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Samos
Σάμος
Samos City
Samos City
Geography
Coordinates: 37°44′N 26°50′E / 37.733, 26.833
Island Chain: North Aegean
Area:[1] 477. 395 km² (184 sq.mi.)
Highest Mountain: Mt. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Kerkis (1,434 m (4,705 ft))
Government
Flag of Greece Greece
Periphery: North Aegean
Prefecture: Samos
Capital: Vathy
Statistics
Population: 33,814 (as of 2001)
Density: 71 /km² (183 /sq. North Aegean is one of the thirteen Peripheries of Greece. It consists of the prefectures of Chios, Lesbos and Samos. Samos Prefecture ( Greek Σάμος consists of the islands of Samos, Ikaria and the smaller islands of Fournoi Korseon. Vathy ( Greek: Βαθύ - Vathý) also known as Samos, is a municipality on the island of Samos in eastern Greece. mi. )
Postal Code: 931 xx
Area Code: 227x0
License Code: MO
Website
www.samos.gr

Samos (Greek: Σάμος) is a Greek island in the North Aegean sea, south of Chios, north of Patmos and the Dodecanese, and off the coast of the Ionian coast of Turkey. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία North Aegean is one of the thirteen Peripheries of Greece. It consists of the prefectures of Chios, Lesbos and Samos. This article is about the body of water For other uses see SEA and Seas. Chios (Χίος pronounced ˈçio̞s alternative transliterations Khíos and Híos) is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated Patmos ( Greek, Πάτμος; Italian: Patmo) is a small Greek island in the Aegean Sea. The Dodecanese ( Greek Δωδεκάνησα Dodekánisa 'twelve islands' are a group of 12 larger plus 150 smaller Greek islands in the Aegean Geography Physical Ionia was of small extent not exceeding 90 geographical miles in length from north to south with a breadth varying from 40 to 55 miles but to this Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches

Contents

Geography

NASA Satellite photo of Samos
NASA Satellite photo of Samos

The area of the island is 478 km² (184. The Greek Islands are a collection of over 6000 Islands and Islets that belong to Greece. 6 sq mi), 43 km (27 mi) long and 13 km (8 mi) wide. It is one of the principal and most fertile of the islands of the Aegean Sea that closely adjoin Anatolia, from which it is separated by a strait of one mile in width. Etymology In ancient times there were various explanations for the name Aegean. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black A strait is a narrow navigable Channel of water that connects two larger navigable bodies of water It is occupied at the greater part of its extent by the Kerketeus range of mountains, of which the highest summit is the peak Vigla, at 1,434 m (4,705 ft) above sea level, near its western extremity, called Mount Kerkis. Kerkis or Kerketeus ( Greek, Modern Κέρκης Kérkis; Ancient Κερκετεύς Kerketeús) is an extinct Volcano, forming A mountain range is a chain of Mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by passes or valleys A pyramidal peak, or sometimes in its most extreme form called a glacial horn, is a Mountaintop that has been modified by the action of Ice during The range is in fact a continuation of that of Mount Mycale on the mainland, of which the promontory of Trogilium, immediately opposite to the city of Samos, formed the extreme point. Mycale (also Mycǎlé, Mukalê, Mykale and Mycali, Ancient Greek Μυκαλή; called Samsun Daği and The island is remarkably fertile, and a great portion of it is covered with vineyards, the wine from the Vathy grapes enjoying an especially high reputation. A vineyard is a Plantation of Grape -bearing Vines grown mainly for Winemaking, but also Raisins Table grapes and non-alcoholic Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Vathy ( Greek: Βαθύ - Vathý) also known as Samos, is a municipality on the island of Samos in eastern Greece. The island's population is 33,814. The nearest airport is Samos International Airport. List of Airports in Greece, sorted by location ICAO location identifiers link to airport page from the Hellenic Civil Aviation Authority Samos International Airport (also known as Aristarchos) is an airport on Samos Island, Greece. The Samian climate is typically Mediterranean.

