed by Jazz Vocalists Dave Lambert, Jon Hendricks and Annie Ross Walter Maynard Ferguson ( May 4, 1928 – August 23, 2006) was a Canadian Jazz Trumpet player and Bandleader

Vaughan began recording for Roulette in April 1960, making a string of strong large ensemble albums arranged and/or conducted by Billy May, Jimmy Jones, Joe Reisman, Quincy Jones, Benny Carter, Lalo Schifrin and Gerald Wilson. William E May, better known as Billy May ( 10 November, 1916 – 22 January, 2004) was an American Composer, Jimmy Jones may refer to Horace A Jones (1906&ndash2001 - American Hall of Fame horse trainer Jimmy Jones (pianist - American jazz Quincy Delight Jones Jr (born March 14, 1933) also known as Q, is an American Music Impresario, conductor Bennett Lester Carter (born August 8, 1907 in Harlem New York; died July 12, 2003 in Los Angeles California) was Lalo Schifrin (born June 21, 1932) is an Argentine pianist and Composer. Gerald Stanley Wilson is an American Jazz trumpeter big band bandleader Composer / Arranger, and educator Surprisingly, she also had some pop chart success in 1960 with "Serenata" on Roulette and a couple of residual tracks from her Mercury contract, "Eternally" and "You're My Baby". She also made a pair of intimate vocal/guitar/double bass albums of jazz standards: After Hours (1961) with guitarist Mundell Lowe and double bassist George Duvivier and Sarah Plus Two (1962) with guitarist Barney Kessell and double bassist Joe Comfort. Mundell Lowe (born 1922 is an American Jazz Guitarist Lowe was born in Laurel Mississippi. George Duvivier (Aug 17 1920 - Jul 11 1985 was an American Jazz double-bass player Barney Kessel ( October 17, 1923 &ndash May 6, 2004) was an American Jazz Guitarist born in Muskogee Oklahoma Joe Comfort ( July 18, 1917 - October 29, 1988) was an American jazz bassist.

Vaughan was incapable of having biological children, so, in 1961, she and Atkins adopted a daughter, Debra Lois. However, the relationship with Atkins proved difficult and violent so, following a series of strange incidents, she filed for divorce in November of 1963. She turned to two friends to help sort out the financial wreckage of the marriage: club owner John "Preacher" Wells, a childhood acquaintance, and Clyde "Pumpkin" Golden, Jr. Wells and Golden found that Atkins' gambling and profligate spending had put Vaughan around $150,000 in debt. The Englewood Cliffs house was ultimately seized by the IRS for nonpayment of taxes. The Vaughan retained custody of the adopted child and Golden essentially took Atkins place as Vaughan's manager and lover for the remainder of the decade.

Around the time of her second divorce, she also became disenchanted with Roulette Records. Roulette' finances were even more deceptive and opaque than usual in the record business and its recording artists often had little to show for their efforts other than some excellent records. When her contract with Roulette ended in 1963, Vaughan returned to the more familiar confines of Mercury Records. In the Summer of 1963, Vaughan went to Denmark with producer Quincy Jones to record four days of live performances with her trio, Sassy Swings the Tivoli, an excellent example of her live show from this period. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Quincy Delight Jones Jr (born March 14, 1933) also known as Q, is an American Music Impresario, conductor Sassy Swings the Tivoli is a 1963 Live album by Sarah Vaughan. The following year, she made her first appearance at the White House, for President Johnson. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence

Unfortunately, the Tivoli recording would be the brightest moment of her second stint with Mercury. Changing demographics and tastes in the 1960s left jazz artists with shrinking audiences and inappropriate material. While Vaughan retained a following large and loyal enough to maintain her performing career, the quality and quantity of her recorded output dwindled even as her voice darkened and her skill remained undiminished. At the conclusion of her Mercury deal in 1967 she was left without a recording contract for the remainder of the decade.

In 1969 Vaughan terminated her professional relationship with Golden and relocated to the West Coast, settling first into a house near Benedict Canyon in Los Angeles and then into what would end up being her final home in Hidden Hills. Geography and History Benedict Canyon is an area near Sherman Oaks north west of Beverly Hills in the City of Los Angeles California. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Hidden Hills is a comedy series that aired on American Television network NBC during the 2002-2003 TV season.

