Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Samuel de Champlain

Statue symbolizing Samuel de Champlain in Quebec, Canada
Born about 1567
unknown
Died December 25, 1635
Quebec City, New France
Occupation Sailor, Navigator, and Cartographer
Known for Exploration of New France, founder of Quebec City, Canada, father of New France

Samuel de Champlain, (c. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the A navigator is the person onboard a ship or aircraft responsible for its Navigation. The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page 1567 [1] - 1635) the "father of New France," was born into a Protestant family in the Province of Saintonge, lived when young in the town of Brouage, a seaport on France's west coast and made a journey through Canada before, he died in 1635 in Québec. The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Saintonge is a small region on the Atlantic coast of France within the département Charente-Maritime, west and south of Charente Hiers-Brouage is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in western France. A sailor, he also came to be respected as a talented navigator, a cartographer, and the founder of Quebec City. Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province He was also integral in opening North America to French trade, especially the fur trade. The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal Fur. Champlain's pattern was to spend several months or years exploring North America and then head back to France to raise more funds for further explorations.


Contents

Early travels

He lived [2] in Brouage, France before the end of the XVIth century, as was reported in the title of his 1603 book. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. He belonged to either a Protestant family, or a tolerant one, in a Protestant region, as his Biblical first name (Samuel) was not usually given to Catholic children. [3]

Champlain arrived on board the Bonne-Renommée on his first trip to North America on March 15, 1603, as an observer, with members of a fur-trading expedition. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Although he had no official assignment on the voyage commanded by François Gravé Du Pont, he created a map of the St. Lawrence River and after his return to France on September 20th, wrote an account published as Des Sauvages: ou voyage de Samuel Champlain, de Brouages, faite en la France nouvelle l'an 1603 ("Concerning the Savages: or travels of Samuel Champlain, of Brouages, made in New France the year 1603"). Saint Lawrence River (in French: fleuve Saint-Laurent; Kahnawáˀkye in Tuscarora, Kaniatarowanenneh meaning big waterway The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the [4] Asked by Henry IV to make a report on his further discoveries, Champlain joined another expedition to New France in the spring of 1604 led by Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts, a Protestant merchant given fur trade monopoly in new France by Henry IV. Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III Pierre du Gua de Monts, (c 1558 - 1628 was a French merchant explorer and colonizer Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III Champlain helped found the Saint Croix Island settlement in the Bay of Fundy. Saint Croix is also an island in the United States Virgin Islands Saint Croix Tides Folklore in the Mi'kmaq First Nation claims that the tides in the Bay of Fundy are caused by a giant whale splashing in the water However, after enduring a harsh winter on the island, the settlement was abandoned the following spring when Champlain relocated the settlers to the Fundy coast of Nova Scotia at Port Royal. The Habitation at Port-Royal was an early French colonial settlement and is presently a National Historic Site located at Port Royal in the Canadian province of Champlain remained at the site until 1607, while he explored the Atlantic coast.

In 1605 and 1606, Champlain explored the land that is now Chatham, Cape Cod as a prospective settlement but small skirmishes with the resident Monomoyick Indians dissuaded him from the idea. Chatham is a town in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States, Barnstable County being coextensive with Cape Cod. Cape Cod (or simply the Cape to most New Englanders is a Peninsula nearly coextensive with Barnstable County Massachusetts and forming the easternmost He named the area Port Fortune. [5]

Founding of Quebec City

In the spring of 1607, three ships left the French port of Honfleur, one of them the Don-de-Dieu commanded by Champlain. In June, the small group of settlers arrived at Tadoussac. There, they left the ships and continued to Québec in small boats. On July 3, 1608, Champlain landed at the "point of Quebec" and set about fortifying the area by building three main buildings (each two stories tall), to which he referred collectively as "l'Abitation", and also a moat 12 feet (4 m) wide. This was to become the city of Quebec. Fortifying Quebec City became one of his passions, which he embarked on periodically for the rest of his life.