Economy

Samian economy depends mainly on the tourist industry which has been growing steadily since the early 1980s. The main agricultural products include, grapes, honey, olives, olive oil, citrus fruit, dried figs and almonds and flowers. For the Tokyo University supercomputer see Gravity Pipe. GRAPE, or GRA phics P rogramming E nvironment is Honey is a sweet and Viscous fluid produced by Honey bees (and some other species and derived from the nectar of Flowers According to the The Olive is the Fruit of the Olive tree (Olea europaea and is a major component of the Agriculture and Gastronomy of many countries Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive ( Olea europaea; family Oleaceae along with Lilacs Jasmine and ash trees Citrus is a common term and Genus of Flowering plants in the family Rutaceae, originating in tropical and subtropical southeast regions of The Common fig ( Ficus carica) is a large Deciduous, Shrub or small Tree native to southwest Asia and the eastern Mediterranean The Almond ( Prunus dulcis, syn Prunus amygdalus Batsch Amygdalus communis L The Muscat grape is the main crop used for wine production. The muscat family of Grapes of the species Vitis vinifera is widely grown for Wine, Raisins and Table grapes Their color Samian wine, known primarily though the sweet Muscat type, is also exported in several other appellations. Samian wines have won prestigious international and domestic awards.

Government

With the neighbouring islands of Icaria and Fourni, the island of Samos is administered as part of the Samos Prefecture. For the Utopian place see the entry for Étienne Cabet Icaria, also spelled Ikaria (Ικαρία locally Nikaria Fourni Korseon (Φούρνοι Κορσέων more commonly Fourni, are a complex of small Greek islands that lie between Icaria, Samos Samos Prefecture ( Greek Σάμος consists of the islands of Samos, Ikaria and the smaller islands of Fournoi Korseon. It consists of four of the eight municipalities in the prefecture. Together they constitute more than 77 percent of the prefecture's population (2001 census). The island's capital and main port is the city of Vathy, most commonly called Samos; other municipalities are Karlovasi and Pythagoreio, formerly called Tigani (see also Samos Prefecture). Karlovasi (Καρλόβασι is a town and a municipality on the northwest side of the island of Samos, Samos Prefecture, Greece. Pythagoreio (Πυθαγόρειο is a municipality on the island of Samos, Samos Prefecture, Greece. Samos Prefecture ( Greek Σάμος consists of the islands of Samos, Ikaria and the smaller islands of Fournoi Korseon. The smallest of the component municipalities is Marathokampos. Marathokampos (Μαραθόκαμπος is a municipality on the island of Samos, Samos Prefecture, Greece. The largest villages/towns are Sámos, Néo Karlovási, Mytilinioí, Vathý, Chóra, Marathókampos, Pythagóreio, and Kokkari. Kokkari is a village on Samos Island, Greece, about 10 km from the capital city Vathy.

History

The great kouros of Samos, the largest surviving kouros in Greece (Samos Archaeological Museum).
The great kouros of Samos, the largest surviving kouros in Greece (Samos Archaeological Museum).

Early and Classical Antiquity

Further information: Ancient Greece

In classical antiquity the island was a centre of Ionian culture and luxury, renowned for its Samian wines and its red pottery (called Samian ware by the Romans). The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Geography Physical Ionia was of small extent not exceeding 90 geographical miles in length from north to south with a breadth varying from 40 to 55 miles but to this Samian ware is a kind of bright red Roman Pottery also known as terra sigillata (although this is not quite correct on the continental mainland terra Its most famous building, was the Ionic order archaic Temple of goddess Hera - the Heraion. The Ionic order column forms one of the three '''orders''' or '''organizational systems''' of Classical architecture, the other two canonic orders being the In the Olympian pantheon of classical Greek Mythology, Hera (ˈhɪərə or /ˈhɛrə/ Greek) or Here ( in Ionic and Homer For other uses see Heraion (disambiguation The Heraion of Samos was a sanctuary on the Southern region of Samos

