Marzuban (c. 963-December 998) was the Buyid amir of Iraq (983-987), as well as Fars and Kerman (988 or 989-998). Events By Place Asia Turkish Khan Sebük Tigin establishes his empire in modern day Afghanistan. Events By Place Europe Otto III retakes the city of Rome and reinstates his cousin Pope Gregory V, after mutilating Events By Place Asia Wood carvers commissioned by China's Song Dynasty complete a carving of the entire Buddhist canon Events By Place Europe Hugh Capet, Count of Paris, is crowned King of France. Fars (pronounced/fɑː(ɹs ( Persian: فارس Fârs) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. Kerman (کرمان is a city in Iran. It is the center of Kerman province. Events By Place Africa Al-Azhar University is founded in Cairo, Egypt (the second oldest university in the world Events By Topic Education Sankore University is founded in Timbuktu. He was the second son of 'Adud al-Daula. Aḍud al-Dawla ( Arabic: عضد الدولة) or Azod od-Dowleh Fana Khusraw ( ( September 24, 936, Isfahan - March
During 'Adud al-Daula's lifetime, Marzuban was assigned the governorships of Buyid Oman and Khuzestan. Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman ( Arabic: سلطنة عُمان) is an Arab Country in Southwest Asia on the southeast Khūzestān (خوزستان is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. Despite Marzuban's status as second son (Shirdil being the eldest), he was considered to be his father's heir. Shirdil Abu'l-Fawaris (c 960 - September 7, 988 or September 6, 989) was the Buyid amir of Kerman and Fars This issue was never completely clarified by 'Adud al-Daula before his death, resulting in a succession crisis. Marzuban, who was in Baghdad when his father died, at first kept his death secret in order to ensure his succession. He was invested by the caliph, and when he made the death of his father public, he took the title "Samsam al-Daula". The Caliph is the Head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah
Shirdil also laid his claims to the succession, and from his province of Kerman invaded and captured Fars. Kerman (کرمان is a city in Iran. It is the center of Kerman province. He took the title "Sharaf al-Daula". Sharaf al-Daula's invasion of Fars provided two more of Samsam al-Daula's brothers, Taj al-Daula and Diya' al-Daula, to set up their own rule in Basra and Khuzestan. Taj al-Daula was the Buyid ruler of Khuzestan during the 980s. Diya' al-Daula was the Buyid ruler of Basra during the 980s. He was the son of 'Adud al-Daula. Basra ( BGN: AlBasrah also called Basorah Abillah and Uruk or IRAQ The name that British colony has adopted for Basra In Diyarbakr, a Kurd named Badh ibn Hasanwaih took power and forced Samsam al-Daula to confirm him as its ruler. Diyarbakır (دیاربکر Diyâr-i Bekr 'land of the Bekr ' (from Persian) Kurdish Amed Zazaki language Dêrbekir Syriac To the north, Samsam al-Daula's uncle Fakhr al-Daula ruled an extensive territory from Ray. Fakhr al-Daula ( Arabic: فخر الدولة) (d October or November 997 was the Buyid amir of Jibal (976-980 984-997 Hamadan See Rayshahr for the Sassanid center of learning in Fars province The rulers of Basra and Khuzestan soon acknowledged Fakhr al-Daula as senior amir, making the latter the most powerful of the Buyids and moving the senior amirate from Iraq to Jibal. Jibāl ( جبال) was a short-lived Arab-ruled province located in western Iran, under the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad
Despite Fakhr al-Daula's power, it was Sharaf al-Daula who posed the largest threat to Samsam al-Daula. He recovered Buyid Oman, which had earlier seceded to Samsam al-Daula. In early 986 he captured Basra and Khuzestan, forcing the two brothers to flee to Fakhr al-Daula's territory. Events By Place Europe March 2 — Louis V becomes King of the Franks. He then took on Samsam al-Daula; by May or June 986 the latter was compelled to recognize Sharaf al-Daula as senior amir. Some time afterwards, however, a revolt against Samsam al-Daula's rule arose, which led to violence between the Turks and the Dailamite troops. The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family Daylam (Sometimes Daylaman, Dailam or Delam) was a province of Persia, now part of Gīlān. With Iraq slipping into chaos, Sharaf al-Daula decided to intervene. He entered Baghdad in 987, deposed Samsam al-Daula and imprisoned him in Fars. Events By Place Europe Hugh Capet, Count of Paris, is crowned King of France.
Sharaf al-Daula's death in 988 or 989 provided Samsam al-Daula with the opportunity to make a return to power. Despite having been partially blinded shortly before Sharaf al-Daula's death, he managed to escape from prison and wrested control of Fars, Kerman and Khuzestan from his brother Baha' al-Daula, who had succeeded Sharaf al-Daula. Baha' al-Daula (d December 22 1012) was the Buyid amir of Iraq (988-1012 along with Fars and Kerman (998-1012 Both Baha' al-Daula and his brother found their positions threatened by Fakhr al-Daula. The latter invaded Khuzestan in an attempt to split the two brothers' territories. This act prompted the both of them to draw up an alliance. Samsam al-Daula recognized Baha' al-Daula as the ruler of Iraq and Khuzestan, while he himself kept Arrajan, Fars and Kerman. Both promised to consider each other as equals, and took the title of "king".
In 991 Baha' al-Daula attempted to get rid of Samsam al-Daula. This article documents the year AD 991 Events By Place Europe Battle of Maldon: The Anglo-Saxons are defeated He took the title of Shâhanshâh and invaded the latter's territory. His forces were defeated, however, and Samsam al-Daula regained Khuzestan. He even gained control of the Buyid territories in Oman. In order to further strengthen his position, Samsam al-Daula decided to recognize Fakhr al-Daula as senior amir, submitting to his authority.
Fakhr al-Daula's death in 997, coupled with Samsam al-Daula's increasing troubles within his realm, made Baha' al-Daula the strongest of the Buyid princes. Events By Place Europe First documented reference to the City of Gdańsk. He gained the support of the Kurdish ruler Badr ibn Hasanwaih and prepared for the expedition. The invasion began in December of 998. Scarcely had the campaign begun, however, when Samsam al-Daula was murdered by one of the sons of 'Izz al-Daula while fleeing from Shiraz. ' Izz al-Daula (d 978 was the Buyid amir of Iraq (967-978 He was born Bakhtiyar and was the son of Mu'izz al-Daula. Shiraz ( شیراز Shīrāz) is the fifth most populated city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province. Baha' al-Daula took Shiraz, defeated 'Izz al-Daula's sons, and reunited Iraq, Fars and Kerman.
References
- R. N. Frye (1975). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume Four: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. ISBN 0-521-20093-8
- Nagel, Tilman. Buyids, Encyclopaedia Iranica. http://www.iranica.com/articles/search/searchpdf.isc?ReqStrPDFPath=/home1/iranica/articles/v4_articles/buyids&OptStrLogFile=/home/iranica/public_html/logs/pdfdownload.html
| Preceded by 'Adud al-Daula |
Buyid Amir (in Iraq) 983–987 |
Succeeded by Sharaf al-Daula |
| Preceded by Sharaf al-Daula |
Buyid Amir (in Fars & Kerman) 988/9–998 |
Succeeded by Baha' al-Daula |
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