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Sam Cooke
Sam Cooke recording in the studio.
Sam Cooke recording in the studio.
Background information
Birth name Sam Cook
Also known as Dale Cooke
Born January 22, 1931(1931-01-22)
Clarksdale, Mississippi
Origin Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Died December 11, 1964 (aged 33)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Genre(s) R&B, soul, gospel
Occupation(s) Singer, songwriter, entrepreneur
Instrument(s) Vocals, piano, Guitar
Years active 1950–1964
Label(s) Specialty, Keen, RCA
Associated acts The Soul Stirrers
Bobby Womack
Johnnie Taylor

Sam Cooke (January 22, 1931 – December 11, 1964) was a popular and influential American gospel, R&B, soul, and pop singer, songwriter, and entrepreneur. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Clarksdale is a city in Coahoma County, Mississippi, United States. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Soul music is a Music genre that combines Rhythm and blues and Gospel music, originating in the United States. Gospel music is Music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life as well as (in terms of the varying music styles to A songwriter is someone who writes the Lyrics to songs the Musical composition (chords or Melody to songs or both An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music Specialty Records was an American Record label based in Los Angeles Keen Records was founded by John and Alex Siamas in 1957 in Los Angeles as a side business RCA Records (originally The Victor Talking Machine Company, then RCA Victor is one of the flagship labels of Sony Music Entertainment. One of the most popular and influential gospel groups of the 20th century the Soul Stirrers were pioneers in the development of the quartet style of gospel and without intending Robert Dwayne "Bobby" Womack (ˈwoʊmæk (born March 4 1944 is an American Singer-songwriter and Musician. Johnnie Harrison Taylor ( May 5 1937 &ndash May 31 2000) was an American vocalist in a wide variety of genres from Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Gospel music is Music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life as well as (in terms of the varying music styles to Soul music is a Music genre that combines Rhythm and blues and Gospel music, originating in the United States. Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more A songwriter is someone who writes the Lyrics to songs the Musical composition (chords or Melody to songs or both An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome Musicians and critics today recognize him as one of the founders of soul music, and as one of the most important singers in soul music history. Soul music is a Music genre that combines Rhythm and blues and Gospel music, originating in the United States. [1] He has been called "the king of soul" by many, and while some may dispute this title, Sam Cooke's legacy is an extensive one and his impact on soul music is undeniable. He had 29 Top 40 hits in the U. S. between 1957 and 1965. He is therefore seen by many as "the creator" of the genre. Major hits like "You Send Me", "Chain Gang", "Wonderful World" and "Bring It on Home to Me" are some of his most popular songs. " You Send Me " is a 1957 single by R&B singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. This article is about Sam Cooke's " Chain Gang " To see other uses see Chain gang (disambiguation. " Bring It On Home to Me " is a 1961 soul song written and recorded by R&B singer-songwriter Sam Cooke.

Cooke was also among the first modern black performers and composers to attend to the business side of his musical career. The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse [1] He founded both a record label and a publishing company as an extension of his careers as a singer and composer. He also took an active part in the Civil Rights Movement,[1] using his musical ability to bridge gaps between black and white audiences. The American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968 refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African

Contents

Biography

Sam Cooke was born in Clarksdale, Mississippi. Clarksdale is a city in Coahoma County, Mississippi, United States. He added an "e" onto the end of his name because he thought it added a touch of class. He was one of seven children of Annie Mae and the Reverend Charles Cook, a Baptist minister. Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. The family moved to Chicago in 1933. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States.

Cooke began his musical career as a member of a quartet with his siblings, The Singing Children, and, as a teenager, he was a member of the Highway QCs, a gospel group. In 1950, at the age of 19, he joined The Soul Stirrers and achieved significant success and fame within the gospel community. One of the most popular and influential gospel groups of the 20th century the Soul Stirrers were pioneers in the development of the quartet style of gospel and without intending

His first pop single, "Lovable" (1956), was released under the alias of "Dale Cooke" in order to not alienate his fan base; there was a considerable taboo against gospel singers performing secular music. A pseudonym is a fictitious alternative to a person's legal name (see Alias) However, the alias failed to hide Cooke's unique and distinctive vocals. No one was fooled. Art Rupe, head of Specialty Records, the label of the Soul Stirrers, gave his blessing for Cooke to record secular music under his real name, but he was unhappy about the type of music Cooke and producer Bumps Blackwell were making. Art Rupe (born Arthur Goldberg, September 5, 1917, Greensburg Pennsylvania) started Specialty Records in Los Angeles Specialty Records was an American Record label based in Los Angeles Robert Alexander (Bumps Blackwell (23 May 1922 - 9 March 1985 was an American Songwriter, arranger and Record producer best known for his work overseeing the Rupe expected Cooke's secular music to be similar to that of another Specialty Records artist, Little Richard. Specialty Records was an American Record label based in Los Angeles Rev Richard Wayne Penniman (born December 5 1932 better known by the Stage name Little Richard, is an American Singer, Songwriter When Rupe walked in on a recording session and heard Cooke covering Gershwin, he was quite upset. George Gershwin (September 26 1898 &ndash July 11 1937 was an American Composer. After an argument between Rupe and Blackwell, Cooke and Blackwell left the label(Greene, 2006).

In 1957, Cooke signed with Keen Records. His first release was "You Send Me", the B-side of his first Keen Single (the A-side was a reworking of George Gershwin's "Summertime". " You Send Me " is a 1957 single by R&B singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. ) which spent six weeks at #1 on the Billboard R&B chart. Listed here are Billboard magazine's number-one Rhythm and blues hits from 1942&ndash1959 The song also had massive mainstream success, spending three weeks at #1 on the Billboard pop chart. In addition to his success in writing his own songs and achieving mainstream fame — a truly remarkable accomplishment for an R&B singer at that time — Cooke continued to astonish the music business in the 1960s with the founding of his own label, SAR Records (Greene, 2006), which soon included The Simms Twins, The Valentinos, Bobby Womack, and Johnnie Taylor. SAR Records was a Record company founded by Soul music legend Sam Cooke in 1959. Robert Dwayne "Bobby" Womack (ˈwoʊmæk (born March 4 1944 is an American Singer-songwriter and Musician. Johnnie Harrison Taylor ( May 5 1937 &ndash May 31 2000) was an American vocalist in a wide variety of genres from Cooke then created a publishing imprint and management firm, then left Keen to sign with RCA Victor. RCA Records (originally The Victor Talking Machine Company, then RCA Victor is one of the flagship labels of Sony Music Entertainment. One of his first RCA singles was the hit "Chain Gang. " It reached #2 on the Billboard pop chart. This was followed by more hits, including "Sad Mood", "Bring it on Home to Me" (with Lou Rawls on backing vocals), "Another Saturday Night" and "Twistin' the Night Away". " Bring It On Home to Me " is a 1961 soul song written and recorded by R&B singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. Louis Allen Rawls ( December 1, 1933 &ndash January 6, 2006) was an American Soul music, Jazz, and " Another Saturday Night " is the title of a 1963 hit single by Sam Cooke.

Like most R&B artists of his time, Cooke focused on singles; in all he had 29 top 40 hits on the pop charts, and more on the R&B charts. In spite of this, he released a well received blues-inflected LP in 1963, Night Beat, and his most critically-acclaimed studio album Ain't That Good News, which featured five singles, in 1964. The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Night Beat is an Album by Sam Cooke, released in 1963 on RCA Records Ain't That Good News is a Studio album by American soul singer Sam Cooke, released March 1, 1964, on He was known for having written many of the most popular songs of all time in the genre, but is often not given credit for many of them by the general public.

Death

Cooke died at the age of 33 on December 11, 1964, in Los Angeles, California. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West He was shot to death by Bertha Franklin, manager of the Hacienda Motel in South Los Angeles, who claimed that he had threatened her, and that she killed him in self-defense. Sam Cooke ( January 22, 1931 &ndash December 11, 1964) was an American gospel, R&B, soul, and South Los Angeles, often abbreviated as South LA, is the official name for a large geographic and cultural portion lying to the southwest and southeast of downtown He had gone to the motel with a prostitute, and while he was in the shower she grabbed his clothes, and money, and left. Grabbing the clothes was to insure that he would not come out of the room to chase her. Cooke thought that she had gone to the manager's office and that that they were in it together, as the prostitute had suggested which motel to go to. The verdict was justifiable homicide, though many believe that crucial details did not come out in court, or were buried afterward. The United States' concept of justifiable homicide in Criminal law stands on the dividing line between an Excuse, justification and an Exculpation Cooke was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery, Glendale, California. Forest Lawn Memorial Park is a privately-owned Cemetery in Glendale, Los Angeles, in the United States. Glendale ( is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States.