Concerning the earliest history of Samos, literary tradition is singularly defective. At the time of the great migrations it received an Ionian population which traced its origin to Epidaurus in Argolis: Samos became one of the twelve members of the Ionian League. Epidaurus (Ἐπίδαυρος Epidavros) was a small city ( Polis) in ancient Greece, at the Saronic Gulf. Argolis (Αργολίδα Argolída, aɾɣo̞ˈliða Argolís in Ancient Greek and Katharevousa) is one of the fifty-one Prefectures of The Ionian League ( Ancient Greek, Iōnes, koinon Iōnōn, koinē sunodos Iōnōn Latin commune consilium; also called By the 7th century BC it had become one of the leading commercial centres of Greece. This early prosperity of the Samians seems largely due to the islands position near trade-routes which facilitated the importation of textiles from inner Asia Minor. But the Samians also developed an extensive oversea commerce. They helped to open up trade with the Black Sea and with Pharaonic Egypt, and were credited with having been the first Greeks to reach the Straits of Gibraltar.

Their commerce brought them into close relations with Cyrene, and probably also with Corinth and Chalcis, but made them bitter rivals of their neighbor Miletus. Corinth, or Korinth ( Greek Κόρινθος ( is a city in Greece. Chalcis or Chalkida, Halkida, Halkis or Chalkis ( Greek, Modern Χαλκίδα xal'ciða Ancient/ Katharevousa: -ίς The feud between these two states broke out into open strife during the Lelantine War (7th century BC), with which we may connect a Samian innovation in Greek naval warfare, the use of the trireme. The 7th century BC started the first day of 700 BC and ended the last day of 601 BC. Trireme ( τριήρης sing τριήρεις pl triremis sing The result of this conflict was to confirm the supremacy of the Milesians in eastern, waters for the time being; but in the 6th century the insular position of Samos preserved it from those aggressions at the hands of Asiatic kings to which Miletus was henceforth exposed. Miletus (mī lē' təs ( Ancient Greek: Μίλητος literally Transliterated Milētos, Latin Miletus) was an Ancient About 535 BC, when the existing oligarchy was overturned by the tyrant Polycrates, Samos reached the height of its prosperity. Events and trends 539 BC — Babylon is conquered by Cyrus, defeating Nabonidus; noted in such documents as that of Africanus Polycrates (Πολυκράτης son of Aeaces, was the Tyrant of Samos from c Its navy not only protected it from invasion, but ruled supreme in Aegean waters. The city was beautified with public works, and its school, of sculptors, metal-workers and engineers achieved high repute.

Eupalinian aqueduct

Main article: Tunnel of Eupalinos

In the 6th century BC Samos was ruled by the famous tyrant Polycrates. The Tunnel of Eupalinos or Eupalinian aqueduct (in Greek gr ''Efpalinion orygma'' Ευπαλίνιον όρυγμα is a tunnel of 1036 m length in Samos, The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. In modern usage a tyrant is a single ruler holding absolute power over a State or within an Organization. Polycrates (Πολυκράτης son of Aeaces, was the Tyrant of Samos from c During his reign, two working groups under the lead of the engineer Eupalinos dug a tunnel through Mount Kastro to build an aqueduct to supply the ancient capital of Samos with fresh water, as this was of utmost defensive importance (since -being underground- was not easily detected by an enemy who could otherwise cut off the supply). Eupalinos (or Eupalinus) of Megara, was an Ancient Greek Engineer who built the Tunnel of Eupalinos on Samos Island An aqueduct is an artificial channel that is constructed to convey water from one location to another The method Eupalinos employed to make the two groups meet in the middle of the mountain, is documented by Hermann J. Kienast and other researchers. With a length of 1,036 m (3,399 ft), today the Eupalino's subterranean aqueduct is famously regarded as one of the masterpieces of ancient engineering. The aqueduct is now part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Pythagoreion. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The remains of the Pythagoreion an ancient fortified port with Greek and Roman monuments and a spectacular tunnel the Tunnel of Eupalinos or Eupalinian aqueduct along

