Citizendia

For other uses, see San Juan. San Juan is Spanish for Saint John. It can also be the short version of San Juan Bautista ( John the Baptist)
San Juan, Puerto Rico
San Juan with the Luquillo Mountain Range (Sierra de Luquillo) in the background.
San Juan with the Luquillo Mountain Range (Sierra de Luquillo) in the background.
Flag of San Juan, Puerto Rico
Flag		Official seal of San Juan, Puerto Rico
Seal
Nickname: La Ciudad Amurallada (The Walled City)
Location of San Juan within the island of Puerto Rico
Location of San Juan within the island of Puerto Rico
San Juan, Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico)
San Juan, Puerto Rico
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Location of San Juan within the island of Puerto Rico
Coordinates: 18°27′00″N 66°04′00″W / 18.45, -66.066667
CountryUnited States
TerritoryPuerto Rico
Wards (barrios)18
Founded1508/1521
Government
 - MayorJorge A. Santini Padilla (NPP)
 - Senatorial dist. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This article is about US insular areas For US States that designate themselves as "Commonwealths" see Commonwealth (United States. Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} Jorge Santini Padilla (born 1960 is a Puerto Rican politician affiliated with the New Progressive Party (PNP 1 - San Juan/Guaynabo
 - House dist. 1,2,3,4,5
Area [1]
 - City76. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 93 sq mi (199. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 2 km²)
 - Land47. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 82 sq mi (123. 9 km²)
 - Water29. 11 sq mi (75. 4 km²)  37. 8%
Population (2000)[1]
 - City434,374
 - Density9,084. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 4/sq mi (3,507. 5/km²)
 - Metro2,509,007
 - GentilicSanjuaneros
 - Racial groups
(2000 Census) [2]		72. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place 7% White
11. White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. 9% Black
0. The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse 5% American Indian/AN
0. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Alaska Natives are Indigenous peoples of the Americas native to the state of Alaska within the United States. 5% Asian
0. Asian or Asiatic is a Demonym for people from Asia. However the use of the term varies by country and person often referring to people from a particular 0% Native Hawaiian/PI
9. "Kanaka" redirects here For the Tamil actress see Kanaka (actress. Pacific Islander (or Pacific Person, pl Pacific People, also called Oceanic[s] ' is a geographic term to describe the Austronesian 1% Some other race
5. 4% Two or more races
Time zoneAST (UTC-4)
Anthem"En Mi Viejo San Juan"
Website: www.sanjuancapital.com

San Juan (IPA: [saŋ hwaŋ]) (from the Spanish San Juan Bautista, "Saint John the Baptist") is the capital and largest municipality in Puerto Rico. The Atlantic Standard Time Zone (AST is a geographical region that keeps time by subtracting four hours from either Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time ( UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram. Puerto Rico census statistical areasThere are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the United States Government but Puerto Rico has 78 Municipalities Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} As of the 2000 census, it has a population of 433,733, making it the 42nd-largest city under the jurisdiction of the United States. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census The The United States of America —commonly referred to as the San Juan was founded by Spanish colonists in 1521, who called it Ciudad de Puerto Rico ("Puerto Rico City"). The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries In addition to being the oldest city in Puerto Rico it is the oldest European-founded U. S. city, older than even St. Augustine, Florida. St Augustine is the County seat of St Johns County, Florida, in the United States. Puerto Rico's capital is the second oldest European-established city in the Americas, after Santo Domingo, now in the Dominican Republic. Santo Domingo de Guzmán (known as Santo Domingo population 2084852 (Metro (2003 estimated 2253437 (Metro in 2006 is the Capital and largest city in the The Dominican Republic ( Spanish: República Dominicana;) is a nation located in the Caribbean region and shares the island of Hispaniola with [3] Several historical buildings are located in San Juan; among the most notable are the city's former defensive forts, Fort San Felipe del Morro and Fort San Cristobál, and La Fortaleza, the oldest executive mansion in continuous use in the Americas. La Fortaleza, ( The Fortress) is the current Official residence of the Governor of Puerto Rico.

Today, San Juan serves as one of Puerto Rico's most important seaports,[4] and is the island's manufacturing, financial, cultural, and tourism center. The Port of San Juan is a Seaport facility located in the metropolitan area of San Juan Puerto Rico. San Sebastian GateJPG|thumb|right|300px|The San Sebastian Gate home to an annual festival in Old San Juan. The population of the metropolitan area, including San Juan and the municipalities of Bayamón, Guaynabo, Cataño, Canóvanas, Caguas, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Carolina and Trujillo Alto, is about 2 million inhabitants; thus, about half the population of Puerto Rico now lives and works in this area. Bayamón is a municipality of Puerto Rico located on the northern coastal valley north of Aguas Buenas and Comerío; south of Toa Baja and Guaynabo (pronounced as ˌɡwaiˈnabo also known as Guaynabo City or GC is a municipality in the northern part of Puerto Rico, located Cataño is a municipality ( Municipio) located on northern coast of Puerto Rico bordering the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent to the north and east by Canóvanas (kah-NO-vah-nahs is a Municipality in Puerto Rico, located in the northeastern region north of Juncos and Las Piedras; south Caguas ( (founded in 1775) is a City and municipality of Puerto Rico located in the Central Mountain Range of Puerto Rico, south of San Toa Alta (TO-ah AHL-tah is a Municipality of Puerto Rico located in the northern coast of the island north of Naranjito; south of Dorado and Toa Baja (TO-ah BAH-hah is a Municipality of Puerto Rico located in the northern coast north of Toa Alta and Bayamón; east of Dorado Carolina (kah-ro-LEE-nah is a city located in the northern part of Puerto Rico, bordering the Atlantic Ocean north of Gurabo and Juncos; east of Trujillo Alto (troo-HEE-yo AHL-to is a Municipality of Puerto Rico located in the Northern Coastal Plain and in the Karst zone north of Caguas [5] The city has been the host of numerous important events within the sports community, including the 1979 Pan American Games, 1966 Central American and Caribbean Games, 2006 World Baseball Classic and the Caribbean Series. The Pan American Games are a Multi-sport event, held every four years between competitors from all nations of The Americas. The Central American and Caribbean Games are the oldest continuing regional games The World Baseball Classic, sometimes abbreviated WBC, is an international Baseball tournament first held in March 2006. The Caribbean Series is a Baseball tournament the brainchild of the Venezuelans Oscar "El Negro" Prieto and Pablo Morales, who devised the idea

Contents

History

Ruins of Juan Ponce de Leon's residence at Caparra
Ruins of Juan Ponce de Leon's residence at Caparra

In 1508, Juan Ponce de León founded the original settlement Caparra (named after the province Caceres, Spain, the birthplace of then-governor of Spain's Caribbean territories Nicolas de Ovando),[6] which today is known as the Pueblo Viejo sector of Guaynabo, just to the west of the present San Juan metropolitan area. Juan Ponce de León ( IPA: /xwan'ponʒedele'on/ (1460 – July 1521 was a Spanish Conquistador. San Juan (saŋ hwaŋ (from the Spanish San Juan Bautista, " Saint John the Baptist " is the Capital and largest municipality in Cáceres is a province of western Spain, in the northern part of the autonomous community of Extremadura. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. See the talk page for details--> Guaynabo (pronounced as ˌɡwaiˈnabo also known as Guaynabo City or GC is a municipality in the northern part of Puerto Rico, located A year later, the settlement was moved to a site then called Puerto Rico, Spanish for "rich port" or "good port," after its similar geographical features to the island of Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands. Gran Canaria (in English " Grand Canary " is an island of the Canary Islands, an Archipelago located in the Atlantic Ocean 210 km from The Canary Islands ( English pronunciation kəˈnæriː ˈaɪləndz Spanish: Islas Canarias, ˈizlas kaˈnarjas are a Spanish [7] In 1521, the newer settlement was given its formal name, San Juan Bautista de Puerto Rico, in honor of John the Baptist, following the tradition of christening the town with both its formal name and the name which Christopher Columbus had originally given the island. Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram. Christopher Columbus (1451 &ndash May 20 1506 was an Italian Navigator, colonizer

La Puerta de San Juan (San Juan Gate).
La Puerta de San Juan (San Juan Gate).

The ambiguous use of San Juan Bautista and Puerto Rico for calling both the city and the island led to a reversal in practical use by most inhabitants: by 1746, the name for the city (Puerto Rico) had become that of the entire island, while the name for the Island (San Juan Bautista) had become the name for the city. [8]


San Juan, as a settlement of the Spanish Empire, was used by merchant and military ships traveling from Spain as the first stopover in the Americas. The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America Because of its prominence in the Caribbean, a network of fortifications was built to protect the transports of gold and silver from the New World to Europe. The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth specifically the Americas and Australia. Because of the rich transports, San Juan became a target of the foreign powers of the time. [9]

The city was witness to attacks from the English led by Sir Francis Drake in 1595 and by George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, in 1598. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Sir Francis Drake, Vice Admiral, (c 1540 &ndash 27 January 1595 was an English Privateer, navigator, Slaver, and politician George Clifford 3rd Earl of Cumberland ( 8 August 1558 &ndash 30 October 1605) was an English peer as well as a naval The title of Earl of Cumberland was created in the Peerage of England in 1525 for the Baron de Clifford. Artillery from San Juan's fort, El Morro, repelled Drake; however, Clifford managed to land troops and lay siege to the city. Fort San Felipe del Morro —or El Castillo San Felipe del Morro in Spanish — is a sixteenth-century Citadel which lies on the northwestern-most point [10] After a few months of British occupation, Clifford was forced to abandon the siege when his troops began to suffer from exhaustion and sickness. In 1625 the city was sacked by Dutch forces lead by Boudewijn Hendricksz, but El Morro withstood the assault and was not taken. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The English attacked again in 1797, during the French Revolutionary Wars, led by Sir Ralph Abercromby (who had just conquered Trinidad). The Battle of San Juan was a 1797 British attack on the Spanish Port city of San Juan in Puerto Rico. The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts from 1792 until 1802 fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states Lieutenant-General Sir Ralph Abercromby, KB (sometimes spelled Abercrombie ( 7 October 1734 &ndash 28 March 1801) was Trinidad ( Spanish: " Trinity " is the largest and most populous of the two major islands and His army laid siege to the city but was forced to withdraw in defeat as the Puerto Rican defenses proved more resilient than those of Trinidad. Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} Various events and circumstances, including liberalized commerce with Spain, the opening of the island to immigrants as a direct result of the Royal Decree of Graces of 1815, and the colonial revolutions, led to an expansion of San Juan and other Puerto Rican settlements in the late 18th and early 19th century. The Royal Decree of Graces of 1815 is a legal order approved by the Spanish Crown in the early half of the 19th Century to encourage Spaniards and later Europeans

In May 1898, United States Navy ships, among them the USS Detroit, USS Indiana, USS New York, USS Amphitrite, USS Terror and USS Montgomery, commanded by Rear Admiral William T. Sampson, bombed San Juan during the Spanish-American War, though the city was not occupied. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Construction Indiana was laid down on 7 May 1891 by William Cramp and Sons of Philadelphia Pennsylvania. USS New York (ACR-2 Assigned to the South Atlantic Squadron, New York departed New York Harbor 27 December 1893 for Early Service The second USS Amphitrite —the lead ship in her class of iron-hulled twin-screw monitors —was laid down in 1874 at Wilmington See also See USS ''Terror'' for other ships of this name Rear admiral is a Naval Commissioned officer rank above that of a Commodore and Captain, and below that of a Vice Admiral. William Thomas Sampson ( 9 February 1840 &ndash 6 May 1902) was a United States Navy Admiral known for his victory [11][12] On July 25, General Nelson A. Miles landed at Guánica (in southwestern Puerto Rico) with 3,300 soldiers and took over the island with little resistance. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Nelson Appleton Miles ( August 8, 1839 &ndash May 15, 1925) was an American soldier who served in the American Civil War, Indian Guánica (GWAH-nee-kah is a Municipality in southwestern Puerto Rico located on southern coast bordering the [13] Spain ceded the island to the United States later the same year by signing the Treaty of Paris. The Treaty of Paris of 1898, signed on December 10, 1898, ended the Spanish-American War.

Lieutenant Teofilo Marxuach
Lieutenant Teofilo Marxuach

Camp Las Casas, located in the district of Santurce, served as the main training camp for the Puerto Rican soldiers prior to World War I and World War II; the majority of the men trained in this facility were assigned to the 65th Infantry Regiment of the United States Army. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The 65th Infantry Regiment, nicknamed " The Borinqueneers " was an all-volunteer Puerto Rican Regiment of the United States Army. This regiment has been active since 1898, and it is still active today. Camp Las Casas was eventually closed down, and in 1950 a public housing project by the name of Residencial Fray Bartolome de Las Casas was constructed on its former location. Residencial Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas, more commonly known as Residencial Las Casas or Las Casas, is a public housing complex located in San Juan

Lieutenant Teofilo Marxuach (Retired as a Lieutenant Colonel), a native of Arroyo, Puerto Rico, was responsible for the first bullet shot by the American military during World War I, when he ordered the "Porto Rico Regiment of Infantry" to open fire on the Odenwald, a German armed supply ship, when it was trying to force its way out of San Juan’s bay. Lieutenant Colonel Teófilo Marxuach, ( July 28, 1877 - November 8, 1939) was the person who ordered the first shot fired in World War I Arroyo (ah-RO-yo is a Municipality in the Southern Coastal Valley of Puerto Rico and bordered by the Caribbean Sea east of the municipality of Guayama This event occurred on April 6, 1917, the day that the United States declared war on Germany. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year

Geography

San Juan from outer space
San Juan from outer space

San Juan is located at 18°27′0″N, 66°04′00″W, and is suitated along the north-eastern coast of Puerto Rico. It lies south of the Atlantic Ocean; north of Guaynabo and Trujillo Alto; east of and Bayamón; and west of Carolina. Guaynabo (pronounced as ˌɡwaiˈnabo also known as Guaynabo City or GC is a municipality in the northern part of Puerto Rico, located Trujillo Alto (troo-HEE-yo AHL-to is a Municipality of Puerto Rico located in the Northern Coastal Plain and in the Karst zone north of Caguas Bayamón is a municipality of Puerto Rico located on the northern coastal valley north of Aguas Buenas and Comerío; south of Toa Baja and Carolina (kah-ro-LEE-nah is a city located in the northern part of Puerto Rico, bordering the Atlantic Ocean north of Gurabo and Juncos; east of The city occupies an area of 76. 93 square miles (199. 2 km²), of which, 29. 11 square miles (75. 4 km²) is water. The majority San Juan's water territory is composed of San Juan Bay, and of two natural lagoons, the Condado and the San José. The Condado Lagoon (Laguna del Condado is one of two natural lagoons in San Juan Puerto Rico. [14]

Climate

San Juan's climate is classified as tropical marine. San Juan enjoys an average temperature of 82 °F (28 °C) during the year, although 90 °F (32 °C) or higher temperatures are often felt during the summer, especially if the winds come from the south. In the winter, temperatures can drop to the 60s, though the average winter low is 71 °F (22 °C). The coldest temperature ever recorded was 60 °F (16 °C) on March 3, 1957, and the hottest was 98 °F (37 °C) on October 9, 1981. Rainfall is well-distributed all year, but the months of February, March and April are the driest. San Juan is a tropical city. [15]

Cityscape

Old San Juan occupies the western end of a rocky islet at the mouth of San Juan Bay. During the 20th century, the main population centers surged well beyond the walls of the old city and onto Puerto Rico's main island, and merged with the existing settlements east and south of Old San Juan. As a result, the city is now composed of a variety of neighborhoods.

Old San Juan

Blue cobbled Mercado Street in Old San Juan.
Blue cobbled Mercado Street in Old San Juan.
Streets in Old San Juan.
Streets in Old San Juan.
Main article: Old San Juan, Puerto Rico

During the Spanish colonial times most of the urban population resided in what is now known as Old San Juan. See also San Juan Puerto Rico Old San Juan (Spanish Viejo San Juan is the oldest settlement within the territory of the United See also San Juan Puerto Rico Old San Juan (Spanish Viejo San Juan is the oldest settlement within the territory of the United This sector is located on the western half of a small island called the Isleta de San Juan, which is connected to the mainland by two bridges and a causeway. In modern usage a causeway is a road or railway elevated by a bank usually across a broad Body of water or Wetland. The small island, which comprises an area of 47 mi² (122 km²), also hosts the working class neighborhood of Puerta de Tierra and most of Puerto Rico's central government buildings, including the Commonwealth's Capitol. Puerta de Tierra is a district within San Juan Puerto Rico. It is located in Viejo San Juan or " Old San Juan " on the Isleta de San Juan, a The Executive Branch of the Government of Puerto Rico comprises various Departments which provide public services to the citizens of Puerto Rico. The Capitol of Puerto Rico (Capitolio de Puerto Rico is located within San Juan which is the Capital of Puerto Rico. The main central part of the city is characterized by narrow cobblestone streets and picturesque colonial buildings, some of which date back to the 16th and 17th century. Cobblestones are stones that were frequently used in the pavement of early Streets "Cobblestone" is derived from the very old English word "cob" Sections of the old city are surrounded by massive walls and several defensive structures and notable forts. These include the 16th century Fort San Felipe del Morro and 17th century Fort San Cristóbal, both part of San Juan National Historic Site, and the 16th century El Palacio de Santa Catalina, also known as La Fortaleza, which serves as the governor's mansion. Fort San Felipe del Morro —or El Castillo San Felipe del Morro in Spanish — is a sixteenth-century Citadel which lies on the northwestern-most point For the Spanish homonymous fort see Fort San Cristóbal (Spain. San Juan National Historic Site in San Juan Puerto Rico La Fortaleza, ( The Fortress) is the current Official residence of the Governor of Puerto Rico. La Fortaleza, ( The Fortress) is the current Official residence of the Governor of Puerto Rico. [16] Other buildings of interest predating the 20th century are the Ayuntamiento or Alcaldía (City Hall), the San José Church (1523) and the adjacent Hotel El Convento, the former house of the Ponce de León family known as Casa Blanca, the Teatro Tapia, the former Spanish barracks (now Museum of Ballajá), La Princesa (former municipal jail, now a history museum), and the municipal cemetery of Saint María Madgalena of Pazzis, located just outside the city walls. Hotel El Convento is a hotel in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico. It is located opposite the San Juan Cathedral and a few blocks from La Fortaleza, the renowned The Teatro Tapia, in Puerto Rico is likely to oldest free-standing drama stage building still in use in the United States [17][18][19] The Cathedral of San Juan Bautista (construction began in the 1520s) is also located in Old San Juan, and contains the tomb of the Spanish explorer and settlement founder Juan Ponce de León. The Cathedral of San Juan Bautista is a Roman Catholic Cathedral in Old San Juan Puerto Rico. Juan Ponce de León ( IPA: /xwan'ponʒedele'on/ (1460 – July 1521 was a Spanish Conquistador. [20] Old San Juan, also known as the "old city", is the main cultural tourist attraction in Puerto Rico; its bayside is lined by dock slips for large cruise ships.

Districts

The Central Business District as viewed from Ocean Park.
The Central Business District as viewed from Ocean Park.

San Juan is subdivided into 18 wards (barrios)[21], 16 of which fall within the former (until 1951) municipio of Rio Piedras. Eight barrios are further subdivided in to sub-barrios, including both barrios of the former municipio of San Juan.

Main article: Subdivisions of San Juan, Puerto Rico
  1. Caimito
  2. El Cinco
  3. Cupey
  4. Gobernador Piñero
  5. Hato Rey Central
  6. Hato Rey Sur
  1. Hato Rey Norte
  2. Monacillo
  3. Monacillo Urbano
  4. Oriente
  5. Pueblo
  6. Quebrada Arenas
  1. Sabana Llana Norte
  2. Sabana Llana Sur
  3. San Juan Antiguo
  4. Santurce
  5. Tortugo
  6. Universidad

East of Old San Juan lies the upscale tourist oriented neighborhood of Condado, which occupies land that used to be owned by entrepreneur Pablo Ubarri Capetillo, a Spanish railroad developer and Count of San José de Santurce under the Spanish colonial period. San Juan is subdivided into 18 wards ' “barrios” or neighbourhoods, 16 of which fall within the former (until 1951 municipio of Rio Piedras Hato Rey is a district of San Juan Puerto Rico, in the northwest of the former Municipality of Río Piedras, and southwest of Santurce. See also San Juan Puerto Rico Old San Juan (Spanish Viejo San Juan is the oldest settlement within the territory of the United Santurce is a district or barrio in San Juan Puerto Rico. The name Santurce comes from St El Condado is an oceanfront tree-lined vibrant pedestrian-oriented community in San Juan Puerto Rico. Beaches such as nearby Ocean Park, popular with swimmers, surfers and kitesurfers, are found all along the district's Atlantic coastline which is also the locus of numerous hotels. Ocean Park is an upscale beachfront community of San Juan Puerto Rico. Surfing is a surface water sport in which the participant is carried along the face of a breaking wave, most commonly using a Surfboard, although wave-riders Kitesurfing, kiteboarding, uses wind power to pull a rider through the water on a small Surfboard or a kiteboard (which is like a Wakeboard) [22]

Near Condado are two separate business districts, Santurce and Miramar. Santurce is a district or barrio in San Juan Puerto Rico. The name Santurce comes from St Miramar is located in Puerto Rico 's capital city of San Juan, close to historic Old San Juan and part of Santurce's 40 “sub-barrios”, it Miramar is mainly a residential area rising south of the Condado Lagoon. It comprises the former barrio of Miraflores, as well as drained marshland and landfill over which was built San Juan's first airport, the Isla Grande airport, which was renamed Fernando Luis Ribas Dominicci Airportin honor of Major Fernando Luis Ribas-Dominicci (USAF). Barrio is a Spanish word meaning District or Neighborhood. The Word has come into use in English mostly through the large Fernando Luis Ribas Dominicci Airport, also commonly known as Isla Grande Airport, is a small Airport in San Juan, about 5 minutes by air and 15 minutes Major Fernando Luis Ribas-Dominicci ( June 24, 1952 &ndash April 15, 1986) was an F-111F pilot in the United States Air Force Miramar now hosts the Puerto Rico Convention Center as well as some of San Juan Harbor's cruise ship piers. The Puerto Rico Convention Center ( PRCC) (or Centro de Convenciones de Puerto Rico in Spanish) is a Convention center located in In 2005 Miramar was designated an historical district of Puerto Rico. [23]

Santurce, originally named San Mateo de Cangrejos (Saint Matthew of the Crabs), was a settlement for freed African slaves during the early days of the city. After Pablo Ubarri sought permission to link San Juan with Río Piedra proper via steam tramway in 1878, the time it took to travel between both points were shortened and thereby stimulated the colonization and growth of the district. At the beginning of the twentieth century an electric trolley was installed, the township was split into three parts, and its main settlement, merged with the city, was renamed using the Spanish spelling of Santurtzi (Saint George in Basque), Ubarri's birthplace in Vizcaya, Spain. Santurtzi ( Spanish: Santurce; Basque: Santurtzi) is a port town in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community In Christian hagiography Saint George is one of the most venerated saints in the Anglican Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Population Of the 1133444 people who live in Biscay about 35% live in the capital Bilbao and 88% in its metropolitan area. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The "Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico" (Puerto Rico Museum of Art)[24] and other important cultural venues are located in Santurce.

Looking down an Old San Juan street towards the bay
Looking down an Old San Juan street towards the bay

South of Santurce is Hato Rey, part of the former municipality of Río Piedras. Hato Rey is a district of San Juan Puerto Rico, in the northwest of the former Municipality of Río Piedras, and southwest of Santurce. Hato Rey was grazing ground for cattle owned by the royal government (hence its name, the King's Herd in Spanish) as early as the 16th century,[25] and is now considered the financial center of the island. A section of this district is often referred to as the "Golden Mile" (actually 0. For other uses see Golden Mile. Golden Mile (Milla de Oro is a nickname given to a one mile stretch portion of the Ponce de León Avenue in 47 miles/0. 76 kilometres long) due in part to the many banks and businesses located there. [25]

In the southern part of the city is the socially diversified community of Río Piedras. Río Piedras is the largest district of the city of San Juan Puerto Rico. Founded in the mid 1850s, Río Piedras was a separate town which hosted sugar cane plantations and the estates of some of San Juan's wealthiest inhabitants (as well as their working class staff). The Spanish colonial governors also had their summer home there on land which eventually gave way to the main campus of the University of Puerto Rico. Founded in 1903 the University of Puerto Rico ( Universidad de Puerto Rico in Spanish, UPR) is the oldest and largest University system in In 1951 the municipalities of San Juan and Río Piedras were merged to redefine San Juan's current city limits. Today Río Piedras comprises the largest area of the municipality of San Juan. [26] and is home to the renowned, traditional “ Plaza del Mercado” (Río Piedras Marketplace), the main campus and the Medical Sciences campus of the University of Puerto Rico and the San Juan Botanical Garden. A marketplace is the space actual or metaphorical in which a Market operates Founded in 1903 the University of Puerto Rico ( Universidad de Puerto Rico in Spanish, UPR) is the oldest and largest University system in The San Juan Botanical Garden, also known as the Botanical Garden of the University of Puerto Rico, is located in the Caribbean city of

Demographics

Demographic distribution
San Juan
Río Piedras
Racial distribution

San Juan is the largest city in Puerto Rico in population. [1] From 1899 to 1950 the municipality of San Juan excluded the township of Río Piedras. For this reason, population data and land area for the period make reference only to the Antiguo San Juan and Santurce barrios, or subdivisions, of San Juan. The old municipality of Río Piedras constituted the third most populated city of Puerto Rico at the time of its annexation in 1951. Its strategic location south of the capital served as a junction for all the principal ways of transportation of the Island and as a geographical entry to San Juan, which are factors that prompted Río Piedras's dramatic urban development in the 20th century.

Economy

San Juan experienced significant economic growth following World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including During this period the city underwent an industrial revolution. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the [28] The city’s economy relies mostly on companies dedicated to the manufacture of several products, including: Chemical substances (bleach and house cleaning products); medicines; rum and other beverages; fertilizers; electric tools; electronic devices; plastics, textiles, and food-based products. A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition. Rum is a Distilled beverage made from Sugarcane by-products such as Molasses and sugarcane Juice by a process of fermentation Fertilizers ( also spelt fertiliser are chemical compounds given to Plants to promote growth they are usually applied either through the soil for uptake by plant Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. [28] Tourism is also a key industry, based on San Juan’s proximity to Puerto Rico’s main airport, the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport. Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport is a public Airport located in Carolina Puerto Rico 3 miles (5 km southeast of San Juan, Puerto Rico [28] The tourism focus of the city is located in the district of Condado Beach where there are numerous luxurious hotels. [28] Historical locations such as El Morro, Old San Juan and El Cuartel de Ballaja are promoted in tourism campaigns. The district of Hato Rey contains a corporate sector known as “La Milla de Oro,” which serves as the headquarters of numerous local and international banks. San Juan is often referred to as the “Wall Street of the Caribbean,” due to the influence of the area on the city’s economy. [25]

Tourism

Due to technological advances after World War II in the development of the airliner coupled with the island's climate and natural setting, has transformed San Juan into the springboard for tourism around the island, and has made the rest of the Caribbean known throughout the world during the last fifty years. [29] Today the capital boasts numerous hotels, museums, historical buildings, restaurants, beaches and shopping centers. In San Juan there are a lot of attractions, for example: Old San Juan, Ocean Park, Isla Verde and Condado. See also San Juan Puerto Rico Old San Juan (Spanish Viejo San Juan is the oldest settlement within the territory of the United Ocean Park is an upscale beachfront community of San Juan Puerto Rico. El Condado is an oceanfront tree-lined vibrant pedestrian-oriented community in San Juan Puerto Rico.

Places and monuments emphasized in tourism campaigns consist of: Old San Juan, promoting the historic nature of its colonial buildings and narrow streets covered by adoquine, a blue stone cast from furnace slag; they were brought over as ballast on Spanish ships. [28] This includes the city's ancient defensive wall and forts, most notably El Morro and the Castle of San Cristóbal. [28] On January 23, 1984 both of these edifications were catalogued as being part of humanity's cultural patrimony. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) [28] The numerous restaurants and art galleries in the zone are frequently visited by visitors. [28] The local universities are promoted as historic places, most notably the campus of University of Puerto Rico located in Rio Piedras, which is the oldest university in the island being founded in 1903.

Culture

Façade of " El Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico" in Santurce, one of San Juan's most beautiful landmarks.
Façade of " El Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico" in Santurce, one of San Juan's most beautiful landmarks.
See also: List of notable residents of San Juan, Puerto Rico

San Juan is the birthplace of numerous artists and musicians, locally known as Sanjuaneros, who have significantly influenced the Puerto Rican culture. San Juan Puerto Rico has been the birth place to many notable artists politicians scientists and sportsmen locally referred to as " Sanjuaneros " During the 20th century the musical aspect of the city was influenced by performers including Afro-Caribbean dancer and choreographer Sylvia del Villard and José Enrique Pedreira who became a renowned composer of Puerto Rican Danzas. Sylvia del Villard ( February 28, 1928 - February 28, 1990) was an actress dancer choreographer and Afro-Puerto Rican activist Jose Enrique Pedreira ( February 2, 1904 - January 6, 1959) born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, was a renowned composer of The Music of Puerto Rico has been influenced by the African, Taíno Indians and the Spanish, and has become very popular across International musicians such as renowned opera singer Justino Díaz and Grammy Award winners Raymond Ayala and Ricky Martin were born in the city. Justino Diaz (born January 29, 1940) is an internationally renowned Baritone singer The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Ramón (Raymond Ayala (born February 3 1977 known artistically as Daddy Yankee, is a Latin Grammy Award -winning Puerto Rican Reggaeton recording Enrique Martín Morales (born December 24, 1971) better known by his Stage name Ricky Martin, is a Grammy Award and Latin Grammy Other notable residents include writers Manuel A. Alonso and Tomas Blanco, award-winning actors Raúl Juliá and Benicio del Toro, and comedian Jose Miguel Agrelot. Dr Manuel A Alonso ( October 6, 1822 &ndash November 4, 1889) was a writer poet and journalist Tomas Blanco ( December 9, 1897 – April 12, 1975) was a Writer and Historian. Raúl Rafael Juliá y Arcelay ( March 9, 1940 &ndash October 24, 1994) better known as Raúl Juliá, was an actor from Benicio Monserrate Rafael del Toro Sánchez (born February 19 1967 is a Puerto Rican Actor and Film producer. Giuseppe Michael Agrelot ( April 21, 1927 &ndash January 28, 2004) better known as José Miguel Agrelot, was a Puerto Rican Rafael Cordero (1790–1868), was influential in the development of Puerto Rican education and is renowned as “ The Father of Public Education in Puerto Rico. Rafael Cordero (1790 &ndash 1868 known as "The Father of Public Education in Puerto Rico" was a self-educated Puerto Rican of African ancestry who provided ” The city is also the home of numerous contemporary and classic art museums. The Puerto Rico Arts Museum owns the largest collection of contemporary art in Puerto Rico, housing over 1,100 permanent art pieces and displaying numerous temporary exhibitions containing artwork from various locations trough Latin America. [30]

The Museum of Contemporary Art of Puerto Rico, located in Santurce, specializes in contemporary artwork from locations in Latin America and the Caribbean. The paintings displayed in the permanent exhibition are either acquired by the museum’s administrative personnel or donated by artists and collectors. They are judged by a panel of painters, art critics, and scholars before being displayed. [31]

Other museums such as the Pablo Casals Museum, the Book Museum, Americas Museum and the National Gallery display historic items and artwork alongside contemporary art. [32][33] Miscellaneous museums such as the Children’s Museum and the Bacardi Distillery (also known as the "Rum Cathedral") in nearby Cataño appeal to different audiences through interactive exhibitions. Bacardi is the world's largest family-owned spirits company best known as a producer of Rums including Bacardi Superior and Bacardi 151. Cataño is a municipality ( Municipio) located on northern coast of Puerto Rico bordering the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent to the north and east by [34][35]

Government

As one of Puerto Rico's 78 municipalities, San Juan, has a popularly elected mayor and municipal assembly. The current mayor is the Honorable Jorge A. Santini Padilla and is responsible for appointing a secretary-auditor and a treasurer. The municipal assembly is made up of 17 officials.

San Juan's City Hall or Casa Alcaldia, is located at 153 San Francisco Street in front of the Plaza de Armas or Military Square at the center of Old San Juan. It was constructed based on Madrid's City Hall starting in 1604 and was finally completed in 1789.

Law enforcement in San Juan is the joint responsibility of the San Juan Police Department and the Puerto Rico Commonwealth Police. Law Enforcement under United States rule (since 1898 The United States took possession of Puerto Rico in July 1898 as a result of the Spanish American War and has The San Juan Police Department was created in 1521 (as the San Juan Municipal Guard which had both military and police functions) and currently employs about 1,000 sworn officers plus civilian staff.

Education

Main tower of the University of Puerto Rico campus in Rio Piedras
Main tower of the University of Puerto Rico campus in Rio Piedras

San Juan is influential in the educational aspect of Puerto Rico, serving as location to many universities and colleges. Founded in 1903 the University of Puerto Rico ( Universidad de Puerto Rico in Spanish, UPR) is the oldest and largest University system in Río Piedras is the largest district of the city of San Juan Puerto Rico. The most prestigious universities in the area include the main campus UPRRP and the Medical Sciences Campus of the University of Puerto Rico, the University of the Sacred Heart, the Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico, the Ana G. The University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Campus ( UPRRP) &mdashor Universidad de Puerto Rico Recinto de Río Piedras in Spanish &mdash is a Founded in 1903 the University of Puerto Rico ( Universidad de Puerto Rico in Spanish, UPR) is the oldest and largest University system in The Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico ( PUPR) &mdashcommonly referred as Poly or La Poly in Spanish &mdash is a private Méndez University System's Metropolitan University, the Metropolitan Campus of the Inter American University of Puerto Rico, the Carlos Albizu University, the Evangelic Seminary of Puerto Rico and the Center for Advanced Studies on Puerto Rico and the Caribbean. The Metropolitan University &mdashor Universidad Metropolitana ( UMET) in Spanish &mdash is a private, Non-profit, and Secular The Inter American University of Puerto Rico —or Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico ( UIPR) in Spanish, and often referred as Inter — Carlos Albizu University ( CAU) is a private Non-profit University offering Undergraduate and graduate studies in Psychology The Evangelical Seminary of Puerto Rico &mdashor Seminario Evangélico de Puerto Rico ( SEPR) in Spanish &mdash is a Mainline Protestant The Center for Advanced Studies on Puerto Rico and the Caribbean (Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Puerto Rico y El Caribe is a State university in Old San Juan, There are numerous minor colleges located in the city, including the ICPR Junior College, the "Instituto de Banca y Comercio" and the International Junior College, located in Santurce. [36] There are several technological campuses located in San Juan, such as the Technological College of San Juan, the "Liceo de Artes y Ciencias", Ramirez College of Business and Technology and the Puerto Rico Technical Junior College. The Puerto Rico Conservatory of Music and the School of Plastic Arts in Old San Juan are specialized in education that promote the fine arts and music. The Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico (Conservatorio de Música de Puerto Rico is a public institution of higher learning located in San Juan, Puerto Rico. [36]

In addition to dozens of state-run elementary, junior- and senior-high schools, the San Juan City Government now operates two bilingual schools, including one sports-magnet school, the first municipal-run schools in Puerto Rico.

Most of Puerto Rico's best private schools are located in San Juan, including Robinson and St. John's in the Condado, Perpetuo Socorro in Miramar, St. El Condado is an oceanfront tree-lined vibrant pedestrian-oriented community in San Juan Puerto Rico. Miramar is located in Puerto Rico 's capital city of San Juan, close to historic Old San Juan and part of Santurce's 40 “sub-barrios”, it John's Episcopal and Santa Mónica in Santurce, La Merced and Espíritu Santo in Hato Rey, San José, San Ignacio and San Antonio in Río Piedras and Cupeyville in Cupey. Santurce is a district or barrio in San Juan Puerto Rico. The name Santurce comes from St Hato Rey is a district of San Juan Puerto Rico, in the northwest of the former Municipality of Río Piedras, and southwest of Santurce. Río Piedras is the largest district of the city of San Juan Puerto Rico.

Transportation

The Port of San Juan is the busiest port in the Caribbean and one of the busiest in the world.
The Port of San Juan is the busiest port in the Caribbean and one of the busiest in the world. The Port of San Juan is a Seaport facility located in the metropolitan area of San Juan Puerto Rico.

The Port of San Juan is the fourth busiest seaport in the Western Hemisphere, ranked among the top 17 of the world in terms of container movement. The Port of San Juan is a Seaport facility located in the metropolitan area of San Juan Puerto Rico. It is also the largest home-based cruise port in the world with over a dozen cruise ships plying its docks with new cruise ships either originating or calling at the port every year.

The Metropolitan Area is served by two airports. The Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport, San Juan's primary commercial airport, is located eight miles (12. Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport is a public Airport located in Carolina Puerto Rico 3 miles (5 km southeast of San Juan, Puerto Rico 7 km) from Old San Juan in neighboring Carolina. The airport accommodates more than 30 domestic and international airlines and is the busiest airport in the Caribbean. It is often referred to as "The Gateway to the Caribbean" because it serves as the main connection to the island and the rest of the Caribbean for the United States and vice versa. The second airport in the area is the Fernando Ribas Dominicci Airport, which is located directly across the Caño San Antonio from Old San Juan in the Isla Grande district. Fernando Luis Ribas Dominicci Airport, also commonly known as Isla Grande Airport, is a small Airport in San Juan, about 5 minutes by air and 15 minutes [37] Dominicci Airport is used mainly by general aviation aircraft, charter flights, and some domestic commercial flights. It used to be the city's and also the island of Puerto Rico's main international gateway until the opening of Luis Muñoz Marin International Airport. Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport is a public Airport located in Carolina Puerto Rico 3 miles (5 km southeast of San Juan, Puerto Rico It is now also widely used by the Isla Grande Flight School and Caribbean Flight Center, the only flight schools on the island.

