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Sarah Bernhardt

Sarah Bernhardt in June, 1877, during a visit to Boston, Massachusetts
Born Marie Henriette Bernardt
October 22, 1844(1844-10-22)
Paris, France
Died March 26, 1923 (aged 78)
Paris, France
Years active 1862-1923
Spouse(s) Ambroise Aristide Damala (1882-1889)

Sarah Bernhardt (October 22, 1844 – March 26, 1923) was a French stage actress, and has been referred to as "the most famous actress in the history of the world". Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [1] Bernhardt made her fame on the stages of Europe in the 1870s, and was soon in demand in Europe and the United States. Events and Trends Technology The invention of the prototype telephone by Alexander G The United States of America —commonly referred to as the She developed a reputation as a serious dramatic actress, earning the nickname "The Divine Sarah. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. "

Contents

Early life

She was born in Paris, France as Marie Henriette Bernardt, the daughter of Julie Bernardt and a father of Dutch nationality. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. She added the letter "H" to both her first and last name, and used the name of Edouard Bernardt, her mother's brother, as the name of her father. This was probably done to hide the fact that her father was unknown. Her grandfather, Moritz Bernardt, was a Jewish merchant in Amsterdam. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Most likely, her Jewish mother Julie was also born in Amsterdam. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************

Much of the uncertainty about Marie's life arises because of her tendency to exaggerate and distort. Some claim she was born in Iowa and ran away to Paris, where she assumed a new identity as a French citizen to begin a stage career. Dumas fils, the son of Alexander Dumas and author of "La Dame aux Camelias" which she played almost three thousand times, described her as a notorious liar. Alexandre Dumas Fils (French for son similar to Junior in English ( July 27, 1824 &ndash November 27, 1895) was [2]

To support herself, it is assumed that Marie combined the career of an actress and that of a courtesan. A courtesan in mid-16th century usage referred to a mistress or trained artisan of dance and singing especially one associated with wealthy powerful or upper-class At the time, the two were considered scandalous to some degree. She was sponsored by the Duc de Morny in 1859 for the Conservatoire de Musique et Déclamation, for theatrical training. Charles Auguste Louis Joseph Demorny/de Morny 1st Duc de Morny (September 15-16 1811 in Switzerland &ndash March 10 1865 in Paris) was Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Sarah Bernhardt photographed by Nadar
Sarah Bernhardt photographed by Nadar

Stage career

Bernhardt's stage career started in 1862 when she was a student at the Comédie-Française, France's most prestigious theater. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday The Comédie-Française or Théâtre-Français is one of the few State Theaters in France. However, she was not entirely successful at the conservatory and left to become a courtesan herself by 1865. Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year It was during this time that she acquired her famous coffin, which she often slept in in lieu of a bed, claiming it helped her understand her many tragic roles. She made her fame on the stages of Europe in the 1870s, and was soon in demand all over Europe and in New York. Events and Trends Technology The invention of the prototype telephone by Alexander G New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous [3] She soon developed a reputation as a serious dramatic actress, earning the title "The Divine Sarah"; arguably, she may have been the most famous actress of the 19th century. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar [4] She coached many young women in the art of acting, including actress and courtesan Liane de Pougy. Liane de Pougy ( 2 July 1869 - 26 December 1950) was a Folies Bergères dancer renowned as one of Paris 's most beautiful

Visual arts and recordings

Although primarily a stage actress, Bernhardt made several cylinders and discs of famous dialogues from various productions. The earliest method of recording and reproducing sound was on phonograph cylinders. A gramophone A dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog) is a reciprocal Conversation between two or more entities. One of the earliest was a reading from Phèdre by Jean Racine, at Thomas Edison's home on a visit to New York City in the 1880s. Jean Racine ( ( December 22, 1639 &ndash April 21, 1699) was a French Dramatist, one of the "big three" of The City of New York Events and Trends Technology Development and commercial production of Electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered Multi-talented, she was involved with the visual arts, acting, painting and sculpting herself, and modeling for Antonio de La Gandara. The visual arts are art forms that focus on the creation of works which are primarily Visual in nature such as Painting, Photography Antonio de La Gandara ( December 16, 1861 - June 30, 1917) was a painter Pastellist and draughtsman She also published a series of books and plays.

During her time, Bernhardt had a strong influence on grand opera, an influence that continues to this day. Tosca and Salome, for example, contain two of opera's most sensational heroines, both based on plays written for Bernhardt. Tosca is an Opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian Libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa, based on SALOME (pronounced in English using the French sah-loh-may is the Open Source Integration Platform for Numerical Simulation

In 1914, Bernhardt was made a member of France's Legion of Honour. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year [5]

Private life

Bernhardt had an affair with a Belgian nobleman, Charles-Joseph Eugène Henri, Prince de Ligne, with whom she had her only child, Maurice Bernhardt, in 1864 (he married a Polish princess, Maria Jablonowska, 1863-1914) (see Jablonowski). Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Jabłonowski (plural Jabłonowscy) is the surname of a Polish Szlachta (nobility family Later, close friends included several artists, most notably Gustave Doré and Georges Clarin, and actors Mounet-Sully and Lou Tellegen, as well as the famous French writer Victor Hugo. Lou Tellegen ( November 26, 1883 – October 29, 1934) was a Dutch -born Silent film and stage Actor. Victor-Marie Hugo ( ( February 26, 1802 – May 22, 1885) was a French Poet, Playwright, Novelist Alphonse Mucha based several of his iconic Art Nouveau works on her. Alphonse Maria Mucha ( 24 July, 1860 &ndash 14 July, 1939) was a Czech Art Nouveau painter and decorative Art Nouveau ( nu vo anglicised /ˈɑːt nuːvəu/ ( French for 'new art' also known as Jugendstil ( German for 'youth style' is an international Her friendship with Louise Abbema, a French impressionist painter fourteen years her junior, was so close and passionate that the two women were rumored to be lovers. Louise Abbéma ( 30 October, 1853 (and not 1858 as commonly said 1927 was a French painter and designer born in Etampes. Impressionism was a 19th-century Art movement that began as a loose association of Paris -based Artists exhibiting their art publicly in the 1860s

She later married Greek-born actor Aristides Damala (known in France by the stage name Jacques Damala) in London in 1882, but the marriage, which legally endured until Damala's death in 1889 at age 34, quickly collapsed, largely due to Damala's dependence on morphine. Aristides Damalas (Greek Aριστεíδης Δαμαλάς alternative spellings Aristidis or Aristide) known in France by the stage name Jacques London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Medical uses Morphine can be used as an analgesic in hospital settings to relieve pain in Myocardial infarction pain in During the latter years of this marriage, Bernhardt was said to have been involved in an affair with the Prince of Wales, who later became Edward VII. Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (and formerly the Kingdom [6]

Bernhardt was not known to be a religious person, and once stated, "Me pray? Never! I'm an atheist. "[7]

Sarah Bernhardt as Queen in Victor Hugo’s Ruy Blas.
Sarah Bernhardt as Queen in Victor Hugo’s Ruy Blas. Victor-Marie Hugo ( ( February 26, 1802 – May 22, 1885) was a French Poet, Playwright, Novelist Ruy Blas is a tragic Drama by Victor Hugo. It was the first play presented at the Théâtre de la Renaissance and opened on

Silent film career

Bernhardt was also one of the pioneer silent movie actresses, debuting as Hamlet in the two minute long film Le Duel d'Hamlet in 1900. Hamlet is a Tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1599 and 1601 Hamlet, also known as Le Duel d'Hamlet, is a 1900 French Film adaptation of an excerpt from the William The year 1900 in film involved some significant events Events Reulos Goudeau & Co (Technically, this was not a silent film, as it had an accompanying Edison cylinder with sound. The earliest method of recording and reproducing sound was on phonograph cylinders. )[8] She went on to star in eight motion pictures and two biographical films in all. The latter included Sarah Bernhardt à Belle-Isle (1912), a film about her daily life at home. The year 1912 in film involved some significant events Events Mack Sennett, who had previously worked as an actor and comedy director with D

Later career

Bernhardt's grave at Père Lachaise cemetery.
Bernhardt's grave at Père Lachaise cemetery. Père Lachaise Cemetery (Cimetière du Père-Lachaise officially cimetière de l'Est, "East Cemetery" is the largest Cemetery in the city of Paris

In 1905, while performing in Victorien Sardou's La Tosca in Rio de Janeiro, Bernhardt injured her right knee during the final scene which required her to leap from a high wall. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Victorien Sardou ( September 5, 1831 - November 8, 1908) was a French Dramatist. La Tosca is a five-act dramatic play by Victorien Sardou, first produced in Paris in 1887 with Sarah Bernhardt in the title role The leg never healed properly. By 1915 gangrene had set in and her entire right leg was amputated, confining her to a wheelchair for several months. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Please do not add warnings to this page about the pictures Wikipedia is not censored for taste and has a guideline preventing such warnings - WikipediaNo disclaimers in articles Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma or Surgery. A wheelchair is a wheeled Mobility device in which the user sits Bernhardt reportedly refused a 10,000-dollar offer by a showman to display her amputated leg as a medical curiosity (while P.T. Barnum is usually cited as the one to have made the offer, he had been dead since 1891). The dollar (often represented by the Dollar sign: "$" is the name of the official Currency in several countries dependencies and other Showman can have a variety of meanings usually by context Travelling Showmen are people who run Amusement and side show equipment at regional Shows Capitol Shows events and festivals Phineas Taylor Barnum (July 5 1810 &ndash April 7 1891 was an American Showman remembered for Hoaxes and for founding the Circus that became the Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Nonetheless, she continued her career, and contrary to belief, without the use of a wooden prosthetic limb (she tried using one, but didn't like it). In Medicine, a prosthesis (plural prostheses) is an Artificial extension that replaces a missing Body part. She carried out a successful tour of America in 1915, and on returning to France she played in her own productions almost continuously until her death. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Her later successes included Daniel (1920), La Gloire (1921), and Régine Armand (1922). Her physical condition confined her practically to immobility on the stage, but the charm of her voice, which had altered little with age, ensured her triumphs. [9]

On March 26, 1923, Bernhardt died of uremia in the care of her son Maurice. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Uremia is a term used to loosely describe the illness accompanying kidney failure (also called renal failure She is buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery, Paris, France. Père Lachaise Cemetery (Cimetière du Père-Lachaise officially cimetière de l'Est, "East Cemetery" is the largest Cemetery in the city of Paris [10]

Sarah Bernhardt has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1751 Vine Street. The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a Sidewalk along Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street in Hollywood Los Angeles California, USA, that

Books

Selected roles

Sarah Bernhardt - 1899As Hamlet
Sarah Bernhardt - 1899
As Hamlet

Films[11]

portrait by William Downey
portrait by William Downey

Recordings

Phèdre (1902)
Written by Jean-Baptist Racine
Recorded at Pathé
An excerpt from the play of the same name, a spine-tingling tirade from Phèdre about her illicit passion for her Greek stepson, Hippolyte.

Le Lac (1902)
Written by Maurice Bernhardt
Recorded at Pathé
A poem about the Divine Worker and his creation of a beautiful lake.

La Fiancée du Timbalier (1902)
Written by Victor Hugo
Recorded at Pathé
A thrilling lament from a woman to a handsome soldier playing a timpani in a parade.

Sarah Bernhardt Georges Clairin (1843 - 1919) oil painting on canvas
Sarah Bernhardt
Georges Clairin (1843 - 1919) oil painting on canvas

Lucie (1902)
Written by Alfred de Musset
Recorded at Pathé
A dreamy poem spoken to a voluptuous woman singing and playing a harpsichord.

Le Lac (The Lake) (1903)
Written by Maurice Bernhardt
Recorded at G and T
A later version of the poem about the Divine Worker and the creation
of His lake under tropical skies.

La Samaritaine (1903)
Written by Edmond Rostand
Recorded at G and T
An excerpt from the play of the same name, about Photine, the woman who met Jesus at the well, and who was told by Him to go forth and love.
Les Vieux (The Old Ones) (1903)
Written by Rosemonde Géard (Mme. Edmont Rostand)
Recorded at G and T
A tender poem about two old lovers sitting under a trellis in the twilight years of their lives.

Un Évangile (A Gospel) (1903)
Written by François Coppée
Recorded at G and T
A moving tale of Jesus and Saint Peter helping a fisherman's widow and her little baby.

Phèdre (1903)
Written by Jean-Baptist Racine
Recorded at G and T
An excerpt from the play of the same name, a later version of the illicit passion between Phèdre and Hippolyte.

La Mort d'Izéil (The Death of Izéil) (1903)
Written by Maurice Bernhardt
Recorded at G and T
An excerpt from the play of the same name, an ode to the death of Izeil, the girl who died of love.

La Rêverie de Théroigne de Méricourt (The Dream of Théroigne de Méricourt) (1903)
Written by Paul Ernest Hervieu
Recorded for Zonophone
A tirade to revolution, an excerpt from a play, during which Sarah's vocal gymnastics reach unnerving heights.

Un Peu de Musique (A Little Music) (1903)
Written by Victor Hugo
Recorded for Zonophone
The tale of a lady and a count riding into the mad mystery of love.

L'Aiglon (The Eaglet) (1910)
Written by Edmond Rostand
Recorded at Edison
An excerpt from the play of the same name, with a full cast of unknown actors, and Sarah as Napoleon’s son languishing among dying soldiers at the battle of Wagram.

Phèdre (1910)
Written by Jean-Baptist Racine
Recorded at Edison (4-minute long version)featuring Lou Tellegen
The passionate love between Phèdre and Hippolyte.

Les Buffons (The Buffoons) (1908)
Written by Miguel Zamacois
Recorded at Edison
An excerpt from the play of the same name, a whimsical story of a zephyr, who falls in love with a beautiful girl spinning wool, and anguishes when she marries a Prince.

La Samaritaine (1910)
Written by Edmond Rostand
Recorded at Edison (4-minute long version)
An excerpt from the play of the same name, about the encounter between Jesus and Photine, the woman at the well.

L'Étoile dans la Nuit (The Star in the Night) (1918)
Written by Émile Guérinon and Henri Cain
Recorded for Aeolian Vocalion
A divine affirmation of faith expressed to a brilliant star in the night sky.

Prière pour nos Ennemis (A Prayer for our Enemies) (1918)
Written by Louis Payen
Recorded for Aeolian Vocalion
An excerpt from Champ d'Honneur, a patriotic speech by Marc, a wounded soldier, who is clutching his flag after a raging battle.

Trivia

Sarah Bernhardt also appears as a main character in an eponymous comic book in Morris's Lucky Luke series. This article is about the comic book and TV series For the mobster see Lucky Luciano.

References

  1. ^ Gottlieb, Robert. The Drama of Sarah Bernhardt. Retrieved on 2007-10-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid
  2. ^ Robert Gotlieb, New York Review of Books May 10, 2007.
  3. ^ Internet Broadway Database credits for Mme. Sarah Bernhardt. Retrieved on 2007-10-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid
  4. ^ Golden, Eve. From Stage to Screen: The Film Career of Sarah Bernhardt. Retrieved on 2007-10-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid
  5. ^ Britannica Concise Encyclopedia entry for Sarah Bernhardt. Retrieved on 2007-10-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid
  6. ^ Edward VII biography. Retrieved on 2007-10-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid
  7. ^ Positive Atheism’s Big List of Quotations: Sarah Bernhardt. Retrieved on 2007-10-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid
  8. ^ Filming Shakespeare With And Without Words In Settings Familiar And Unfamiliar. Retrieved on 2007-10-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid
  9. ^ New International Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2007-10-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid
  10. ^ Find a Grave entry for Sarah Bernhardt. Retrieved on 2007-10-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid
  11. ^ Menefee, David W. Sarah Bernhardt in the Theater of Films and Sound Recordings. North Carolina: McFarland, 2003.


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