Persian Wars and Persian rule

After Polycrates death Samos suffered a severe blow when the Persian Achaemenid Empire conquered and partly depopulated the island. The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of It had regained much of its power when in 499 BC it joined the general revolt of the Ionian city-states against Persia; but owing to its long-standing jealousy of Miletus it rendered indifferent service, and at the decisive battle of Lade (494 BC) part of its contingent of sixty ships was guilty of outright treachery. Geography Physical Ionia was of small extent not exceeding 90 geographical miles in length from north to south with a breadth varying from 40 to 55 miles but to this In 479 BC the Samians led the revolt against Persia.

Peloponnesian War

Megalo Seitani beach on the north-west coast of Samos
Megalo Seitani beach on the north-west coast of Samos

During the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), Samos took the side of Athens against Sparta, providing their port to the Athenian fleet. Events By place Greece Athens enters into an alliance with King Sitalkes of Thrace, after Nymphodorus an influential Athenian Events By place Greece The Athenian leader Cleophon continues to urge resistance against the Peloponnesians but the situation Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's The city of Sparta ( Doric Σπάρτα Attic Σπάρτη A fleet, or naval fleet is a large formation of Warships, and the largest formation in any Navy. In the Delian League they held a position of special privilege and remained actively loyal to Athens until 440 when a dispute with Miletus, which the Athenians had decided against them, induced them to secede. The Delian League was an association of approximately 150 5th-century BC Greek City-states under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue With a fleet of sixty ships they held their own for some time against a large Athenian fleet led by Pericles himself, but after a protracted siege were forced to capitulate. Pericles (also spelled Perikles) (c 495 – 429 BC Greek:, meaning "surrounded by glory" was a prominent and influential Statesman, orator It was punished, but Thucydides tells us not as harshly as other states which rebelled against Athens. Most in the past had been forced to pay tribute but Samos was only told to repay the damages that the rebellion cost the Athenians: 1,300 talents, to pay back in installments of 50 talents per annum.

At the end of the Peloponnesian War, Samos appears as one of the most loyal dependencies of Athens, serving as a base for the naval war against the Peloponnesians and as a temporary home of the Athenian democracy during the revolution of the Four Hundred at Athens (411 BC), and in the last stage of the war was rewarded with the Athenian franchise. The Four Hundred (Greek οἱ τετρακόσιοι was a short-lived Oligarchic body that held power in Athens during the Peloponnesian War from June This friendly attitude towards Athens was the result of a series of political revolutions which ended in the establishment of a democracy. After the downfall of Athens, Samos was besieged by Lysander and again placed under an oligarchy. Lysander (died 395 BC Λύσανδρος, Lýsandros) was a Spartan General and the commander of the Spartan fleet in the Hellespont which was victorious

In 394 the withdrawal of the Spartan navy induced the island to declare its independence and reestablish a democracy, but by the peace of Antalcidas (387) it fell again under Persian dominion. It was recovered by the Athenians in 366 after a siege of eleven months, and received a strong body of military settlers, the cleruchs which proved vital in the Social War (357-355 BC). A cleruchy, (klerouchy in Hellenic Greece, was a specialized type of colony established by Athens. After the Lamian War (322), when Athens was deprived of Samos, the vicissitudes of the island can no longer be followed. The Lamian war ( 323 &ndash 322 BC) also called the Greek War was a War in Greece between Athens, along with her allied city-states

Famous Samians of Antiquity

Perhaps the most famous persons ever connected with classical Samos were Pythagoras, the Samian, and one slave who belonged to Iadmon, whose name was Aesop famous for his Aesop's Fables. "Pythagoras of Samos" redirects here For the Samian statuary of the same name see Pythagoras (sculptor. Aesop (also spelled Æsop, from the Greek Αἴσωπος — Aisōpos) (620-560 BC) known only for the genre of Fables Aesop's Fables or Aesopica refers to a collection of Fables credited to Aesop (620&ndash 560 BC) a slave and story-teller who lived His name and figure are found on coins of the city of imperial date. In 1955 the town of Tigani was renamed Pythagoreio in honour of the famous mathematician.