Rebirth in the 1970s

Vaughan met Marshall Fisher after a 1970 performance at a casino in Las Vegas and Fisher soon fell into the familiar dual role as Vaughan's lover and manager. Las Vegas ( Spanish: "The Meadows" is the most populous City in the state of Nevada, the seat of Clark County, and an internationally Fisher was another man of uncertain background with no musical or entertainment business experience, but--unlike some of her earlier associates--he was a genuine fan devoted to furthering her career.

The seventies also heralded a rebirth in Vaughan's recording activity. In 1971, Bob Shad, who had worked with her as producer at Mercury Records, asked her to record for his new record label, Mainstream Records. Mainstream Records is an American Record label, which has released Jazz, Rock music, and Soundtracks over the course of its history Basie veteran Ernie Wilkins arranged and conducted her first Mainstream album, A Time In My Life in November 1971. Ernest Brooks Wilkins Jr ( July 20, 1922 in St Louis Missouri – June 5, 1999 in Copenhagen) was a jazz arranger and In April of 1972, Vaughan recorded a collection of ballads written, arranged and conducted by Michel Legrand. Michel Legrand (born February 24, 1932 in Paris) is a French musical composer arranger conductor and pianist of Armenian descent Arrangers Legrand, Peter Matz, Jack Elliott and Allyn Ferguson teamed up for Vaughan's third Mainstream album, Feelin' Good. For the US folk performer see Ramblin' Jack Elliott. Jack Elliott, a well-known musical composer arranger and producer was born Irwin Zucker " Feeling Good " (aka Feelin' Good) is a song written by Anthony Newley and Leslie Bricusse for the 1965 musical The Roar of the Greasepaint—the Vaughan also recorded Live in Japan, a live album in Tokyo with her trio in September of 1973. Live in Japan is a 1973 (see 1973 in music) live album by the American Jazz singer Sarah Vaughan.

During her sessions with Legrand, Bob Shad presented "Send In The Clowns", a Stephen Sondheim song from the Broadway musical A Little Night Music, to Vaughan for consideration. "Send in the Clowns" is a Song by Stephen Sondheim, from the 1973 musical A Little Night Music. Stephen Joshua Sondheim (born March 22 1930 is an American musical and film composer and lyricist winner of an Academy Award, multiple Tony Awards (seven Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located Musical theatre is a form of Theatre combining Music, Songs spoken Dialogue and Dance. A Little Night Music is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by Hugh Wheeler. The song would become her signature, replacing the chestnut "Tenderly" that had been with her from the beginning of her solo career.

Unfortunately, Vaughan's relationship with Mainstream soured in 1974, allegedly in a conflict precipitated by Fisher over an album cover photograph and/or unpaid royalties. This left Vaughan again without a recording contract for three years.

In December 1974, Vaughan played a private concert for the United States President Gerald Ford and French president Giscard d'Estaing during their summit on Martinique. Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing (born 2 February 1926 is a French centre - right politician who was President of the French Martinique is an Island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, having a land area of 1128 km²

Also in 1974, conductor Michael Tilson Thomas asked Vaughan to participate in an all-Gershwin show he was planning for a guest appearance with the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the Hollywood Bowl. Michael Tilson Thomas (b December 21, 1944) is an American conductor, pianist and Composer. George Gershwin (September 26 1898 &ndash July 11 1937 was an American Composer. The Los Angeles Philharmonic (LA Phil LAP or LAPO is an American Orchestra based in Los Angeles, California, United States The Hollywood Bowl is a famous modern Amphitheatre in the Hollywood area of Los Angeles California, USA, that is used primarily for music Performances The arrangements were by Marty Paich and the orchestra would be augmented by established jazz artists Dave Grusin on piano, Ray Brown on double bass, drummer Shelly Manne and saxophonists Bill Perkins and Pete Christlieb. Martin Louis Paich a/k/a "Marty" Paich (born January 23 1925 in Oakland California, died August 12 1995 in Santa David Grusin (born June 26, 1934) is an Academy Award -winning American Composer, arranger and Pianist. Raymond Matthews Brown ( October 13 1926 &ndash July 2 2002) was an American Jazz Double bassist. Shelly Manne (June 11 1920&ndashSeptember 26 1984 born Sheldon Manne in New York City, was an American jazz drummer. Bill Perkins ( 22 July, 1924 &ndash 9 August, 2003) was a Cool jazz Saxophonist and Flautist popular on the Pete Christlieb (b February 16, 1945) is a Jazz Bebop, West Coast jazz and Hard bop Tenor saxophonist born The concert was a success and Thomas and Vaughan repeated the performance with Thomas' home orchestra in Buffalo, New York, followed by appearances in 1975 and 1976 with symphony orchestras around the country. Buffalo (ˈbʌfəloʊ is the second largest city in New York State. These performances fulfilled a long-held interest by Vaughan in working with symphonies and she made orchestra performances without Thomas for the remainder of the decade.