Relations and war with natives

During the summer of 1609, Champlain attempted to form better relations with the local First Nations. He made alliances with the Wendat that the French called Huron and with the Algonquin, the Montagnais and the Etchemin, who lived in the area of the St. Lawrence River and who demanded that Champlain helped them in their war against the Iroquois, who were much more to the south. "Huron" redirects here For other uses see Huron (disambiguation. "Huron" redirects here For other uses see Huron (disambiguation. The Algonquins (or Algonkins) are an aboriginal North American people speaking Algonquin, an Anishinaabe language. Saint Lawrence River (in French: fleuve Saint-Laurent; Kahnawáˀkye in Tuscarora, Kaniatarowanenneh meaning big waterway The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the "League of Peace and Power" the "Five Nations" the "Six Nations" or the "People of the Longhouse Champlain set off with 9 French soldiers and 300 natives in order to explore the Rivière des Iroquois (now Richelieu River) when he subsequently mapped Lake Champlain. The Richelieu River is a river in Quebec, Canada. It flows from Lake Champlain about 171 km (106 miles north ending into the St Lake Champlain (French lac Champlain) is a natural freshwater Lake in North America, located mainly within the borders of the United States Having had no encounters with the Iroquois at this point many of the men headed back, leaving Champlain with only 2 Frenchmen and 60 natives.

On July 29 at Ticonderoga (now Crown Point, New York), Champlain and his party encountered a group of Iroquois. Ticonderoga is a Town in Essex County, New York, USA. The population was 5167 at the 2000 census Crown Point is a Town in Essex County, New York, USA. The population was 2119 at the 2000 census A battle began the next day. 200 Iroquois advanced on Champlain's position as a native guide pointed out the 3 Iroquois chiefs. Champlain fired his arquebus and killed 2 of them with one shot. The Arquebus (sometimes spelled harquebus, harkbus or hackbut; from Dutch haakbus, meaning "hook gun" is One of his men killed the third. The Iroquois turned and fled. This was to set the tone for French-Iroquois relations for the next one hundred years.

After this expedition, he returned to France in an unsuccessful attempt, with the Sieur de Monts, to renew their fur trade monopoly. Pierre du Gua de Monts, (c 1558 - 1628 was a French merchant explorer and colonizer They did, however, form a society with some Rouen merchants, in which Quebec would become an exclusive warehouse for their fur trade and, in return, the Rouen merchants would support the settlement. Rouen (ʁwɑ̃ in French) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and currently the capital

Exploration of New France

On March 29, 1613, he arrived back in New France and proclaimed his new royal commission. Champlain set out on May 27 to continue his exploration of the Huron country and in hopes of finding the "northern sea" he had heard about (probably Hudson Bay). He traveled the Ottawa River, later giving the first description of this area (In 1953, a rock was found at a location now known as the Champlain lookout, which bore the inscription Champlain juin 2, 1613). This is about the river in Canada For other uses see Ottawa River (disambiguation. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Storyland is a Theme park located northwest of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, near the town of Renfrew Ontario in Horton Township It was in June that he met with Tessouat, the Algonquin chief of Allumettes Island, and offered to build the tribe a fort if they were to move from the area they occupied, with its poor soil, to the locality of the Lachine Rapids. Tessouat ( Anishinaabe: Tesswehas) ( c ??? &ndash 1636 / 1654) was an Algonquin chief from the Kitchesipirini L'Isle-aux-Allumettes is a municipality in the Outaouais region, part of the Pontiac Regional County Municipality Quebec, Canada

By August 26 Champlain was back in Saint-Malo. Saint-Malo ( Breton: Sant-Maloù; Gallo: Saent-Malô) is a walled port city in Brittany in northwestern There he wrote an account of his life from 1604 to 1612 and his journey up the Ottawa river, his Voyages[6] and published another map of New France. In 1614 he formed the "Compagnie des Marchands de Rouen et de Saint-Malo" and "Compagnie de Champlain", which bound the Rouen and Saint-Malo merchants for eleven years. He returned to New France in the spring of 1615 with four Recollects in order to further religious life in the new colony. The Récollets ( English Recollects) were a French branch of the Roman Catholic order the Franciscans ( Latin Ordo Fratrum Minorum) first established in The Roman Catholic Church would be given en seigneurie large and valuable tracts of land estimated at nearly 30% of all the lands granted by the French Crown in New France. The seigneurial system of New France was the semi- feudal system of land distribution used in the colonies of New France. List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the [7]

Champlain continued to work to improve relations with the natives promising to help them in their struggles against the Iroquois. With his native guides he explored further up the Ottawa River and reached Lake Nipissing. This is about the river in Canada For other uses see Ottawa River (disambiguation. Lake Nipissing ( French: lac Nipissing) is a Lake in the Canadian province of Ontario. He then followed the French River until he reached the fresh-water sea he called Lac Attigouautau (now Lake Huron). The French River (or Rivière des Français) is a river in central Ontario, Canada. Lake Huron, bounded on the west by the US state of Michigan, and on the east by the province of Ontario, Canada, is one of the five Great

In 1615, Champlain was escorted through the Peterborough area by a group of Hurons. He used the ancient portage between Chemong Lake and Little Lake (now Chemong Road); stayed for a short period of time in Bridgenorth area.

