- This article is about the signer of the Declaration of Independence. For the U. S. Congressman, see Samuel Chase (congressman). Samuel Chase (1789&ndash August 3, 1838) was an American lawyer from Otsego County New York.
| Samuel Chase | |
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| In office February 4, 1796 – June 19, 1811 |
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| Nominated by | George Washington |
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| Preceded by | John Blair |
| Succeeded by | Gabriel Duvall |
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| Born | April 17, 1741 Somerset County, Maryland |
| Died | June 19, 1811 (aged 70) Baltimore, Maryland |
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Samuel Chase (April 17, 1741 – June 19, 1811), was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court and earlier was a signatory to the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Maryland. Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States are the members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the John Blair Jr (October 1731&ndash August 31, 1800) was an American politician, Founding Father, and Patriot. Gabriel Duvall ( December 6, 1752 - March 6, 1844) was a US jurist Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Year 1741 ( MDCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Somerset County is the southernmost County in the US state of Maryland, located on the state's Eastern Shore. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Year 1741 ( MDCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States are the members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4 1776 announcing that the thirteen American colonies then Early in life, Mr. Chase was a "firebrand" states-righter and revolutionary. [1] For unknown reasons, perhaps just emotional maturation, his political views changed during his life and career. In the last decades of his career he became well-known as a staunch Federalist, and was impeached for allegedly letting his partisan leanings affect his court decisions. The Federalist Party (or Federal Party) was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816 with remnants lasting into the 1820s Chase was acquitted.
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Youth and early career
Samuel was the only child of the Reverend Thomas Chase (c. 1703-1779) and his wife, Matilda Walker (?-by 1744), born near Princess Anne, Maryland. Princess Anne is a town in Somerset County, Maryland, United States. [2]
His father a clergyman who had immigrated to Somerset County where his father took up a new pulpit. Somerset County is the southernmost County in the US state of Maryland, located on the state's Eastern Shore. Samuel was educated at home. He was eighteen when he left for Annapolis where he studied law under attorney John Hall. Annapolis is the capital of the US state of Maryland, as well as the County seat of Anne Arundel County. [2] He was admitted to the bar in 1761[3] and started a law practice in Annapolis.
Family and personal life
In May 1762, Chase married Ann Baldwin, daughter of Thomas Baldwin and his wife Agnes. Samuel and Anne had had three sons and four daughters, with only four surviving to adulthood. [2]
In 1784, Chase traveled to England to deal with Maryland's Bank of England stock, where he met Hannah Kitty, daughter of Samuel Giles, a Berkshire physician. The Bank of England (formally the Governor and Company of the Bank of England) is a state-owned institution and the Central bank of the United Kingdom Berkshire (ˈbɑːkʃə or /ˈbɑːkʃɪə/ say Baak-shuh/-sheer sometimes abbreviated to Berks) is a Home County in the South They were married later that year and had two daughters. [2]
Career in Annapolis
In 1762, chase was expelled from the Forensic Club, an Annapolis debating society, for "extremely irregular and indecent" behavior. [2] This was only the first of the major controversies to surround his life.
In 1764, Chase was elected to the Maryland General Assembly where he served for twenty years. The Maryland General Assembly is the state legislature of the U [3]
In 1769 he started construction of the mansion that would become known as the Chase-Lloyd House, which he sold unfinished in 1771. The Chase-Lloyd House in Annapolis Maryland is a brick three-story Georgian mansion dating from 1769-1774 with interiors by William Buckland. The house is now a National Historic Landmark. A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the
He co-founded Anne Arundel County's Sons of Liberty chapter with his close friend William Paca as well as leading opposition to the 1765 Stamp Act. Anne Arundel County (ˌænəˈrʌndəl with a stress on the run) is a County located in the U The Sons of Liberty was a Secret organization of American Patriots which originated in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution. William Paca ( October 31, 1740 October 13, 1799) was a signatory to the United States Declaration of Independence The Stamp Act of 1765 (short title Duties in American Colonies Act 1765; 5 George III c [2]
Continental Congress
From 1774 to 1776, Chase was a member of the Annapolis Convention. He represented Maryland at the Continental Congress, was re-elected in 1775 and signed the United States Declaration of Independence. The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4 1776 announcing that the thirteen American colonies then [3]
He remained in the Continental Congress until 1778. Year 1778 ( MDCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or The involvement of Chase in an attempt to corner the flour market, using insider information gained through his position in the Congress, resulted in his not being returned to the Continental Congress and damaging his reputation.