Some posthumous releases followed, many of which became hits, including "A Change Is Gonna Come", an early protest song which is generally regarded as his greatest composition. " A Change Is Gonna Come " is a 1964 single by R&B singer-songwriter Sam Cooke, written and first recorded in 1963 and released under the RCA Victor A protest song is a Song which Protests against perceived problems in Society. After Cooke's death, his widow, Barbara, married Bobby Womack. Robert Dwayne "Bobby" Womack (ˈwoʊmæk (born March 4 1944 is an American Singer-songwriter and Musician. Cooke's daughter, Linda, later married Bobby's brother, Cecil. Linda Womack (born 1952) also known as Zeriiya Zekkariyas, is an American singer and songwriter Cecil D Womack (born 25 September 1947, in Cleveland, Ohio) is one of the famous musical Womack brothers Cooke was inducted as a charter member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986(Greene, 2006). The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a Museum located on the shores of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland Ohio, United States

The details of the case involving Sam Cooke's death are still in dispute. The official police record[2] states that Cooke was shot dead by Bertha Franklin, the manager of the Hacienda Motel, where Cooke had checked in earlier that evening. Franklin claimed that Cooke had broken into the manager's office/apartment in a rage, wearing nothing but a shoe and an overcoat (and nothing beneath it) demanding to know the whereabouts of a woman who had accompanied him to the motel. Franklin said that the woman was not in the office and that she told Cooke this, but the enraged Cooke did not believe her and violently grabbed her, demanding again to know the woman's whereabouts. According to Franklin, she grappled with Cooke, the two of them fell to the floor, and she then got up and ran to retrieve her gun. She said that she then fired at Cooke in self-defense because she feared for her life. Self-defense (or self-defence &mdash see spelling differences) is the act of defending oneself one's property or the well-being of another from physical harm According to Franklin, Cooke exclaimed, "Lady, you shot me", before finally falling, mortally wounded.

According to Franklin and to the motel's owner, Evelyn Carr, they had been on the phone together at the time of the incident. Thus, Carr claimed to have overheard Cooke's intrusion and the ensuing conflict and gunshots. Carr called the police to request that they go to the motel, informing them that she believed a shooting had occurred.

A coroner's inquest was convened to investigate the incident. A coroner is an official responsible for investigating deaths particularly some of those happening under unusual circumstances and determining the cause of death An inquest is a judicial investigation usually by a group of court-appointed people ( Jury) in Common law Jurisdictions The most common kind of inquest The woman who had accompanied Cooke to the motel was identified as Elisa Boyer, who had also called the police that night shortly before Carr did. Boyer had called the police from a phone booth near the motel, telling them she had just escaped from being kidnapped.

Boyer told the police that she had first met Cooke earlier that night and had spent the evening in his company. She claimed that after they left a local nightclub together, she had repeatedly requested that he take her home, but that he instead took her against her will to the Hacienda Motel. She claimed that once in one of the motel's rooms, Cooke physically forced her onto the bed and that she was certain he was going to rape her. Rape, also referred to as Sexual assault, is an Assault by a person involving Sexual intercourse with or Sexual penetration of another person According to Boyer, when Cooke stepped into the bathroom for a moment, she quickly grabbed her clothes and ran from the room. She claimed that in her haste, she had also scooped up most of Cooke's clothing by mistake. She said that she ran first to the manager's office and knocked on the door seeking help. However, she said that the manager took too long in responding, so, fearing Cooke would soon be coming after her, she fled the motel altogether before the manager ever opened the door. She claimed she then put her own clothing back on, stashed Cooke's clothing away and went to the phone booth from which she called police.

Boyer's story is the only account of what happened between the two that night. However, her story has long been called into question. Because of inconsistencies between her version of events and details reported by other witnesses as well as circumstantial evidence (e. Circumstantial evidence is a collection of Facts that when considered together can be used to infer a conclusion about something unknown g. , cash that Cooke was reportedly carrying was never recovered, and Boyer was soon after arrested for prostitution), many people feel it is more likely that Boyer went willingly to the motel with Cooke and then slipped out of the room with Cooke's clothing in order to rob him rather than to escape an attempted rape.

Ultimately, though, such questions were beyond the scope of the inquest, whose purpose was simply to establish the circumstances of Franklin's role in the shooting, not to determine exactly what had happened between Cooke and Boyer preceding that. Boyer's leaving the motel room with almost all of Cooke's clothing, regardless of exactly why she did so, combined with the fact that tests showed Cooke was inebriated at the time, seemed to provide a plausible explanation for Cooke's bizarre behavior and state of dress, as reported by Franklin and Carr. Drunkenness or inebriation is the state of being intoxicated by consumption of Alcoholic beverages to a degree that mental and physical faculties are noticeably An explanation is a description which may clarify causes context, and Consequences of a certain object and a phenomenon such as a process, a This explanation, together with the fact that Carr, from what she said she had overheard, corroborated Franklin's version of events, was enough to convince the coroner's jury to accept Franklin's explanation that it was a case of justifiable homicide. Corroborating evidence is evidence that tends to support a proposition that is already supported by some evidence A jury a sworn body of persons convened to render a rational, impartial Verdict (a finding of fact on a question officially submitted to them The United States' concept of justifiable homicide in Criminal law stands on the dividing line between an Excuse, justification and an Exculpation And with that verdict, authorities officially closed the case on Cooke's death. [3]

However, some of Cooke's family and supporters have rejected not only Boyer's version of events but also Franklin's and Carr's. They believe that there was a conspiracy from the start to murder Cooke, that this murder took place in some manner entirely different from the official account of Cooke's intrusion into Franklin's office/apartment, and that Franklin, Boyer and Carr were all lying to provide a cover story for this murder. In the Criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between Natural persons to break the law at some time in the future and in some cases with at least one overt act A lie (also called prevarication) is a type of Deception in the form of an untruthful statement especially with the intention to deceive others often with the further No one has been able to provide any evidence of this, however. [4] [5] [6]

My brother was first class all the way. He would not check into a $3-a-night motel; that wasn't his style.

— Agnes Cooke-Hoskins, sister of Sam Cooke, attending the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 2005 tribute to Cooke. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a Museum located on the shores of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland Ohio, United States

In her autobiography, Rage To Survive, singer Etta James claimed that she viewed Cooke's body in the funeral home and that the injuries she observed were well beyond what could be explained by the official account of Franklin alone having fought with Cooke. Etta James (born Jamesetta Hawkins on January 25, 1938) is an American Blues, soul, R&B, Rock & roll James described Cooke as having been so badly beaten that his head was nearly separated from his shoulders, his hands were broken and crushed, and his nose was mangled. Nevertheless, no solid, reviewable evidence supporting a conspiracy theory has been presented to date. The Law of evidence governs the use of Testimony (eg oral or written statements such as an Affidavit) and exhibits (e A conspiracy theory attributes the ultimate cause of an event or chain of events (usually Political, Social or Historical events or the concealment

Legacy

Cooke's influence has been immense: even people who have never heard one of his records have still heard his voice and phrasing if they have listened to Rod Stewart or Southside Johnny. Roderick "Rod" David Stewart, CBE (born 10 January 1945 is a Singer and Songwriter born and raised in London England and currently Southside Johnny (real name John Lyon, born December 4, 1948 in Neptune New Jersey) is an American Singer-songwriter

Other rock artists with a notable Cooke heritage include The Animals, Simon and Garfunkel, Van Morrison, James Taylor, the Beatles (particularly John Lennon), John Mayer, Bruce Springsteen, The Band, Terry Reid, Steve Perry, and numerous others, while R&B and soul artists indebted to Cooke include Smokey Robinson, Marvin Gaye, Otis Redding, David Ruffin, Bobby Womack, Johnnie Taylor, Lou Rawls, Al Green, The Temptations, Philippe Wynne, Aretha Franklin, Mavis Staples, Ben E. King, and many more. The Animals were an English music group of the 1960s known in the United States as part of the British Invasion. Simon & Garfunkel are an American Singer-songwriter duo of Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel. George Ivan Morrison OBE (generally known as Van Morrison) (born 31 August 1945 is a Grammy Award -winning Northern Irish Singer, James Vernon Taylor (born March 12, 1948) is an American Singer-songwriter and Guitarist, born in Boston, Massachusetts The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (born John Clayton Mayer (; born October 16 1977 is an American musician The Band was a rock group active from 1967 to 1976 and again from 1983 to 1999 Terry Reid (born 13 November 1949, Huntingdon, England) is a rock Singer and Guitarist. Stephen Ray Perry (born January 22, 1949) is an American Singer and Songwriter best known as the Lead vocalist of William "Smokey" Robinson Jr (born February 19 1940 is an American R&B and soul Singer-songwriter, Record producer, Marvin Pentz Gay Jr, known as Marvin Gaye ( April 2, 1939 – April 1, 1984) was an American Singer-songwriter Otis Ray Redding Jr ( September 9, 1941 December 10, 1967) was an American soul singer David Ruffin (Davis Eli Ruffin ( January 18, 1941 &ndash June 1, 1991) was an American soul singer most famous for his work Robert Dwayne "Bobby" Womack (ˈwoʊmæk (born March 4 1944 is an American Singer-songwriter and Musician. Johnnie Harrison Taylor ( May 5 1937 &ndash May 31 2000) was an American vocalist in a wide variety of genres from Louis Allen Rawls ( December 1, 1933 &ndash January 6, 2006) was an American Soul music, Jazz, and Albert Greene (born April 13 1946 better known as Al Green, is an American gospel and Soul music singer who received great acclaim in The Temptations (sometimes abbreviated as The Temps or The Tempts) are a Grammy -winning vocal group that achieved fame as one of the most successful Philippé Wynne ( April 3, 1941 – July 13, 1984) born Phillip Walker, was an American R&B Vocalist Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25 1942 Franklin has had a total of twenty number-one singles on the Billboard R&B Singles Chart, two of which became #1 hits on the Mavis Staples (born July 10, 1939 in Chicago Illinois) is an American Rhythm and blues and Gospel singer and Civil rights Ben E King (born Benjamin Earl Nelson, September 28 1938) is an American soul Singer.

Discography

For a detailed listing of albums and singles, see: Sam Cooke discography. Cupid is a 1961 hit single recorded and written by Sam Cooke. The Compilation album Radio 1 Established 1967 is a collection of covers especially recorded for Radio 1 by a number of artists This is a listing of all of the singles and albums released by American R&B singer and songwriter Sam Cooke.

Hit US and UK singles

Year Title Chart positions
US R&B UK
1957 "You Send Me" #1 #1 #29
1957 "I'll Come Running Back to You" #18 #1
1959 "Only Sixteen" - - #23
1960 "Wonderful World" #12 #2 #27
1960 "Chain Gang" #2 #2 #9
1961 "Cupid" #17 #20 #7
1962 "Twistin' the Night Away" #9 #1 #6
1963 "Another Saturday Night" #10 #1 #23
1963 "Frankie and Johnny" #14 - #30
1965 "Shake" #7 #4
1986 "Wonderful World" (re-issue) - - #2
1986 "Another Saturday Night" (re-issue) - - #75

Hit US and UK albums

Year Title Chart positions
US UK
1957 Sam Cooke #16
1962 The Best of Sam Cooke #22
1963 Night Beat
1964 Ain't That Good News #34
1964 Sam Cooke at the Copa #29
1986 The Man and His Music #8
2003 The Portrait of a Legend: 1951-1964 #30
2005 The Portrait of a Legend: 1951-1964 (re-issue) #19

References

  1. ^ a b c Greene, E. " You Send Me " is a 1957 single by R&B singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. I'll Come Running Back to You is a song recorded by Sam Cooke and released in 1957 It charted to #1 in the US R&B charts and #18 in the pop charts This article is about Sam Cooke's " Chain Gang " To see other uses see Chain gang (disambiguation. Cupid is a 1961 hit single recorded and written by Sam Cooke. " Twistin' the Night Away " is the name of a song written and recorded by Sam Cooke. " Another Saturday Night " is the title of a 1963 hit single by Sam Cooke. " Frankie and Johnny " (sometimes spelled " Frankie and Johnnie " also known as " Frankie and Albert " or just " Frankie " Shake is a song written and recorded by Sam Cooke (US Pop #7 U " Another Saturday Night " is the title of a 1963 hit single by Sam Cooke. Night Beat is an Album by Sam Cooke, released in 1963 on RCA Records Ain't That Good News is a Studio album by American soul singer Sam Cooke, released March 1, 1964, on (2006). Our Uncle Sam: The Sam Cooke Story From His Family's Perspective], Victoria, B. C. : Trafford Publishing. ISBN 1-41206498-8
  2. ^ Wolff, Daniel. You Send Me: The Life and Times of Sam Cooke, New York: William Morrow, 1995 ISBN 0688124038
  3. ^ Robinson, Louie. "The Tragic Death of Sam Cooke", Ebony, February 1965
  4. ^ Elvis biographer Peter Guralnick tackles another music legend: Sam Cooke
  5. ^ Gary James' Interview With Solomon Burke
  6. ^ Soul man, Sam Cooke's fulfilling late period
  7. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0090329/soundtrack Witness, 1985 film soundtrack
  8. ^ The Immortals: The First Fifty. Ebony, a monthly Magazine for the African American market was founded by John H Rolling Stone Issue 946. Rolling Stone.
  9. ^ http://www.ourunclesam.com Our Uncle Sam: The Sam Cooke Story From His Family's Perspective

External links

The National Recording Registry is a list of sound recordings that "are culturally historically or aesthetically important and/or inform or reflect life in the United States
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