Public transport

See also: Tren Urbano

Increased investment in public transportation has not changed the fact that San Juan is an automobile reliant city and its fast growth has sparked urban sprawl. The Tren Urbano &mdash or Urban Train in English &mdash is a 10 It is currently served by five limited-access expressways and highways and numerous arterial avenues and boulevards and suffers from severe traffic congestion. [38]

Tren Urbano at Bayamón Station.
Tren Urbano at Bayamón Station.

In an attempt to decrease vehicle dependency and road congestion, the City constructed a metro system dubbed “Tren Urbano” ("Urban Train"). A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway The Tren Urbano &mdash or Urban Train in English &mdash is a 10 The 10. 7 mile (17. 2 km) line connects to sixteen stations. [39] The project, which opened in late 2004, cost 2. 25 billion dollars and was more than $1 billion over budget and four years late. Although the Tren Urbano has received less than expected ridership than was originally projected, it has failed to make a significant impact on reducing the city's traffic, besides the fact that 2006 has reported a 7. 5% increase in ridership over 2005.

Metropolitan Bus Authority (“Autoridad Metropolitana de Autobuses” or AMA in Spanish) provides daily bus transportation to residents of San Juan, Guaynabo, Bayamón, Toa Baja, Trujillo Alto, Cataño, and Carolina through 30 different routes. In Puerto Rico, Public corporations are separate legal entities who are owned either entirely or in great majority by the Government of Puerto Rico. Its fleet consists of 277 regular buses and 35 buses for handicapped persons, and its ridership is estimated at 112,000 on work days. [40]

A daily ferry service known as the Cataño Ferry, (“La Lancha de Cataño” in Spanish) which operates a route across San Juan Bay between Old San Juan and the municipality of Cataño. La Lancha de Cataño ( The Cataño Ferry) is a Ferry service that is widely known by Puerto Ricans and used by tourists that visit Puerto Rico Cataño is a municipality ( Municipio) located on northern coast of Puerto Rico bordering the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent to the north and east by [41]

There is a planned project to build a “light interurban rail system” connecting the cities of San Juan and Caguas. The San Juan-Caguas Rail project will link the Puerto Rican cities of San Juan and Caguas through a "light interurban rail" network [42]

Health and utilities

The main hospital and medical school in the city of San Juan is "El Centro Medico de Rio Piedras" (Rio Piedras Medical Center). The Medical Center is a conglomaration of Hospitals located in the same place. It has various helicopters in service, allowing patients and people in need of medical attention to be carried to the center from many places around the island.

Sports

Night view of the José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum.
Night view of the José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum.

Teams based in San Juan have been notably successful in athletic competition. The Santurce Crabbers won the National Superior Basketball League championship on 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2003 during this period being recognized as a dynasty. The Santurce Crabbers ( Cangrejeros de Santurce) are a BSN Basketball team from the San Juan area of Santurce National Superior Basketball &mdashor Baloncesto Superior Nacional ( BSN) in Spanish &mdash is the main Puerto Rican men's The San Juan Senators and the Santurce Crabbers were the two major baseball teams in the city, winning the championship of the Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League a total of seventeen times. The Santurce Crabbers (Cangrejeros de Santurce is a professional Baseball team in Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico that has been playing The Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League (Liga de Béisbol Profesional de Puerto Rico or LBPPR) is the main professional Baseball league in Puerto Rico The Santurce Crabbers are located third among teams with more championships in the Caribbean Series, winning championships in the 1951, 1953, 1955, 1993 and 2000 editions of the tournament. The Caribbean Series is a Baseball tournament the brainchild of the Venezuelans Oscar "El Negro" Prieto and Pablo Morales, who devised the idea The city has also been the host of numerous events within the sports community; some examples include:

The recently-built $28-million San Juan Natatorium is beginning to attract islandwide and regional swim meets, as well winter training by top-rated mainland U. S. colleges and universities, including the United States Military Academy at West Point and the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis. "USMA" redirects here For other uses see USMA (disambiguation The United States Military Academy (also known as USMA, "USMA" redirects here For other uses see USMA (disambiguation The United States Military Academy (also known as USMA, The United States Naval Academy is an undergraduate college in Annapolis, Maryland, United States that educates and commissions officers of the United States Annapolis is the capital of the US state of Maryland, as well as the County seat of Anne Arundel County.

In July 2007, the San Juan Golf Academy and its golf driving range began operating atop the city's former sanitary landfill in Puerto Nuevo and will eventually include the city's first and only 9-hole golf course. Puerto Nuevo is a community located in the municipality of Playas de Rosarito in the Mexican state of Baja California; it is famous as the "Lobster

Professional teams

ClubSportLeagueNotes
Santurce CrabbersBasketballNational Superior BasketballGames are played in the Jose Miguel Agrelot Coliseum or in Mario "Quijote" Morales Coliseum in Guaynabo. The Santurce Crabbers ( Cangrejeros de Santurce) are a BSN Basketball team from the San Juan area of Santurce National Superior Basketball &mdashor Baloncesto Superior Nacional ( BSN) in Spanish &mdash is the main Puerto Rican men's The José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum, officially named " Coliseo de Puerto Rico José Miguel Agrelot " (and nicknamed El Choliseo, in honor of [50]
Playeros de San JuanVolleyball (Men's)Liga Superior de Volleyball Masculino
Chicas de San JuanVolleyball (Women's)Liga Superior de Volleyball Femenino
FraigcomarSoccerCampeonato Nacional de Fútbol
San Juan GalaxySoccerCampeonato Nacional de Fútbol
Don BoscoSoccerLiga Premiere de Futbol de Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico Islanders BSoccerLiga Premiere de Futbol de Puerto Rico
Club Deportivo GallitosSoccerLiga Premiere de Futbol de Puerto Rico

Sister cities

The following cities have been identified as sister cities by Sister Cities International:[51]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b c San Juan and its barrios. Club de Fútbol Fraigcomar is a Puerto Rican football club which currently play in Puerto Rican's first division Campeonato Nacional de Fútbol de Puerto Rico - 2007 Fraigcomar San Juan Galaxy Caguas Huracán Campeonato Nacional de Fútbol de Puerto Rico - 2007 Fraigcomar San Juan Galaxy Caguas Huracán Saint John Bosco (born 'Giovanni Melchiorre Bosco' and known in English as Don Bosco ( August 16 1815 &ndash January 31 1888 Sister Cities International is a Non-profit organization dedicated to promoting and fostering Town twinning, especially between cities in the United States Cartagena de Indias (kaɾtaˈhena ð̞e ˈin̪d̪jas in Spanish; the usual English pronunciation is ˌkɑrtəˈheɪnə deɪ ˈɪndiəs is a large city Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital This is a list of national capitals of the world in alphabetical order The Spanish Colonial Style dominated in the early Spanish colonies of North and South America as well as in the Philippines. United States Census Bureau (2000). Retrieved on 2007-05-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
  2. ^ Demographics/Ethnic U.S 2000 census
  3. ^ Magaly Rivera. San Juan Capital City. Welcome to Puerto Rico. Retrieved on 2007-05-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
  4. ^ the San Juan Port (Spanish). Puerto Rico Port Authority (2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of
  5. ^ About Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico Tourism Company (2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
  6. ^ "Guaynabo -- Encyclopædia Britannica" (with history of Puerto Rico),Encyclopædia Britannica, 2006, Britannica. Guaynabo (pronounced as ˌɡwaiˈnabo also known as Guaynabo City or GC is a municipality in the northern part of Puerto Rico, located Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc com webpage:EB-Guaynabo-Puerto-Rico:names: Caparra, the first Spanish settlement of Puerto Rico (1508). San Juan (saŋ hwaŋ (from the Spanish San Juan Bautista, " Saint John the Baptist " is the Capital and largest municipality in
  7. ^ Historic places in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. National Park Service. Retrieved on 2007-05-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
  8. ^ Historia de San Juan de Puerto Rico (Spanish). Vive San Juan (2006). Retrieved on 2007-05-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
  9. ^ San Juan National Historic Site. National Park Service (2000). Retrieved on 2007-05-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the
  10. ^ William Figueroa (2000). History of Puerto Rico (Spanish). Sol Boricua. Retrieved on 2007-05-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
  11. ^ José Oquendo. 1898 - Adjuntas en la Guerra Hispanoamericana (Spanish). Historia de Adjuntas, Puerto Rico. Retrieved on 2006-10-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated
  12. ^ Miguel J. Hernández. Erwin Letter from US Marine Alden Morse, at the USS New York, relating the bombing of San Juan del 12 Mayo 1898. Coquí. Net. Retrieved on 2007-05-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
  13. ^ Karl Stephen Herrman (2004). From Yauco to Las Marias a Recent Campaign in Puerto Rico. Kessinger Publishing, 2. ISBN 1-4191-2123-5.  
  14. ^ Puerto Rico Geography. ToPuertoRico. org. Retrieved on 2007-06-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper
  15. ^ Climate information for San Juan Intl. Airport. Climate-zone. com (2004). Retrieved on 2007-06-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected
  16. ^ Los Castillos del Viejo San Juan (Spanish). National Park Service. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  17. ^ History of El Cuartel de Ballajá (Spanish). Coquí. Net. Retrieved on 2007-05-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João
  18. ^ E. Ramirez Brau (2005). Viejo Cementerio de San Juan (graveyard's history) (Spanish). Retrieved on 2007-02-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
  19. ^ Teatro Tapia. Yahoo Travel. Retrieved on 2007-05-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João
  20. ^ Official Web Site of the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista (Spanish). Retrieved on 2007-05-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João
  21. ^ http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/sanjuan.pdf
  22. ^ Ocean Park...Hotels. Hola San Juan (2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  23. ^ Informese: Miramar designated a historical district. MiramarPR (2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  24. ^ Official site of the Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico (Spanish). Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico (2006). Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  25. ^ a b c Brenda A. Mari (2004-11-19). Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land "Eatin’ Where The Cows Used To Roam: Hato Rey Dining At Its Best". The Puerto Rico Herald. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  26. ^ Official site of the University of Puerto Rico (Spanish). Universidad de Puerto Rico (2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  27. ^ Ethnicity 2000 census
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h Microsoft Encarta Biblioteca (2006), Microsoft Corporation
  29. ^ Puerto Rico, Borinquen Querida - Authors; Roger A. LaBrucherie, Imágenes Press, (1992) ISBN 0-939302-26-8
  30. ^ Colección Permanente (Spanish). Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico. Retrieved on 2007-06-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
  31. ^ Colección Parmanente (Spanish). Museo de Arte Contemporaneo de Puerto Rico (2004). Retrieved on 2007-06-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
  32. ^ Orígenes, historia y misión del Museo (Spanish). Museo las Americas (2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
  33. ^ Galería Nacional, Viejo San Juan. Instituto de Cultura Puertoriqueña (2003). Retrieved on 2007-06-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
  34. ^ Historia del Museo del Niño (Spanish). Museo del Niño. Retrieved on 2007-06-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
  35. ^ Puerto Rico Attractions and Museums. Retrieved on 2007-06-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
  36. ^ a b Puerto Rico Colleges and Universities. Infoplease (2006). Retrieved on 2007-06-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians
  37. ^ Autoridad de puertos de Puerto Rico official website (Spanish). Autoridad de Puertos de Puerto Rico. Retrieved on 2007-05-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
  38. ^ About Puerto Rico...San Juan. Dollarman. com. Retrieved on 2007-05-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople
  39. ^ Alternativa de Transporte Integrado homepage (Spanish). Departamento de Trasportación Publica (2006). Retrieved on 2007-05-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
  40. ^ AMA: Descripción (Spanish). Departamento de Transportación Publica (2006). Retrieved on 2007-06-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians
  41. ^ Government's page on Lancha de Cataño's economical impact (Spanish). Gobierno de Puerto Rico (2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
  42. ^ Caguas To San Juan In 15 Minutes. Puerto Rico Herald (2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
  43. ^ Historia de los Juegos Centro Americanos y del Caribe (Spanish). Unión Pan Americana de Judo (1998). Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  44. ^ VIII Pan American Games. LA84 Foundation. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  45. ^ Caribbean World Series Historical Statistics 2005. Latino Baseball (2005). Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  46. ^ Josh Dubow (2003). Expos odyssey takes them back to Puerto Rico. SingOnSanDiego. com. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  47. ^ Official site of the World Baseball Classic. World Baseball Classic (2006). Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  48. ^ Year by Year Champions. Fiba. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  49. ^ New Year's revolution Pay-Per-View history. World Wrestling Entertainment (2005). Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  50. ^ Coliseo de Puerto Rico Official Website (Spanish). SMG. Retrieved on 2007-05-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
  51. ^ Online Directory: Puerto Rico, Caribbean. Sister Cities International (2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians

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