| Sanitary district | |
|---|---|
| Category | Local government district |
| Location | England and Wales and Ireland |
| Found in | County |
| Created by | Public Health Act 1873 |
| Public Health Act 1875 | |
| Public Health (Ireland) Act 1878 | |
| Created |   1875 |
 1878 |
|
| Abolished by | Local Government Act 1894 |
| Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 | |
| Abolished | 1894 |
| 1899 |
|
| Possible types | Urban |
| Rural | |
| Government | Sanitary authority |
Sanitary Districts were established in England and Wales in 1875 and in Ireland in 1878. History The Roman occupation of Britain was the first period in which the area of present-day England and Wales was administered as a single unit (with the exception Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The Public Health Act of 1875 was established in the United Kingdom to combat filthy urban living conditions which caused various Public health threats the spreading The Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict c 73 created a system of Urban districts and Rural districts with elected councils in all areas of England The Local Government (Ireland Act 1898 (61 & 62 Vict c 37 is a piece of legislation passed as an Act of Parliament by the Parliament of the United Kingdom England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The districts were of two types, based on existing structures:
- Urban sanitary districts in towns with existing local government bodies
- Rural sanitary districts in the remaining rural areas of poor law unions. A Poor Law Union was a unit used for local government in the United Kingdom from the 19th century
Each district was governed by a sanitary authority and was responsible for various public health matters such as providing clean drinking water, sewers, street cleaning, and clearing slum housing. "Board of Health" redirects here This page describes the defunct bodies in England and Wales which used that name not any modern ones A slum, as defined by the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security
In England and Wales, both rural and urban sanitary districts were replaced in 1894 by the Local Government Act 1894 by the more general rural districts and urban districts. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict c 73 created a system of Urban districts and Rural districts with elected councils in all areas of England Rural districts were a type of Local government area &ndash now superseded &ndash established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales, and In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, an urban district was a type of Local government district that covered an Urbanised area A similar reform was carried out in Ireland in 1899 by the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898. Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Local Government (Ireland Act 1898 (61 & 62 Vict c 37 is a piece of legislation passed as an Act of Parliament by the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Contents |
England and Wales
Sanitary districts were formed under the terms of the Public Health Acts 1873 and 1875. The Public Health Act of 1875 was established in the United Kingdom to combat filthy urban living conditions which caused various Public health threats the spreading Instead of creating new divisions, existing authorities were given additional responsibilities.
Urban sanitary districts were formed in any municipal borough governed under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, in any Improvement Commissioners District formed by private act of parliament, and in any Local Government District formed under the Public Health Act 1848 or Local Government Act 1858. Municipal boroughs were a type of Local government which existed in England and Wales between 1835 and 1974 in Northern Ireland from 1840 to The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 (5 & 6 Wm IV c76 - sometimes known as the Municipal Reform Act - required members of town councils ( Municipal corporations Boards of improvement commissioners were ad-hoc boards created during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in the United Kingdom. "Board of Health" redirects here This page describes the defunct bodies in England and Wales which used that name not any modern ones "Board of Health" redirects here This page describes the defunct bodies in England and Wales which used that name not any modern ones "Board of Health" redirects here This page describes the defunct bodies in England and Wales which used that name not any modern ones
The existing governing body of the town (municipal corporation, improvement commissioners or local board of health) was designated as the urban sanitary authority.
When sanitary districts were formed there were approximately 225 boroughs, 575 local government districts and 50 improvement commissioners districts designated as urban sanitary districts. Over the next nineteen years the number changed: more urban sanitary districts were formed as towns adopted legislation forming local boards and as additional boroughs were incorporated; over the same period numerous urban sanitary districts were absorbed into expanding boroughs.
Rural sanitary districts were formed in all areas without a town government. They followed the boundaries of existing poor law unions formed in 1837, less the areas of urban sanitary districts. A Poor Law Union was a unit used for local government in the United Kingdom from the 19th century Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Any subsequent change in the area of the union also changed the sanitary district. At the time of abolition in 1894, there were 572 rural sanitary districts.
