This article is about the daughter of Herodias, for other uses see Salome (disambiguation)

Salome or Salomé (Greek Σαλωμη) the Daughter of Herodias (c AD 14 - between 62 and 71), is known from the New Testament (Mark 6:21-29 and Matt 14:6-11, where, however, her name is not given) in connection with the death of John the Baptist. Herodias (c 15 BC-after 39 AD was a Jewish princess of the Herodian Dynasty. Year 62 was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 71 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Content Authorship The gospel itself is anonymous but as early as Papias in the early 2nd century a text was attributed to Mark, a cousin The Gospel of Matthew (Gk Κατά Ματθαίον Ευαγγέλιον is one of the four Canonical gospels in the New Testament and is a Synoptic gospel This list of names for the Biblically nameless compiles names given in Jewish or Christian mythology for characters who are unnamed in the Bible itself This article is about the biblical event and the liturgical commemoration of it Another source from Antiquity, Flavius Josephus' Jewish Antiquities, gives her name and some detail about her family relations. Josephus (AD 37 – c 100 also known as Yosef Ben Matityahu (Joseph son of Matthias and after he became a Roman citizen, as Titus Flavius Josephus Antiquities of the Jews ( Antiquitates Judaicae in Latin) was a work published by the important Jewish historian Flavius Josephus about the

Christian traditions depict her as an icon of dangerous female seductiveness, for instance depicting her dance mentioned in the New Testament (in some later transformations further iconised to the dance of the seven veils), or concentrate on her lighthearted and cold foolishness that, according to the gospels, led to John the Baptist's death. In several notable works of Western culture the Dance of the Seven Veils (usually described as danced by Salomé) is one of the elaborations on the biblical Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram. A new ramification was added by Oscar Wilde, who in his play Salome let her devolve into a necrophiliac, killed the same day as the man whose death she had requested. Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900 was an Irish Playwright, Novelist, poet and Author of Salome (or in French: Salomé) is a Tragedy by Oscar Wilde.The original 1891 version of the play was in Necrophilia, also called thanatophilia and necrolagnia, is the sexual attraction to corpses This last interpretation, made even more memorable by Richard Strauss's opera based on Wilde, is not consistent with Josephus' account; according to the Romanized Jewish historian, she lived long enough to marry twice and raise several children. Salome is an Opera in one act by Richard Strauss to a German Libretto by the composer based on Hedwig Lachmann ’s German Few literary accounts elaborate the biographical data given by Josephus.

Contents 1 Biblical character 2 Account by Flavius Josephus 3 Salome in the arts 3.1 Painting and sculpture 3.2 Theatre and literature 3.2.1 Oscar Wilde's play 3.2.2 Richard Strauss opera 3.2.3 Ballet 3.2.4 Poetry 3.3 Songs 3.4 Film 3.4.1 Depictions 3.4.2 References 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

Biblical character

According to Mark 6:21-29, Salome was the stepdaughter of Herod Antipas, danced before him and her mother Herodias at the occasion of his birthday, and by doing so caused the death of John the Baptist. Content Authorship The gospel itself is anonymous but as early as Papias in the early 2nd century a text was attributed to Mark, a cousin Herod Antipas (short for Antipatros (before 20 BC &ndash after AD 39) was a first century AD ruler of Galilee and Perea, who bore the title Herodias (c 15 BC-after 39 AD was a Jewish princess of the Herodian Dynasty. Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram. The author of Mark suggests that Salome caused John to be executed because of his complaints that Herod's marriage to Herodias was adulterous; and that Herodias put her up to the demand that John be executed, something the king was initially reluctant to do. Adultery is the voluntary Sexual intercourse between a married person and another person who is not his or her Spouse, though in many places it is

And when a convenient day was come, that Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee; And when the daughter of the said Herodias came in, and danced, and pleased Herod and them that sat with him, the king said unto the damsel, Ask of me whatsoever thou wilt, and I will give it thee. "Galil" redirects here For the weapon see IMI Galil. Galilee (הגליל ha-Galil, lit the province, And he sware unto her, Whatsoever thou shalt ask of me, I will give it thee, unto the half of my kingdom. And she went forth, and said unto her mother, What shall I ask? And she said, The head of John the Baptist.

And she came in straightway with haste unto the king, and asked, saying, I will that thou give me by and by in a charger the head of John the Baptist. And the king was exceeding sorry; yet for his oath's sake, and for their sakes which sat with him, he would not reject her. And immediately the king sent an executioner, and commanded his head to be brought: and he went and beheaded him in the prison, and brought his head in a charger, and gave it to the damsel: and the damsel gave it to her mother. And when his disciples heard of it, they came and took up his corpse, and laid it in a tomb. (Mark 6:21-29, KJV)

A parallel passage to Mark 6:21-29 is in the Gospel of Matthew 14:6-11:

But on Herod's birthday, the daughter of Herodias danced before them: and pleased Herod. Content Authorship The gospel itself is anonymous but as early as Papias in the early 2nd century a text was attributed to Mark, a cousin The Gospel of Matthew (Gk Κατά Ματθαίον Ευαγγέλιον is one of the four Canonical gospels in the New Testament and is a Synoptic gospel Whereupon he promised with an oath, to give her whatsoever she would ask of him. But she being instructed before by her mother, said: Give me here in a dish the head of John the Baptist. And the king was struck sad: yet because of his oath, and for them that sat with him at table, he commanded it to be given. And he sent, and beheaded John in the prison.

And his head was brought in a dish: and it was given to the damsel, and she brought it to her mother. And his disciples came and took the body, and buried it, and came and told Jesus. (Matt 14:6-11, D-R)

Some ancient Greek versions of Mark read "Herod's daughter Herodias" (rather than "daughter of the said Herodias"). The Gospel of Matthew (Gk Κατά Ματθαίον Ευαγγέλιον is one of the four Canonical gospels in the New Testament and is a Synoptic gospel The Douay-Rheims Bible, also known as the Rheims-Douai Bible or Douai Bible and abbreviated as D-R, is a translation of the Bible from the To scholars using these ancient texts, both mother and daughter had the same name. However, scholars using the Latin Vulgate Bible (which translates the passage as it is above) did not confuse the two; thus western Church Fathers tended to refer to Salome as "Herodias's daughter" or just "the girl". Nevertheless, because she is otherwise unnamed in the Bible, the idea that both mother and daughter were named Herodias gained some currency in early modern Europe.

This Salome is not considered to be the same person as Salome the disciple, who is a witness to the Crucifixion of Jesus in Mark 15:40. This Salome is distinct from Salomé the daughter of Herodias, who demanded the head of John the Baptist. Crucifixion (from Latin crucifixio, noun of process crucifixio, from perfect passive participle crucifixus, fixed to a cross from

Account by Flavius Josephus

The name "Salome" is given to the stepdaughter of Herod Antipas (unnamed in the Gospels of Matthew and Mark) in Josephus' Jewish Antiquities (Book XVIII, Chapter 5, 4):

Herodias, [. Josephus (AD 37 – c 100 also known as Yosef Ben Matityahu (Joseph son of Matthias and after he became a Roman citizen, as Titus Flavius Josephus Antiquities of the Jews ( Antiquitates Judaicae in Latin) was a work published by the important Jewish historian Flavius Josephus about the Herodias (c 15 BC-after 39 AD was a Jewish princess of the Herodian Dynasty. . . ], was married to Herod^[1], the son of Herod the Great, who was born of Mariamne, the daughter of Simon the high priest, who had a daughter, Salome; after whose birth Herodias took upon her to confound the laws of our country, and divorced herself from her husband while he was alive, and was married to Herod, her husband's brother by the father's side, he was tetrarch of Galilee; but her daughter Salome was married to Philip^[2], the son of Herod, and tetrarch of Trachonitis; and as he died childless, Aristobulus^[3], the son of Herod^[4], the brother of Agrippa, married her; they had three sons, Herod, Agrippa, and Aristobulus;^[5]

Salome in the arts

As an icon of dangerous female seductiveness Salome dancing before Herod or with the head of the Baptist on a charger have provided inspiration for Christian artists. Herod (הוֹרְדוֹס Horodos, Greek: Herōdes) also known as Herod I or Herod the Great (73 BC – 4 BC in Jericho Mariamne II was the third wife of Herod the Great. She was the daughter of Simon Boethus the High Priest. Herod Antipas (short for Antipatros (before 20 BC &ndash after AD 39) was a first century AD ruler of Galilee and Perea, who bore the title "Galil" redirects here For the weapon see IMI Galil. Galilee (הגליל ha-Galil, lit the province, Not to be confused with Herod Philip I. Herod Philip II, or Philip the Tetrarch, was son of Herod the Great Appears in Scripture only in the phrase "tes Itouraias kai Trachbnitidos choras" literally "of the Iturean and Trachonian region" ( Luke 31 Aristobulus of Chalcis was a son of Herod of Chalcis and his first wife Mariamne hence a great-grandson of Herod the Great. Herod of Chalcis (d 48 AD was a son of Aristobulus IV, and the grandson of Herod the Great, Roman Client king of Judaea. For other with this name see Agrippa (disambiguation. Agrippa I also called the Great (10 BC - 44 AD) King of the Jews, Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c 1485 &ndash August 27 1576 better known as Titian, was the leading painter of the 16th-century Venetian The Doria Pamphilj Gallery is a large art collection housed in the Palazzo Doria Pamphilj in Rome.

Despite Josephus' account, she was not consistently called Salome until the nineteenth century, when Gustave Flaubert (following Josephus) referred to her as Salome in his short story "Herodias". Gustave Flaubert (gystaːv flobɛːʁ in French ( December 12, 1821 &ndash May 8, 1880) was a French writer who is counted among Three Tales ( Trois Contes) is a work by Gustave Flaubert that was originally published in French in 1877.

Painting and sculpture

This Biblical story has long been a favourite of painters, since it offers a chance to depict oriental splendour, semi-nude women, and exotic scenery under the auspices of a Biblical subject. Orientalism refers to the imitation or depiction of aspects of Eastern cultures in the West by writers designers and artists and can also refer to a sympathetic stance Nudity is the state of wearing no Clothing. The term' "nudity" can also occasionally be used to refer to wearing significantly less clothing than expected Painters who have done notable representations of Salome include Titian, Henri Regnault, Georges Rochegrosse, Gustave Moreau, and Federico Beltran-Masses. Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c 1485 &ndash August 27 1576 better known as Titian, was the leading painter of the 16th-century Venetian Alexandre-Georges-Henri Regnault ( October 31, 1843 – January 19, 1871) was a French painter. Georges Antoine Rochegrosse (1859&ndash1938 was a French historical and decorative painter Gustave Moreau ( April 6, 1826 &ndash April 18, 1898) was a French Symbolist painter. Federico Armando Beltrán Masses (1885-1949 is a Spanish painter who was born in Guaira de la Melena, Cuba. Titian's version (illustration) emphasizes the contrast between the innocent girlish face and the brutally severed head.

Theatre and literature

Salome figures in two 18th century French plays on Mariamne, second wife of Herod the Great:

• Hérode et Mariamne, or Mariamne, a 1724 tragedy by Voltaire
• Mariamne, a 1725 tragedy by Augustin Nadal

In 1877 Gustave Flaubert's Three Tales were published, including "Herodias". Mariamne I (48 BCE to 29 BCE was the second wife of Herod the Great. Herod (הוֹרְדוֹס Horodos, Greek: Herōdes) also known as Herod I or Herod the Great (73 BC – 4 BC in Jericho Hérode et Mariamne or Mariamne is a 1724 Tragedy by Voltaire, set in Jerusalem François-Marie Arouet ( 21 November 1694 30 May 1778) better known by the Pen name Voltaire, was a French Mariamne is a 1725 French Tragedy by Augustin Nadal based around the Herodian dynasty. The abbé Augustin Nadal (1659 — 7 August 1741) was the author of plays through the failure of which he became the butt of a withering public reply from Voltaire Gustave Flaubert (gystaːv flobɛːʁ in French ( December 12, 1821 &ndash May 8, 1880) was a French writer who is counted among Three Tales ( Trois Contes) is a work by Gustave Flaubert that was originally published in French in 1877. In this story full responsibility for John's death is given to Salome's mother Herodias and the priests who fear his religious power. Herodias (c 15 BC-after 39 AD was a Jewish princess of the Herodian Dynasty. Salome herself is shown as a young girl who forgets the name of the man who's head she requests as she is asking for it. Jules Massenets 1881 opera Hérodiade was based on Flaubert's short story. Jules (Émile Frédéric Massenet ( May 12, 1842 – August 13, 1912) was a French composer best known for his Operas Hérodiade is an Opera in four acts by Jules Massenet to a French Libretto by Paul Milliet and Henri Grémont, based on

Oscar Wilde's play

Main article: Salome (play)

Salomé's story was made the subject of a play by Oscar Wilde that premiered in Paris in 1896, under the French name Salomé. Aubrey Vincent Beardsley ( August 21, 1872 &ndash March 16, 1898) was an influential English Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900 was an Irish Playwright, Novelist, poet and Author of Salome (or in French: Salomé) is a Tragedy by Oscar Wilde.The original 1891 version of the play was in Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900 was an Irish Playwright, Novelist, poet and Author of Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Salome (or in French: Salomé) is a Tragedy by Oscar Wilde.The original 1891 version of the play was in In Wilde's play, Salome takes a perverse fancy for John the Baptist, and causes him to be executed when John spurns her affections. Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram. In the finale, Salome takes up John's severed head and kisses it.

Because at the time British law forbade the depiction of Biblical characters on stage, Wilde wrote the play originally in French, and then produced an English translation (titled Salome). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

Richard Strauss opera

Main article: Salome (opera)

The Wilde play (in a German translation of Hedwig Lachmann) was edited down to a one-act opera by Richard Strauss. Salome is an Opera in one act by Richard Strauss to a German Libretto by the composer based on Hedwig Lachmann ’s German Hedwig Lachmann ( 29 August 1865 – 21 February 1918) was a German author translator and poet Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Richard Georg Strauss (11 June 1864 &ndash 8 September 1949 was a German Composer of the late Romantic era and early modern era particularly noted The opera Salome, which premiered in Dresden in 1905, is famous for the Dance of the Seven veils. Salome is an Opera in one act by Richard Strauss to a German Libretto by the composer based on Hedwig Lachmann ’s German Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German In several notable works of Western culture the Dance of the Seven Veils (usually described as danced by Salomé) is one of the elaborations on the biblical As with the Wilde play, it turns the action to Salome herself, reducing her mother to a bit-player, though the opera is less centered on Herod's motivations than the play.

Ballet

In 1907 Florent Schmitt composed the ballet La tragédie de Salomé. See also Florent Schmitt ( September 28 1870 – August 17 1958) was a French composer Another Salome ballet was composed by the Japanese composer Akira Ifukube in 1948. Akira Ifukube (伊福部 昭 Ifukube Akira, May 31, 1914 &ndash February 8, 2006) was a Japanese composer of classical Danish choreographer Flemming Flindt's ballet Salome premiered in 1978. Flemming Flindt is a Danish Choreographer. Flindt's ballet Salome premiered on November 10 1978 at Copenhagen 's Cirkusbygningen

Poetry

In "Salome" (1896) by the Greek poet Constantine Cavafy, characterised by some critics as "neo-Pagan", Salome instigated the death of John the Baptist as part of a futile effort to get the interest of "a young sophist who was indifferent to the charms of love". Constantine P Cavafy, also known as Konstantin or Konstantinos Petrou Kavafis, or Kavaphes (Greek Κωνσταντίνος Π When Salome presents to him the Baptist's head, the sophist rejects it, remarking in jest "Dear Salome, I would have liked better to get your own head". Taking the jest seriously, the hoplessly infatuated Salome lets herself be beheaded and her head is duly brought to the sophist, who however rejects it in disgust and turns back to studying the Dialogues of Plato. Biography Early life Birth and family Plato was born in Athens Greece

Other Salome poetry has been written by among others Nick Cave (1988) and Carol Ann Duffy (1999). Nicholas Edward Cave (born 22 September 1957 in Warracknabeal, Victoria) is an Australian Musician, Songwriter, Author Carol Ann Duffy (born December 23, 1955) is a British Poet, Playwright and Freelance Writer born in

Songs

Songs about Salome were written by, among others, Kim Wilde (1984), U2 (1990), Andrew Lloyd Webber (1993), Old 97's (1997), The Residents (1998), Chayanne (1999) and Xandria (2007), Pete Doherty (2007). Kim Wilde (born Kim Smith, November 18, 1960 in Chiswick, West London) is an English Pop singer, professional Andrew Lloyd Webber Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948 is a British Composer of Musical theatre, the elder son of William Lloyd Webber The Residents is an American Avant-garde music and Visual arts collective who have created over sixty albums created numerous musical short films Elmer Figueroa Arce (born June 28 1968) best known under the stage name Chayanne, is a Puerto Rican Latin pop singer Xandria is a band founded in Bielefeld, Germany in 1997. The band's music combines elements of Symphonic metal and Symphonic rock with light

Film

Depictions

Wilde's Salome has often been made into a film, notably a 1923 silent film, Salome, starring Alla Nazimova in the title role and a 1988 Ken Russell play-within-a-film treatment, Salome's Last Dance, which also includes Wilde and Lord Alfred Douglas as characters. Salomé ( 1923) a Silent film directed by Charles Bryant and starring Alla Nazimova, is a film adaptation of the Oscar Wilde Alla Nazimova (Алла Назимова born Mariam Edez Adelaida Leventon (Мириам Эдес Аделаида Левентон May 22, 1879 Henry Kenneth Alfred Russell, known as Ken Russell (born 3 July 1927 is an English Film director. Salome's Last Dance is a 1988 film by British Film director, Ken Russell.

IMDB lists at the very least 25 Salome/Salomé films, and numerous resettings of the Salome story to modern times. Among the former are

• a 1918 Salomé film, starring Theda Bara, for which Flavius Josephus was credited for the story;
• a 1953 Salomé film, starring Rita Hayworth;
• the 1978 The Nativity, played by Kate O'Mara
• a 2002 film by Carlos Saura using flamenco dance. Salomé is a silent film produced by William Fox and starring actress Theda Bara. Theda Bara was the stage name and later legal name of Theodosia Burr Goodman ( July 29, 1885 – April 13, 1955) an American Josephus (AD 37 – c 100 also known as Yosef Ben Matityahu (Joseph son of Matthias and after he became a Roman citizen, as Titus Flavius Josephus This article is about the 1953 film For other uses see Salome (disambiguation Salome ( 1953) is a Biblical Rita Hayworth (October 17 1918 &ndash May 14 1987 born Margarita Carmen Cansino was a Spanish-American actress who rose to stardom in the 1940s as the era's leading Sex symbol The Nativity is a 98-minute long 1978 Television film set around the Nativity of Jesus and based on the accounts in the canonical Gospels of Matthew Kate O'Mara (b August 10 1939, Leicester) is an English film and television actress Carlos Saura (born 4 January 1932, Atarés, Huesca) is a Spanish film director Flamenco is a Spanish term that refers both to a musical genre known for its intricate rapid passages and a dance genre characterized by its audible footwork
• Salomé in Low Land, a 2006 animated short film by Christian Zagler using low-tech videogame style combined with opera music.

References

• In the film, The Night Porter, Max is inspired by the story of Salome: After Lucia dances for the SS guards, Max gives her a "present" - the decapitated head of a prisoner whom Lucia disliked. The Night Porter ( Il Portiere di notte) is a controversial 1974 film by Italian director Liliana Cavani, starring Dirk Bogarde
• In Billy Wilder's 1950 film Sunset Boulevard, Norma Desmond's script in which she plans to make her comeback is a bloated retelling of the Salome story. Billy Wilder ( June 22, 1906 – March 27, 2002) was an Austrian born Jewish - American Journalist Sunset Boulevard is a 1950 American Film noir classic Directed and co-written by Billy Wilder, it was named

See also

• Dance of the seven veils
• List of names for the Biblical nameless. In several notable works of Western culture the Dance of the Seven Veils (usually described as danced by Salomé) is one of the elaborations on the biblical This list of names for the Biblically nameless compiles names given in Jewish or Christian mythology for characters who are unnamed in the Bible itself

References

• Gillman, Florence Morgan. Herodias: At Home in the Fox's Den. Interfaces. Collegeville, Minn. : Liturgical Press, 2003. ISBN 0814651089

External links

• Salome II entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith

Persondata
NAME	Salome
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Salomé; Daughter of Herodias
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Biblical figure
DATE OF BIRTH	14 AD
PLACE OF BIRTH	Judea
DATE OF DEATH	circa 62 - 71 AD
PLACE OF DEATH	Judea

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