In 1977, Vaughan terminated her personal and professional relationship with Marshall Fisher. Although Fisher is occasionally referenced as Vaughan's third husband, they were never legally married. Vaughan began a relationship with Waymond Reed, a trumpet player 16 years her junior who was playing with the Count Basie band. Reed joined her working trio as a musical director and trumpet player and became her third husband in 1978.

In 1977, Tom Guy, a young filmmaker and public TV producer, followed Vaughan around on tour, interviewing numerous artists speaking about her and capturing both concert and behind-the-scenes footage. The resulting sixteen hours of footage was pared down into an hour-and-a-half documentary, Listen To The Sun, that aired on September 21, 1978 on New Jersey Public Television, but was never commercially released. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar)

In 1977 Norman Granz, who was also Ella Fitzgerald's manager, signed Vaughan to his Pablo Records label. Norman Granz ( Los Angeles, USA, August 6, 1918 - Geneva, Switzerland, November 22, 2001) was an American Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25 1917 &ndash June 15 1996 also known as " Lady Ella " and the "First Lady of Song" is considered one of the most influential Pablo Records was a Record label founded Vaughan had not had a recording contract for three years, although she had recorded a 1977 album of Beatles songs with contemporary pop arrangements for Atlantic Records that was eventually released in 1981. Songs of the Beatles is a 1981 (see 1981 in music) album by Sarah Vaughan. Atlantic Records ( Atlantic Recording Corporation) is an American Record label best known for its many recordings of Rhythm & blues, Rock Vaughan's first Pablo release was I Love Brazil, recorded with an all-star cast of Brazilian musicians in Rio de Janeiro in the fall of 1977. Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil It garnered a Grammy nomination. The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences

The Pablo contract resulted in five albums: How Long Has This Been Going On? (1978) with a quartet that included pianist Oscar Peterson, guitarist Joe Pass, bassist Ray Brown, and drummer Louis Bellson; two Duke Ellington Songbook albums (1979); Send In The Clowns (1981) with the Count Basie orchestra playing arrangements primarily by Sammy Nestico; and Crazy and Mixed Up (1982), another quartet album featuring Sir Roland Hanna, piano, Joe Pass, guitar, Andy Simpkins, bass, and Harold Jones drums. Oscar Emmanuel Peterson, CC, CQ, OOnt ( 15 August 1925 – 23 December 2007) was a Canadian Joe Pass (born Joseph Anthony Passalaqua, January 13, 1929, New Brunswick, New Jersey, U Luigi Paulino Alfredo Francesco Antonio Balassoni (born 6 July 1924) better known by the Stage name Louie Bellson (his own preferred spelling Send in the Clowns is a 1981 (see 1981 in music) album by Sarah Vaughan, accompanied by the Count Basie Orchestra. Samuel "Sammy" Lewis Nestico (born February 6, 1924 in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania) is a prolific and well known Composer and Arranger Crazy and Mixed Up is a 1982 (see 1982 in music) album by the American Jazz singer Sarah Vaughan. Roland Hanna ( February 10, 1932 in Detroit Michigan &ndash November 13, 2002 in Hackensack New Jersey) was an American Andy Simpkins ( April 29, 1932 - June 2, 1999) was an American Jazz bassist. Harold Jones may refer to; In science and academia: Harold Spencer Jones (1890-1960 British astronomer Harold E

Vaughan and Waymond Reed divorced in 1981.

Late career

Vaughan remained quite active as a performer during the 1980s and began receiving awards recognizing her contribution to American music and status as an important elder stateswoman of Jazz. In the Summer of 1980, Vaughan received a plaque on 52nd Street outside the CBS Building (Black Rock) commemorating the jazz clubs she had once frequented on "Swing Street" and which had long since been demolished and replaced with office buildings. 52nd Street is a 19 mile long one-way Street traveling west to east across Midtown Manhattan. The CBS Building in New York City, also known as Black Rock is the 38-story headquarters of the CBS Corporation

A performance of her symphonic Gershwin program with the New Jersey Symphony in 1980 was broadcast on PBS and won her an Emmy Award in 1981 for "Individual Achievement - Special Class". The New Jersey Symphony Orchestra ( NJSO) is a symphony orchestra located in the state of New Jersey, United States. The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a Non-profit Public broadcasting Television service with 354 member TV stations in the She was reunited with Michael Tilson Thomas for slightly modified version of the Gershwin program with the Los Angeles Philharmonic and the CBS Records recording, Gershwin Live! won Vaughan the Grammy award for Best Jazz Vocal Performance, Female. Gershwin Live! is a 1982 (see 1982 in music) Live album by Sarah Vaughan, accompanied by the Los Angeles Philharmonic, conducted The Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Performance Female was presented from 1981 to 1991 In 1985 Vaughan received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a Sidewalk along Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street in Hollywood Los Angeles California, USA, that In 1988 Vaughan was inducted into American Jazz Hall of Fame.

After the conclusion of her Pablo contract in 1982, Vaughan did only a limited amount studio recording. Vaughan made a guest appearance in 1984 on Barry Manilow's 2:00 AM Paradise Cafe, an odd album of original pastiche compositions that featured a number of established jazz artists. Barry Manilow (born June 17, 1943) is an American Singer-songwriter, Musician, arranger, producer and conductor In 1984 Vaughan participated in one of the more unusual projects of her career, The Planet is Alive, Let It Live a symphonic piece composed by Tito Fontana and Sante Palumbo on Italian translations of Polish poems by Karol Wojtyla, the future Pope John Paul II. Pope Pope The recording was made in Germany with an English translation by writer Gene Lees and was released by Lees on his own private label after the recording was turned down by the major labels. In 1986, Vaughn sang two songs, "Happy Talk" and "Bali Ha'i", in the role of Bloody Mary on an otherwise stiff studio recording by opera stars Kiri Te Kanawa and Jose Carreras of the score of the Broadway musical South Pacific, while sitting on the studio floor. Dame Kiri Janette Te Kanawa, ONZ, DBE, AC (ˈkiri ˈtɛ ˈkɑːnəwə born WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes --> Josep Carreras i Coll (born December 5, 1946, Barcelona South Pacific is a musical, with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, and book by both Hammerstein and Joshua

Vaughan's final complete album was Brazilian Romance, produced and composed by Sergio Mendes and recorded primarily in the early part of 1987 in New York and Detroit. Brazilian Romance is a 1987 album by Sarah Vaughan. Track listing "Make This City Ours Tonight" ( Tracy Mann, Sérgio Santos Mendes, pron. 'sɛxʒiu 'sɐ̃tus 'mẽ'dʒis (born February 11, 1941 in Niterói, Brazil) is a Grammy Award In 1988, Vaughan contributed vocals to an album of Christmas carols recorded by the Mormon Tabernacle Choir with the Utah Symphony Orchestra and sold in Hallmark Cards stores. The Mormon Tabernacle Choir is a 360 member all-volunteer Choir. The Utah Symphony Orchestra is a symphony Orchestra located in Salt Lake City, Utah. In 1989, Quincy Jones' album Back on the Block featured Vaughan in a brief scatting duet with Ella Fitzgerald. Back on the Block is a 1989 Grammy Award -winning studio album produced by the American Jazz and pop arranger Quincy Jones. This was Vaughan's final studio recording and, fittingly, it was Vaughan's only formal studio recording with Fitzgerald in a career that had begun 46 years earlier opening for Fitzgerald at the Apollo.