The rural sanitary authority consisted of the existing poor law guardians for the rural parishes involved.
The Local Government Act 1894 brought an end to sanitary districts in England and Wales. The Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict c 73 created a system of Urban districts and Rural districts with elected councils in all areas of England In boroughs, the sanitary authority was merged into the corporation. All other urban sanitary districts were renamed as urban districts, governed by an urban district council. In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, an urban district was a type of Local government district that covered an Urbanised area Rural sanitary districts were replaced by rural districts, for the first time with a directly elected council. Rural districts were a type of Local government area &ndash now superseded &ndash established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales, and It was a requirement that whenever possible a rural district should be within a single administrative county, which led to many districts being split into smaller areas along county lines. An administrative county was an Administrative division in England and Wales and Ireland used for the purposes of Local government. A few rural districts with parishes in two or three different counties persisted until the 1930s.
The Local Government Act 1972 made district councils, London borough councils, the City of London Corporation, and Inner Temple and Middle Temple be the sanitary authorities. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales The administrative area of Greater London contains thirty-two London boroughs. The City of London Corporation (formerly known as the Corporation of London)is the municipal governing body of the City of London. The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple is one of the four Inns of Court around the Royal Courts of Justice in London which may call members to The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple is one of the four Inns of Court exclusively entitled to call their members to the English Bar as Barristers
Ireland
A system of sanitary districts was established in Ireland by the Public Health (Ireland) Act 1878, modelled on that in England and Wales.
Urban sanitary districts were established in the following categories of towns:
- The City of Dublin
- Boroughs governed under the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840
- Towns having Town Commissioners and a population exceeding 6,000
- Townships with Town Commissioners under private acts of parliament
The existing corporation or commissioners became the urban sanitary authority. Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. The Municipal Corporations Act (Ireland 1840 (3 & 4 Vict c 108 An Act for the Regulation of Municipal Corporations in Ireland, was passed by the Parliament of Town Commissioners were elected local government bodies established in urban areas in the island of Ireland in the nineteenth century The Local Government Board of Ireland, created by the same act, could designate other towns with commissioners as urban sanitary districts.
Rural sanitary districts were formed in the same way as those in England and Wales, and with similar rural sanitary authorities.
The sanitary districts were abolished in 1899, under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, being merged in boroughs, or forming urban and rural districts. The Local Government (Ireland Act 1898 (61 & 62 Vict c 37 is a piece of legislation passed as an Act of Parliament by the Parliament of the United Kingdom A large number of the rural sanitary districts were broken up into smaller rural districts along county lines, often taking the name of the sanitary district followed by a number - for instance, Ballyshannon rural sanitary district was split into Ballyshannon No. 1, Ballyshannon No. 2 and Ballyshannon No. 3 rural districts in Counties Donegal, Fermanagh and Leitrim respectively.
Scotland
Sanitary districts were not formed in Scotland. By the Public Health (Scotland) Act 1867 public health duties were given to the town councils, commissioners or trustees of burghs, and to parochial boards. A Burgh (ˈbʌʀə is an autonomous corporate entity in Scotland, usually a Town. In 1890 the public health duties of parochial boards were allocated to the newly created county councils, administered by district committees. A County council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a County.
See also
List of sanitary districts in Dorset
Sources
- Local Government Areas 1834 - 1945, V D Lipman, Oxford, 1949
- Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England (2 vols. Under the Public Health Acts 1873 and 1875 the Poor Law Unions were used as the basis for sanitary districts ) F A Youngs, London, 1991
- Public Health Act 1873 (35 & 36 Vict. c. 79)
- Public Health Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 55)
- Public Health (Ireland) Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict. c. 52)
References
Dictionary
sanitary district
-noun
- either of two types of civil authorities set up in England in the late 19th century to be responsible for public health
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