Other notable personalities include the philosopher Epicurus, who was of Samian born. The astronomer Aristarchus of Samos, whom history credits with the first recorded heliocentric model of the solar system, also lived in Samos. Historically Astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky while Astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena Aristarchus (Ἀρίσταρχος 310 BC - ca 230 BC) was a Greek Astronomer and Mathematician, born on the island of In Astronomy, heliocentrism is the theory that the Sun is at the center of the Solar System. The Solar System consists of the Sun and those celestial objects bound to it by Gravity. The historian Herodotus, known by his Histories resided in Samos for a while. Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek Historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( 484 BC&ndash The Histories of Herodotus of Halicarnassus is considered the first work of history in Western literature.

It was also conspicuous in the history of art, having produced in early times a school of sculptors, commencing with Rhoecus, also the architect of the temple of Hera. Another Samian was the great sculptor and inventor Theodorus, who are said to have invented with Rhoecus the art of casting statues in bronze. Theodorus of Samos (sometimes spelled Theodoras) was a 6th century BC ancient Greek sculptor and Architect from the Greek island Another famous Samian sculptor, also called Pythagoras, migrated to Rhegium.

The vases of Samos are among the most characteristic products of lonian pottery in the 6th century. The name Samian ware, derived from a passage in Pliny, N. H. xxxv. 160 sqq. , often given to a kind of red pottery found wherever there are Roman settlements, has no scientific value.

Hellenistic & Roman Eras

Main articles: Hellenistic Greece and Roman Greece

For some time (about 275-270 B. The Hellenistic period of European history was the period between the death of Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon in 323 BC and the annexation Roman Greece is the period of Greek history (of Greece proper as opposed to the other centers of Hellenism in the Roman world following the Roman victory over C. ) Samos served as a base for the Egyptian fleet of the Ptolemies, at other periods it recognized the overlordship of Seleucid Syria. The Ptolemaic dynasty (sometimes also known as the Lagids, from the name of Ptolemy I's father Lagus) was a Hellenistic Macedonian royal family The Seleucid Empire /sə'lusɪd/ ( 312 - 63 BC) was a Hellenistic empire i In 189 B. C. it was transferred by the Romans to their vassal, the Attalid dynasty's Hellenistic kingdom of Pergamum, in Asia Minor. The Attalid dynasty was a Hellenistic dynasty that ruled the city of Pergamon after the death of Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black

Enrolled from 133 in the Roman province of Asia Minor, Samos sided with Aristonicus (132) and Mithridates (88) against its overlord, and consequently forfeited its autonomy, which it only temporarily recovered between the reigns of Augustus and Vespasian. Aristonicus (Latin Ἀριστόνικος Aristonikos) is the name of several historical figures in the ancient world Mithridates or Mithradates (in Greek, Mιθριδάτης or Mιθράδάτης) is the Hellenistic form of an Iranian Theophoric Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian ( November 17 9 &ndash June 23 79) was a Roman Emperor who Nevertheless, Samos remained comparatively flourishing, and was able to contest with Smyrna and Ephesus the title first city of lonia; it was chiefly noted as a health resort and for the manufacture of pottery. This article is on the Ancient Greek city of Smyrna principally in connection with the ruins remaining to this day Ephesus ( Hittite Apasa; Ancient Greek; Turkish Efes) was a city of ancient Anatolia. Since Emperor Diocletian's Tetrarchy it became part of the Provincia Insularum, in the diocese of Asiana in the eastern empire's pretorian prefecture of Oriens. Tetrarchy ( Greek: "leadership of four " can be applied to any system of government where power is divided between four individuals

Byzantine & Genoese Eras

Further information: Byzantine Greece and Republic of Genoa
Pythagoreio, on the south-eastern coast of Samos
Pythagoreio, on the south-eastern coast of Samos

As part of the Byzantine Empire, Samos became the head of the Aegean theme (military district). Roman Greece See also Roman Greece The Greek peninsula became a Roman protectorate in 146 BC, and the Aegean islands were added The Most Serene Republic of Genoa (Repubblica di Genova was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast from the 11th century The remains of the Pythagoreion an ancient fortified port with Greek and Roman monuments and a spectacular tunnel the Tunnel of Eupalinos or Eupalinian aqueduct along After the 13th century it passed through much the same changes of government as Chios, and, like the latter island, became the property of the Genoese firm of Giustiniani (1346-1566; 1475 interrupted by an Ottoman period). Chios (Χίος pronounced ˈçio̞s alternative transliterations Khíos and Híos) is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated

Ottoman Rule

Further information: Ottoman Greece

During the early years of the Ottoman Empire most Samians abandoned the island. Most of Greece was part of the Ottoman Empire from the 14th century until its declaration of independence in 1821. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Those remaining lived inland in small settlements up in the mountains, hiding from pirates and other invaders. Around the 17th century privileges were given to Samos which became a semi-independent state. Many Greeks of Samian decent as well as others from Greek speaking territories settled on the island. The village of Mytilinioi for example, was inhabited by people from the island of Mytilini. Mytilene ( Greek: Μυτιλήνη - Mitilíni) is the Capital City of Lesbos, a Greek Island in the Aegean Sea Other settlers followed from various provinces in mainland Greece and as far away as Albania. Samos, (Ottoman Turkish: سيسام Sisam) belonged to the Ottoman Empire since 1533, as part of Elayet of Djeza'ir-i Bahr-i Sefid until the year 1832. Ottoman Turkish (Osmanlıca or tr ''Osmanlı Türkçesi'' Ottoman Turkish ota-Latn ''lisân-ı Osmânî'' is the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish

During the Greek War of Independence, Samos bore a conspicuous part, setting up a revolutionary government under the following heads of local government:

It was in the strait between the island and Mount Mycale that Canaris set fire to and blew up a Turkish frigate, in the presence of the army that had been assembled for the invasion of the island, a success that led to the abandonment of the enterprise, and Samos held its own to the very end of the war. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Ioannis Kolettis (Ιωάννης Κωλέττης (1773 - 1847 was a Greek politician of Vlach origin who played a significant role in Greek affairs from the Ioannis Kolettis (Ιωάννης Κωλέττης (1773 - 1847 was a Greek politician of Vlach origin who played a significant role in Greek affairs from the Constantine Kanaris ( or Canaris, Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Κανάρης) (1793 or 1795September 14 1877 was a Greek admiral freedom On the conclusion of peace, the island was indeed again handed over to the Turks.

After repetitive rebellions, since 1835 it held an exceptionally advantageous position, being in fact self-governed, a semi-independent state tributary to Turkey, paying the annual sum of £2700,[2] governed by a Christian governor of Greek nationality but nominated by the Porte, who bears the title of Prince (compare hospodar) of Samos. Hospodar or gospodar is a term of Slavonic origin meaning "lord" or "master" As chief of the executive power the prince was assisted by a senate of four members, chosen by him out of eight candidates nominated by the four districts of the island: Vathy, Chora, Marathokoumbo and Karlovasi. The legislative power belonged to a chamber of 36 deputies, presided over by the Greek Orthodox Metropolitan. The seat of the government was Vathy (6000).

The consecutive 'princely' governors were:

The prosperity of the island pleaded for this arrangement. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Themistoklis Sophoulis (1860-1949 (or Themistoklis Sofoulis, Greek: Θεμιστοκλής Σοφούλης) was a prominent centrist politician belonging The population in 1900 was about 54,830, not comprising 15,000 natives of Samos inhabiting the adjoining coasts. The predominant religion is the Orthodox Greek, the metropolitan district including Samos and Ikaria. In 1900 there were 634 foreigners on the island (523 Hellenes, 13 Germans, 29 French, 28 Austrians and 24 of other nationalities).

The modern capital of the island was, until the early 20th century, at a place called Khora, about 2 m. Khôra (Usage in Philosophy and Humanities In Timaeus, Plato describes khôra as a receptacle a space or an interval from the sea and from the site of the ancient city; but since the change in the political condition of Samos, the capital was transferred to Vathy, at the head of a deep bay on the North coast, which has become the residence of the prince and the seat of government. Here a new town has grown up, well built and paved, with a convenient harbour.

Modern Era

The popular sentiment for merger with the Greek state of Hellas was not satisfied until 1913 when it was included in Greece as a result of the Balkan Wars. The Balkan Wars were two wars in South-eastern Europe in 1912–1913 in the course of which the Balkan League ( Bulgaria, Montenegro, Greece Samos has a sister town called Samo which is located in Calabria Italy

On August 3, 1989, a Shorts 330 aircraft of the Olympic Airways (now Olympic Airlines) crashed near Samos Airport; thirty-one passengers died. Samo (Samos is a small town located in the Province of Reggio Calabria, southern Italy. Calabria ( Latin: Brutium) is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Olympic Airlines (Ολυμπιακές Αερογραμμές Olympiakés Aerogrammés - OA is the Flag carrier Airline of Greece, based In the summer of 2000 a fire burned about 30% of the island's forests.

Architecture

The island is the location of the joint UNESCO World Heritage Sites of the Heraion of Samos and the Pythagoreion which were designated in 1992. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex For other uses see Heraion (disambiguation The Heraion of Samos was a sanctuary on the Southern region of Samos The remains of the Pythagoreion an ancient fortified port with Greek and Roman monuments and a spectacular tunnel the Tunnel of Eupalinos or Eupalinian aqueduct along [1]

Samos city

The ancient capital, which bore the name of the island, was situated on the S. coast at the modern Tigani, directly opposite to the promontory of Mycale, the town itself adjoining the sea and having a large artificial port, the remains of which are still visible, as are the ancient walls that surrounded the summit of a hill which rises immediately above it, and now bears the name of Astypalaea. This formed the acropolis of the ancient city, which in its flourishing times covered the slopes of Mount Ampelus down to the shore. The aqueduct cut through the hill by Polycrates may still be seen. From this city a road led direct to the far famed temple of Hera, which was situated close to the shore, where its site is still marked by a single column, but even that bereft of its capital. This fragment, which has given to the neighboring headland the name of Capo Colonna, is all that remains standing of the temple that was extolled by Herodotus as the largest he had ever seen, and which vied in splendour as well as in celebrity with the temple of Diana at Ephesus. Though so little of the temple remains, the plan of it has been ascertained, and its dimensions found fully to verify the assertion of Herodotus, as compared with all other Greek temples existing in his time, though it was afterwards surpassed by the later temple at Ephesus.

Notable people

See also

Ancient Samians

References

  1. ^ Basic Characteristics. Theodorus of Samos (sometimes spelled Theodoras) was a 6th century BC ancient Greek sculptor and Architect from the Greek island The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. Rhoecus (or Rhœcus, Rhoikos) was a Samian sculptor of the 6th century BCE. The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. Polycrates (Πολυκράτης son of Aeaces, was the Tyrant of Samos from c "Pythagoras of Samos" redirects here For the Samian statuary of the same name see Pythagoras (sculptor. The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC Ministry of the Interior. www. ypes. gr. Retrieved on 2007-08-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great.
  2. ^ 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica

Notes

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

Classical authors:

Further reading

External links

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