Military expedition

On September 1, at Cahiagué (on Lake Simcoe), he started a military expedition. Lake Simcoe is a Lake in southern Ontario, Canada, the twelfth-largest lake in the province The party passed Lake Ontario at its eastern tip where they hid their canoes and continued their journey by land. Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. They followed the Oneida River until they found themselves at an Onondaga fort. The Oneida River in Central New York State flows from Oneida Lake to its confluence with the Seneca and Oswego Rivers The Oswego Pressured by the Hurons to attack prematurely, the assault failed. Champlain was wounded twice in the leg by arrows, one in his knee. The attack lasted three hours until they were forced to flee.

Although he did not want to, the Hurons insisted that Champlain spend the winter with them. During his stay he set off with them in their great deer hunt, during which he became lost and was forced to wander for three days living off game and sleeping under trees until he met up with a band of Indians by chance. He spent the rest of the winter learning "their country, their manners, customs, modes of life". On May 22, 1616, he left the Huron country and was back in Quebec on July 11 before heading back to France on July 2.

Improving administration in New France

Map of New France.
Map of New France.

Champlain returned to New France in 1620 and was to spend the rest of his life focusing on administration of the country rather than exploration.

Champlain spent the winter building Fort Saint-Louis on top of Cap Diamant. By mid-May he learned that the fur trade had been handed over to another company led by the Caen brothers. After some tense negotiations, it was decided to merge the two companies under the direction of the Caens. Champlain continued to work on relations with the Indians and managed to impose on them a chief of his choice. He also managed to create a peace treaty with the Iroquois tribes.

Champlain continued to work on improving his fortification around what became Quebec City, laying the first stone on May 6, 1624. On August 15 he once again returned to France where he was encouraged to continue his work as well as to continue to look for a passage to China. At the time, most of the European powers believed that North America included a passage on land to China. By July 5th he was back at Quebec and continued expanding the city.

Things were not to continue well for Champlain and his small village. Supplies were low during the summer of 1628 and English merchants had pillaged Cap Tourmente in early July. The Cap Tourmente National Wildlife Area is located on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River in the Charlevoix region of Quebec. On July 10, Champlain received a summons from the Kirke brothers, English merchants. Sir David Kirke (c 1597 &ndash 1654 was an adventurer colonizer and governor for the king of England. Champlain refused to deal with them and, in response, the English cut off supplies from going to the city. By the spring of 1629 supplies were dangerously low and Champlain was forced to send people to Gaspé to conserve rations. On July 19, the Kirke brothers arrived and Champlain was forced to negotiate the terms of the cities' capitulation. By October 29, Champlain found himself in London.

A member of the Compagnie des Cent-Associés, from 1629 to 1635 Champlain was commander in New France "in the absence of my Lord the Cardinal de Richelieu". The Company of One Hundred Associates was a business enterprise created at a time when all territories explored by the French and seized as a part of the French colonial This article is about a cardinal For information on the Russian also called The Red Eminence, see Mikhail Andreyevich Suslov. [2] During the next several years Champlain wrote Voyages de la Nouvelle France dedicated to Cardinal Richelieu as well as Traitté de la marine et du devoir d’un bon marinier. It wasn't until the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1632 that Quebec was given back to France and on March 1, 1633, Champlain reclaimed his role as commander of New France on behalf of Richelieu. The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was signed on March 29, 1632.

Champlain returned to Quebec on May 22, 1633, after an absence of four years. On August 18, 1634, he sent a report to Richelieu stating that he had rebuilt on the ruins of Quebec, enlarged its fortifications, constructed another habitation 15 leagues upstream, as well as another one at Trois-Rivières. Trois-Rivières is a City in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada, located along the densely populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor He had also begun an offensive against the Iroquois Indians stating he wanted them wiped out or "brought to reason".