Judicial career
In 1786, Chase moved to Baltimore, which remained his home for the rest of his life. In 1788, he was appointed Chief justice of the District Criminal Court in Baltimore and served until 1796. The Chief Justice in many countries is the name for the presiding member of a Supreme Court in Commonwealth or other countries with an Anglo-Saxon justice system based on English In 1791, he became Chief Justice of the Maryland General Court, again serving until 1796. [3]
On January 26, 1796, President George Washington nominated Chase as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Chase served on the Court until his death on June 19, 1811. [3]
Impeachment
Chase was served with six articles of impeachment by the House of Representatives in late 1804, one of which involved Chase's handling of the trial of John Fries. Impeachment is the first of two stages in a specific process for a legislative body to forcibly remove a Government official The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Year 1804 ( MDCCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a John Fries's Rebellion, also called the House Tax Rebellion, the Home Tax Rebellion or the Hot-Water Rebellion because hot water was used to drive Two more focused on his conduct in the political libel trial of John Thompson Callender. Four articles focused on procedural errors made during Chase's adjudication of various matters, and an eighth was directed to his “intemperate and inflammatory … peculiarly indecent and unbecoming … highly unwarrantable … highly indecent” remarks while "charging" or authorizing a Baltimore grand jury. The Democratic-Republican-controlled United States Senate began the impeachment trial of Chase in early 1805, with Vice President Aaron Burr presiding. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives This article discusses Aaron Burr (1756-1836 the US politician
All the counts involved Chase's work as a trial judge in lower circuit courts. (In that era, Supreme Court justices had the added duty of serving as individuals on circuit courts, a practice that was ended in the late 19th century. ) The heart of the allegations was that political bias had led Chase to treat defendants and their counsel in a blatantly unfair manner. Chase's defense lawyers called the prosecution a political effort by his Democratic-Republican enemies. In answer to the articles of impeachment, Chase argued that all of his actions had been motivated by adherence to precedent, judicial duty to restrain advocates from improper statements of law, and considerations of judicial efficiency.
The Senate voted to acquit Chase of all charges on March 1, 1805, and he returned to his duties on the court. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1805 ( MDCCCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or He is the only U. S. Supreme Court justice to have been impeached. [3]
The acquittal of Chase -- by lopsided margins on several of the counts -- is believed to have helped ensure that an independent federal judiciary would survive partisan challenge. In Law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of Courts which administer Justice in the name of the sovereign or State As Chief Justice William Rehnquist noted in his book, Grand Inquests, some people expressed opinions at the time of Chase's trial that the Senate had absolute latitude in convicting a jurist it found unfit, but the acquittal set an unofficial precedent that judges would not be impeached based on their performance on the bench. William Hubbs Rehnquist (October 1 1924 – September 3 2005 was an American lawyer, jurist, and a political figure who served as an Associate Justice All judges impeached since Chase have been accused of outright criminality.
References
- ^ Samuel Chase, Freedom Firebrand (html). Delmarva Heritage Series by Dr. William H. Wroten, Jr. . Salisbury Times (March 23, 1959). Retrieved on 2008-05-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place
- ^ a b c d e f Chase, Samuel (1741- 1811) (html). Maryland Online Encyclopedia (MdOE). Maryland Online Encyclopedia, a joint project of the Maryland Historical Society, the Maryland Humanities Council, the Enoch Pratt Free Library, and the Maryland State Department of Education (2005). The Maryland Historical Society, founded in 1844 is the oldest cultural institution in the state of Maryland. The Enoch Pratt Free Library, located in Baltimore Maryland, USA is one of the oldest free Public libraries in the United States. Retrieved on 2007-12-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations.
- ^ a b c d e f Samuel Chase (html). The Supreme Court Historical Society. Retrieved on 2007-12-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations.
Further reading
- Haw,, James; F. F. Beirne, R. S. Jett (1980). Stormy Patriot: the Life of Samuel Chase. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society. ISBN 0938420003.
- Papenfuse, Edward C (July 1, 1987). Biographical Dictionary of the Maryland Legislature. 2 Vol. Set. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0801835704.
External links
| Legal offices | ||
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| Preceded by John Blair |
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States 1796-1811 |
Succeeded by Gabriel Duvall |
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