Vaughan is featured in a number of video recordings from the 1980s. Sarah Vaughan Live from Monterrey was taped in 1983 or 1984 and featured her working trio with guest soloists. Sass and Brass was taped in 1986 in New Orleans and also features her working trio with guest soloists, including Dizzy Gillespie and Maynard Ferguson. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie ( October 21 1917 &ndash January 6 1993) was an American Jazz Trumpeter Walter Maynard Ferguson ( May 4, 1928 – August 23, 2006) was a Canadian Jazz Trumpet player and Bandleader Sarah Vaughan: The Divine One was featured in the American Masters series on PBS. American Masters is a PBS Television show which produces biographies on what it considers are the best Artists Actors and

Death

In 1989, Vaughan's health began to decline, although she rarely betrayed any hints in her performances. Vaughan canceled a series of engagements in Europe in 1989 citing the need to seek treatment for arthritis in the hand, although she was able to complete a later series of performances in Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. During a run at New York's Blue Note jazz club in 1989, Vaughan received a diagnosis of lung cancer and was too ill to finish the final day of what would turn out to be her final series of public performances. Lung cancer is a Disease of uncontrolled Cell growth in tissues of the Lung.

Vaughan returned to her home in California to begin chemotherapy and spent her final months alternating stays in the hospital and at home. Toward the end, Vaughan tired of the struggle and demanded to be taken home, where she passed away on the evening of April 3, 1990 while watching a television movie featuring her daughter. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar)

Vaughan's funeral was held at the First Mount Zion Baptist Church in Newark, which was the same congregation she grew up in, although relocated to a new building. Following the ceremony, a horse-drawn carriage transported her body to its final resting place in Glendale Cemetery in Bloomfield, New Jersey. Glendale Cemetery is a Cemetery located in Bloomfield in the U Bloomfield is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. [2]

Grammy Hall of Fame

Recordings of Sarah Vaughan were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, which is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least twenty-five years old, and that have "qualitative or historical significance. The Grammy Hall of Fame Award is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least twenty-five years old and that have "qualitative Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. "

Grammy Hall of Fame[3]
Year Recorded Title Genre Label Year Inducted
1955 Sarah Vaughan with Clifford Brown Jazz (Album) Mercury 1999
1946 If You Could See Me Now Jazz (Single) Musicraft 1998

Style and influence

Although Vaughan is usually considered a "Jazz Singer," she avoided classifying herself as such. Indeed, her approach to her "Jazz" work and her commercial "Pop" material was not radically different. Vaughan stuck throughout her career to the jazz-infused style of music that she came of age with, only rarely dabbling in rock-era styles that usually did not suit her unique vocal talents. Vaughan discussed the label in an 1982 interview for Down Beat:

"I don't know why people call me a jazz singer, though I guess people associate me with jazz because I was raised in it, from way back. Down Beat is an American Magazine devoted to "jazz blues and beyond" to indicate its expansion beyond the jazz realm which it covered exclusively I'm not putting jazz down, but I'm not a jazz singer. Betty Bebop (Carter) is a jazz singer, because that's all she does. Betty Carter ( May 16, 1929 &ndash September 26, 1998) was an American Jazz Singer who was renowned for her I've even been called a blues singer. I've recorded all kinds of music, but (to them) I'm either a jazz singer or a blues singer. I can't sing a blues - just a right-out blues - but I can put the blues in whatever I sing. I might sing 'Send In the Clowns' and I might stick a little bluesy part in it, or any song. What I want to do, music-wise, is all kinds of music that I like, and I like all kinds of music. "

Vaughan was a proficient pianist, but her most obvious gift was always her powerful voice. Her vocal range was vast in her youth, stretching from true female baritone lows to mezzo-soprano highs; as she aged, her lower register became stronger and her forays into her mezzo register became rare. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. The dynamic range, tonal quality and sheer beauty of her voice were near-operatic. While Vaughan was proficient at scatting, the improvisatory aspect of her art was focused more on ornamentation, phrasing and variation on melodies, which were almost always jazz standards. Perhaps her most noticeable musical mannerism was the creative use of often widely "swooping" glissandi through her wide entire vocal range, which was most sonorous in a dark chest register that grew deeper as she aged. " Glissando " (plural glissandi abbreviated gliss is a glide from one pitch to another Vaughan approached her voice more as a melodic instrument than a vehicle for dramatic interpretation of lyrics, although the expressive qualities of her style did accentuate lyrical meaning and she would often find unique and memorable ways of articulating and coloring individual key words in a lyric.