Illness and death

Posthumous portrait of Champlain by E. Ronjat (19th C). No period portrait of Champlain exists.
Posthumous portrait of Champlain by E. Ronjat (19th C). No period portrait of Champlain exists. [8]

By October 1635, Champlain was stricken with a stroke. He died on December 25, 1635 leaving no immediate heirs. Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian He was buried temporarily in the church while construction was finished on the chapel of Monsieur le Gouverneur. Unfortunately, it was destroyed by fire in 1640 and immediately rebuilt but nothing is known of it after 1640, although after 1674 it no longer existed. As such the exact burial site of Champlain is unknown.

However, Jesuit records tell us he died in the hands of his friend Charles Lallemant who also heard his last confession, a reassuring point for a Catholic of the period. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Charles Lallemant (Lalemant ( November 17, 1587 &ndash November 18, 1674) came from France in 1625 as the first superior of the Jesuit

Honours

Many sites and landmarks were named to honour Champlain, who remains, to this day, a prominent historical figure in many parts of Acadia, Ontario, Quebec, New York, and Vermont. The Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture ( ACADIA) is a Non-profit organization active in the area of Computer-aided architectural design Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Vermont ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. They include:

Anecdote

Example of a fictional "portrait of Champlain", by Théophile Hamel (1870), after a portrait of Particelli d'Émery by Moncornet. No authentic portrait of Champlain exists.
Example of a fictional "portrait of Champlain", by Théophile Hamel (1870), after a portrait of Particelli d'Émery by Moncornet. No authentic portrait of Champlain exists. [9]

There is no authentic portrait of Champlain. The only surviving picture we have of him is a drawing illustrating the battle at Lake Champlain in 1609, in which the facial features are too vague to make out. Some much-reproduced fictional "portraits of Champlain" have been shown to be actually made after a portrait of Michel Particelli d'Émery, by Balthasar Moncornet. /* Anecdote */

Notes

  1. ^ There is evidence that Champlain might have been born as late as about 1580. This is based on the known year of birth (1560) of François Gravé, and on what Champlain wrote about Gravé: (translation) "His age would make me respect him like my father. "
  2. ^ Champlain never wrote where he was born, but were he lived when young: in Brouage.
  3. ^ According to Alain Laberge, Chair of the History Department at Quebec City's Laval University, also a specialist in the history of New France, Champlain was a Protestant. Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. A guest on the February 6, 2008 CBC radio priogram, Sounds Like Canada, Professor Laberge said that the fact of Champlain's Protestantism was downplayed and omitted from education material by the Roman Catholic Church who controlled the Province of Quebec's education system until 1963. Sounds Like Canada was a Canadian radio program which aired weekday mornings on CBC Radio One from 2002 to 2008 Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk
  4. ^ Since his marriage contract, at the end of 1609 in Paris, and by 1612, when this was reprinted, he was credited as "sieur de Champlain [1].
  5. ^ NPS Archeology Program: Visit Archeology
  6. ^ Les voyages du Sieur de Champlain, Saintangeois, capitaine ordinaire pour le Roy en la Marine.
  7. ^ Dalton, Roy. The Jesuit Estates Question 1760-88, p. 60. University of Toronto Press, 1968. The University of Toronto Press Inc (or UTP) is a Publishing house and an independent division of the University of Toronto that engages in Academic
  8. ^ François Pierre Guillaume Guizot, A Popular History of France from the Earliest Times Vol. 6, Chapter 53, (Boston: Dana Estes & Charles E. Lauriat (Imp. ), 19th C. ), 190.
  9. ^ Morris Bishop, Samuel de Champlain: The Life of Fortitude (New York: Knopf, 1948), 6-7.

10. Nobody knew what Samuel really looked like. But people needed a picture of him when he got famous. All people knew was that he had a goatee. Someone went into the newspaper and cut out a picture of someone with a goatee. Turns out that that picture was the picture of the man who was a murder that was going to get hung the next day.

References

Preceded by
Henry II, Prince of Condé		 Lieutenant General of New France
1613 - 1627		 Succeeded by
Champlain, as Governor
Preceded by
Champlain, as Lieutenant General		 Governor of New France
1627 - 1635		 Succeeded by
Charles de Montmagny

External links

Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works Rare Book Room is an educational website for the repository of digitally scanned rare books made freely available to the public
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic