Santalum spicatum, a species known as Australian sandalwood, is a tree native to semi-arid areas of southern and western Australia. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its Santalales is an order of Flowering plants with a Cosmopolitan distribution but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions Santalaceae is a widely distributed family of Flowering plants which like other members of Santalales are partially parasitic on other plants Santalum is a genus of woody Flowering plants the most well known and commercially valuable of which is the Indian Sandalwood tree S Robert Brown FRS ( 21 December, 1773 &ndash 10 June, 1858) was a Scottish scientist who is acknowledged as the leading botanist It is traded as sandalwood and its valuable oil has been used as an aromatic, a medicine and a food source. for the film industry in India see Cinema of Karnataka Sandalwood is the name for several fragrant Woods and their Essential S. spicatum is one of four high value Santalum species occurring in Australia. Santalum is a genus of woody Flowering plants the most well known and commercially valuable of which is the Indian Sandalwood tree S For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

Description

It belongs to the family Santalaceae and is one of four species to occur in Western Australia. Santalaceae is a widely distributed family of Flowering plants which like other members of Santalales are partially parasitic on other plants It has a similar distribution to quandong (Santalum acuminatum)and is a hemi-parasite requiring macro-nutrients from roots of hosts. Quandong (alternative spelling Quongdong) is the name given to a number of Australian wild bush plants and their edible fruits Santalum acuminatum, the Desert Quandong, is an Australian plant in the Sandalwood family Santalaceae. It has a shrubby to small tree habit, but can grow to 6 metres and is tolerant of drought and salt. The foliage is grey-green in colour. The fruit of S. spicatum is spherical, about 3 cm in diameter and is orange. An edible kernel with a hard shell forms the bulk of the fruit; the shell is smoother than S. acuminatum's deeply pitted surface. Germination occurs during warm and moist conditions. The impact of over cultivation and land clearing for agriculture, since the 1880s, has greatly reduced the range of the species. The oils produced by the tree contain a greater complexity of chemicals, many of which have antimicrobial qualities. An antimicrobial is a substance that kills or inhibits the growth of Microbes such as Bacteria, Fungi, or Viruses. ^[1]

Commercial use

A sandalwood cutters camp in the Wheatbelt of Western Australia

Being exported from Fremantle. 1905

The harvest and export of S. spicatum has been an important part of the west Australian economy, at one time forming more than half of the states revenue. Settlement of the Wheatbelt area was accelerated by the funds generated by 'Sandalwood' found there. The Wheatbelt region is one of the nine Regions of Western Australia. Distribution and population of the endemic stands were significantly affected during periods of rural development and economic downturn.

Research by the Forestry Products Commission (Western Australia), State universities and private industry is being undertaken into the cultivation of the tree and the properties of its wood and nuts. Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. ^{[2] [3]} Replanting has occurred at some properties as a land restoration strategy, a food crop and in the long term for harvest. Oil valued at $1 000(Au) per kilogram is produced at Mount Romance in Albany, Western Australia. Albany ( is located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, situated around a port on the southern coast ^[4] The area of commercial plantations has risen from 7 to 70 km² between 2000 and 2006. The export of 2 000 tonnes of sandalwood a year is primarily sourced from plantations. The harvest of naturally occurring trees is reduced when compared to the industry of the nineteenth century. Exports of over 50 000 tonnes in the last decade were related to agricultural expansion by increased access and harvesters. ^[5]

Cultivation

Germination is difficult and may depend on the El Niño cycle. El Niño-Southern Oscillation ( ENSO; commonly referred to as simply El Niño) is a global coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon Success has been reported by placing the kernels in moist vermiculite in sealed plastic bags at room temperature. Once germinated, it should be planted next to a (preferably Australian native) seedling, and watered adequately.

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