During her childhood in the 30s, Vaughan was strongly attracted to the popular music of the day, much to the consternation of her deeply religious father. She was certainly influenced by the gospel traditions that she grew up with in a Baptist church, but the more radically melismatic elements of those influences are less obvious than they would be in later generations of singers in the R&B and hip-hop genres. That Vaughan was also influenced by (and an influence on) her friend and mentor, Billy Eckstine, is obvious in the numerous duet recordings they made together. Billy Eckstine ( 8 July, 1914 &ndash 8 March, 1993) born William Clarence Eckstein in the East Liberty neighborhood of Pittsburgh However, since no recordings exist of Vaughan prior to her joining Eckstine in the Earl Hines band (nor with the Hines band) it is difficult to know with any certainty what stylistic nuances she absorbed during the critical first years of her performing career.

Perhaps because of the individuality of her style, Vaughan has rarely been overtly imitated by subsequent generations of singers, unlike such contemporaries of hers as Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra or, later, Aretha Franklin. However, even in death she retains a loyal following and attracts new fans through her recorded legacy, most of which remains in commercial release.

While Vaughan frequently performed and recorded with large ensembles, her live performances usually featured trio accompaniments. Aside from economy, there was an inherent advantage in working with musicians who knew her style and could anticipate her improvisational side trips.

Personal life

Vaughan was married three times: George Treadwell (1946-1958), Clyde Atkins (1958-1961) and Waymond Reed (1978-1981). Being unable to have biological children, Vaughan adopted a baby girl (Debra Lois) in 1961. Debra worked in the 1980s and 1990s as an actress under the name Paris Vaughan.

Sarah Vaughan's personal life was a jumble of paradoxes. She had a mercurial personality and could be extremely difficult to work with (especially in areas outside of music), but numerous fellow musicians recounted their experiences with her to be some of the best of their career. None of her marriages was successful, yet she maintained close long-running friendships with a number of male colleagues in the business and was devoted to her parents and adopted daughter. Despite effusive public acclaim, Vaughan was insecure and suffered from stage fright that was, at times, almost incapacitating. While shy and often aloof with strangers, she was quite gregarious and generous with friends.

Vaughan's appetite for night life was legendary and after performances she regularly stayed out partying until well into the next day. Vaughan was a heavy drinker, but there are no reported incidents of obvious on-stage intoxication that hampered her ability to perform. Vaughan was, reputedly, a regular marijuana and cocaine user throughout her career, but she was apparently discreet about her usage and never suffered the debilitating addictions or run-ins with the law that derailed many of her colleagues. Vaughan, a life-long smoker, died from lung cancer at the age of 66. Lung cancer is a Disease of uncontrolled Cell growth in tissues of the Lung.

Discography

Vaughan's recorded extensively throughout her career and most recordings remain in the catalogs in various reissues. Following is a selected list of albums in chronological order by date of release.

Tributes

In 2004-2006, New Jersey Transit paid tribute to Miss Vaughan in the design of its new Newark Light Rail stations. Continental Records was the name of two different Record labels of the mid 20th century one based in New York City, the United States of America, and the Sarah Vaughan with Clifford Brown, also known as Sarah Vaughan, is a 1954 Jazz album featuring Grammy Award winning singer In the Land of Hi-Fi is a 1955 (see 1955 in music) album by the American Jazz singer Sarah Vaughan. At Mister Kelly's is a 1957 (see 1957 in music) live album by Sarah Vaughan. Swingin' Easy is a 1957 (see 1957 in music) album by Sarah Vaughan. Sarah Vaughan Sings George Gershwin is a 1958 (see 1958 in music) album by the American Jazz singer Sarah Vaughan. No Count Sarah is a 1958 (see 1958 in music) album by the American Jazz singer Sarah Vaughan. Sarah Vaughan Sings Broadway Great Songs from Hit Shows is a 1958 album by Sarah Vaughan. After Hours at the London House is a 1959 Live album by Sarah Vaughan. Vaughan and Violins is a 1958 (see 1958 in music) album by Sarah Vaughan, orchestrated and conducted by Quincy Jones. Count Basie/Sarah Vaughan is a 1961 album by Sarah Vaughan, accompanied by the Count Basie Orchestra with arrangements by Frank Foster, After Hours is a 1961 album by Sarah Vaughan. Track listing " My Favourite Things " ( Richard Rodgers You're Mine You is a 1962 (see 1962 in music) album by the American Jazz singer Sarah Vaughan, orchestrated and conducted by Quincy Sarah + 2 is a 1962 album by Sarah Vaughan. Track listing " Just in Time " ( Betty Comden, Adolph Sarah Sings Soulfully is a 1963 (see 1963 in music) album by the American Jazz singer Sarah Vaughan. Easter is an album by the Patti Smith Group, released in March 1978 on Arista Records (see 1978 in music) Joe Williams ( December 12, 1918 – March 29, 1999) was a well-known Jazz vocalist and an elegant and sophisticated baritone Dinah Washington ( August 29, 1924 &ndash December 14, 1963) was a Blues, R&B and Jazz singer Sassy Swings the Tivoli is a 1963 Live album by Sarah Vaughan. ¡Viva! Vaughan is a 1965 (see 1965 in music) album by Sarah Vaughan, orchestrated and conducted by Frank Foster, and produced by Quincy It's a Man's World is the twenty-second album by American singer-actess Cher, released on November 6 1995 by Warner Bros " Feeling Good " (aka Feelin' Good) is a song written by Anthony Newley and Leslie Bricusse for the 1965 musical The Roar of the Greasepaint—the Live in Japan is a 1973 (see 1973 in music) live album by the American Jazz singer Sarah Vaughan. Send in the Clowns is the third album by the Belgian Alternative metal band Oceans Of Sadness. Ronnie Scott's Presents Sarah Vaughan Live is a 1977 album by Sarah Vaughan Track listing 1 The Duke Ellington Songbook Vol 1 is an Album of Duke Ellington Standards performed by Sarah Vaughan. The Duke Ellington Songbook Vol 2 is a 1979 album by Sarah Vaughan, focusing on the works of Duke Ellington. Send in the Clowns is a 1981 (see 1981 in music) album by Sarah Vaughan, accompanied by the Count Basie Orchestra. Songs of the Beatles is a 1981 (see 1981 in music) album by Sarah Vaughan. Crazy and Mixed Up is a 1982 (see 1982 in music) album by the American Jazz singer Sarah Vaughan. Gershwin Live! is a 1982 (see 1982 in music) Live album by Sarah Vaughan, accompanied by the Los Angeles Philharmonic, conducted Pope Dame Kiri Janette Te Kanawa, ONZ, DBE, AC (ˈkiri ˈtɛ ˈkɑːnəwə born Mandy Patinkin ( (born November 30, 1952) is an American actor of stage and screen and a Tenor vocalist WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes --> Josep Carreras i Coll (born December 5, 1946, Barcelona Brazilian Romance is a 1987 album by Sarah Vaughan. Track listing "Make This City Ours Tonight" ( Tracy Mann, Back on the Block is a 1989 Grammy Award -winning studio album produced by the American Jazz and pop arranger Quincy Jones. The New Jersey Transit Corporation (usually shortened to New Jersey Transit, NJ Transit or NJT) is a statewide Public transportation system serving The Newark Light Rail is a Light rail system under New Jersey Transit Bus Operations serving Newark, New Jersey. Passengers stopping at any station on this line can read the lyrics to one of her signature songs, Send in the Clowns, along the edge of the station platform. "Send in the Clowns" is a Song by Stephen Sondheim, from the 1973 musical A Little Night Music.

On March 27, 2003, initiated by Susie M. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Butler, the cities of San Francisco and Berkeley, California, signed a proclamation making March 27 "Sarah Lois Vaughan Day" in their respective cities. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in Northern California, in the United States. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates

References

  1. ^ Grammy Award Database
  2. ^ Sarah Vaughan, Find A Grave. Find A Grave is a Website allowing its users to access maintain and expand an online Database of Burial records Accessed August 22, 2007. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  3. ^ Grammy Hall of Fame Database

External links

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic