| Salford | |
  Salford shown within Greater Manchester |
|
| Area | 8. Salford Quays is an area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England, near the end of the Manchester Ship Canal. Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 1 sq mi (21 km²) |
|---|---|
| Population | 72,750 (2001 Census) |
| - Density | 8,981/sq mi (3,468/km²) |
| OS grid reference | |
| - London | 164 mi (264 km) SE |
| Metropolitan borough | Salford |
| Metropolitan county | Greater Manchester |
| Region | North West |
| Constituent country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | SALFORD |
| Postcode district | M3, M5–M7 |
| Dialling code | 0161 |
| Police | Greater Manchester |
| Fire | Greater Manchester |
| Ambulance | North West |
| European Parliament | North West England |
| UK Parliament | Salford |
| Salford and Eccles | |
| List of places: UK • England • Greater Manchester | |
Salford is a city in Greater Manchester, England. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government The City of Salford is a Local government district of Greater Manchester, England with the status of a city and Metropolitan borough. Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The M postcode area, also known as the Manchester postcode area, is a group of several Postal districts in Greater Manchester, England. The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Greater Manchester Police (" GMP " is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing the Metropolitan county of Greater The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service is the county-wide statutory emergency fire and rescue service for the Metropolitan county of The North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust was formed on 1 July 2006 as part of Health Minister Lord Warner's plans to reduce the number of NHS North West England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Salford is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Salford and Eccles will be a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a partial list of places in Greater Manchester, in North West England. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland It lies in a meander of the River Irwell, which forms its boundary with the city of Manchester to the east. A meander in general is a bend in a sinuous watercourse also known as an oxbow loop or simply an Oxbow. The River Irwell is a River flowing through the Irwell Valley in the counties of Lancashire and Greater Manchester Together with neighbouring towns to the west, Salford forms the metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, which is administered from nearby Swinton. A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. The City of Salford is a Local government district of Greater Manchester, England with the status of a city and Metropolitan borough. Swinton is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. It was granted City status in 1926 and has a total resident population of 72,750 and an area of 8. 1 square miles (21. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 0 km²). Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The wider City of Salford district has a population of 218,000. [1]
Historically a part of Lancashire, Salford's early history is marked by its status as the judicial seat of the ancient hundred of Salfordshire, to which it lends its name. The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea The hundred of Salford was an ancient division of the historic county of Lancashire, in Northern England. It was granted a charter by Ranulf, 4th Earl of Chester, about 1230 which made Salford a free borough. A charter is the grant of authority or rights stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified During the early stages of its growth, Salford was of greater cultural and commercial importance than its neighbour Manchester,[2] though most contemporary sources agree that since the Industrial Revolution this position has been reversed. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the [3][4]
Salford became a major factory town and inland port during the 18th and 19th centuries. A Mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is typically a settlement that developed around one or more mills or factories (usually Cotton mills The term inland port is used in two different but related ways to mean either a port on an inland Waterway or an inland site carrying out some functions of a Seaport Cotton and silk spinning and weaving in local mills provided Salford with a strong economy. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons Spinning is an ancient textile art in which plant, animal or synthetic Fibers are twisted together to form Yarn (or thread This article describes textile weaving For other senses of this word see Weaving (disambiguation. A cotton mill is a Factory housing spinning and Weaving Machinery Cotton was a leading sector in the Industrial Revolution, as cotton Salford Quays was a principal dockyard of the Manchester Ship Canal. Salford Quays is an area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England, near the end of the Manchester Ship Canal. Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships These can be Yachts military The Manchester Ship Canal is a wide long river navigation in North West England, opened on 21 May 1894 Industrial activities declined during the 20th century however, causing a local economic depression. The city subsequently became one of contrasts, with regenerated inner-city areas like Salford Quays next to some of the most socially deprived and violent areas in England. [5]
Salford Cathedral is the centre of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford and the city today is a centre of higher education, being the location of the University of Salford. The Cathedral Church of St John the Evangelist Salford is the Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Salford in Greater Manchester, England Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges The University of Salford is a Plate glass university based in Salford Greater Manchester, England, with approximately 20000 registered students Salford is the home of the world's first free public library, and was the birthplace of the modern vegetarian movement. A public library (also called circulating library) is a Library which is accessible by the Public and is generally funded from public sources (such It also has the first street in the world to be lit by gas, Chapel Street in 1806. Salford is set to become the headquarters of CBBC and BBC Sport in 2011. CBBC ( Children's BBC) is the brand-name for the BBC 's Children's television programmes aimed at children aged between 6 and 12 years old [6]
Contents |
History
Toponymy
The name of Salford derives from the Anglo-Saxon Sealhford = "sallow-tree ford", in reference to the sallows or willow (Latin salix) trees that grow alongside the banks of the River Irwell. Willows, sallows and osiers form the Genus Salix, around 400 species of Deciduous Trees and Shrubs found primarily Willows, sallows and osiers form the Genus Salix, around 400 species of Deciduous Trees and Shrubs found primarily Willows, sallows and osiers form the Genus Salix, around 400 species of Deciduous Trees and Shrubs found primarily The River Irwell is a River flowing through the Irwell Valley in the counties of Lancashire and Greater Manchester [7][8] The ford was about where Victoria Bridge is today. A ford is a place in a Watercourse (most commonly a stream or River) that is shallow enough to be crossed by wading on Horseback or in a wheeled [9] Willow trees are still found in Lower Broughton. Broughton is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. [10] Salford appears in the Pipe Roll of 1169 as "Sauford"[11] and in the Lancashire Inquisitions of 1226 as "Sainford". The Pipe Rolls are a series of financial records from England, beginning in 1130 and lasting mostly complete until 1833. [12]
Early history
The earliest known evidence of a human presence in what is now Salford is attested by the discovery of Neolithic flint arrow-heads and workings found on Kersal Moor and by the River Irwell,[13] implying habitation 7–10,000 years ago. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos Kersal Moor is an area of Moorland in Kersal, within the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England, consisting of eight Evidence of later Bronze age and Celtic activity is confirmed by an ancient archaeological relics found during the excavation of the Manchester Ship Canal and in the grounds of the Old Broughton Hall. The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The Manchester Ship Canal is a wide long river navigation in North West England, opened on 21 May 1894 [13] The Salford area is likely to have been chosen for habitation due to its fertile land and ready supply of water and fish from the Irwell. [13]
The Brigantes were the major Celtic tribe of what is now Northern England whom had a stronghold in the locality at a sandstone outcrop on which Manchester Cathedral now stands, opposite Salford's original centre. The Brigantes were a Celtic tribe who in pre-Roman times controlled the largest section of Northern England and a significant part of the Midlands Northern England, The North, The North of England or (less commonly The North Country refers to the parts of England north of an ill-defined line Manchester Cathedral is a Medieval church located on Victoria Street in central Manchester and is the seat of the Bishop of Manchester. [14] Their territory extended across the fertile lowland of what is now Salford and Stretford. Stretford (pop 37500 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England Following the Roman conquest of Britain in the 1st century, General Agricola ordered the construction of a Roman fort in the year 79 named Mamucium to ensure Roman interests with Deva Victrix (Chester) and Eboracum (York) were protected from the Brigantes. This page refers to the conquest begun in AD 43 For other Roman invasions see Caesar's invasions of Britain and Carausian Revolt. Gnaeus Julius Agricola ( June 13, 40 &ndash August 23, 93) was a Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of The Latin word castra, with its singular castrum, was used by the ancient Romans to mean buildings or plots of land reserved to or constructed for use as a military Deva Victrix, or simply Deva, was a legionary fortress and town in the Roman province of Britannia. Chester is the County town of Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 77040 Eboracum was a fort and City in Roman Britain. Today it is known as York, located in North Yorkshire, England. York ( is an historic Walled city sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. [14]
According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of 919, Salford during the Heptarchy had been part of the Kingdom of Northumbria, until conquered by Edward the Elder, King of the West Saxons. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of Annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. Heptarchy ( Greek: seven + realm) is a collective name applied to the Anglo-Saxon ancient kingdoms of south east and central Edward the Elder ( Old English: Ēadweard se Ieldra) (c 870 &ndash 17 July 924) was King of England (899 &ndash [15] The Manor (or Hundred) of Salford comprised all the lands between the rivers Ribble and Mersey, contained nine large parishes, and came under the Diocese of Lichfield in matters ecclesiastical. The hundred of Salford was an ancient division of the historic county of Lancashire, in Northern England. The River Ribble is a river that runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire, in the North of England. See also Mersey River (Tasmania and Mersey River (Nova Scotia. The Diocese of Mercia was created by Bishop Diuma in around 656 and the see was settled in Lichfield in 669 by the then bishop Ceadda (later [15]
After the Norman Conquest, William I had granted Salford to Roger the Poitevin. William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages Roger the Poitevin (Roger de Poitou was born in Normandy, around the year 1058 and died between 1122 and 1140 In the Domesday Book of 1086 the Manor of Salford was recorded as covering an area of 350 square miles (906 km²) with a population of 35,000. The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey [16] Roger de Poitou created the subordinate Manor (or Parish) of Manchester which has ever since been separate in matters of local government from Salford. Manchester was an ancient parish in the Hundred of Salford in Lancashire, England. Poitou forfeited the manor when in 1102 he was defeated in a failed rebellion attempt against William's son, Henry I. Henry I (c 1068/1069 – 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William I the Conqueror, the first King of England after the Norman Salford then passed into the hands of the 2nd Earl of Chester, Ranulph Gernons. The Earldom of Chester was one of the most powerful earldoms in Medieval England. [17]
In 1228, the town of Salford received from King Henry III the right to hold a market and an annual fair. Henry III (1 October 1207 &ndash 16 November 1272 was the son and successor of John "Lackland" as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 During the years of 1230 - 1232, Ranulf de Blundeville, Earl of Chester, granted the charter by which the town became a free borough,[18] a charter by which Salford was governed until the Manchester and Salford Police Act 1791. There are references in official records to the Manor of Salford being one of the possessions of the Duchy of Lancaster. The Duchy of Lancaster is one of the two Royal Duchies in England, the other being the Duchy of Cornwall, and is the personal (inherited property of the Since Henry IV's accession in 1399, the Duchy has been held by The Crown, and the Sovereign has thereby always been the Lord of the Manor of Salford. Henry IV (3 April 1367 &ndash 20 March 1413 was King of England and Lord of Ireland (1399&ndash1413 Throughout the Commonwealth realms The Crown is an abstract metonymic concept which represents the legal authority for the existence of any government [15]
Notes about Salford through the Tudor period and beyond are to be gleaned from the surviving volumes of the Portmote Records. Social and economic revolution Following the Black Death Plagues and the agricultural depression of the late 14th century population growth The most famous family was the Radclyffes of Ordsall Hall and their exploits feature frequently in local history of the period. Ordsall Hall is a Historic house and a former Stately home in Ordsall, an area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England [15]. Humphrey Booth, a scion of the Dunham Massey family, founded Trinity Church in 1635 and his descendants, the Gore-Booths, are still patrons of the living. Dunham Massey is a Civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England There have been three Booth baronetcies, the Booths of Dunham Massey being amongst the first eighteen families raised to the Baronetage when the Order of Baronets For the process for appointing a parish priest in the Church of England see Parish.
In the English Civil War between King Charles I and parliament, Salford was Royalist,[19] and the unsuccessful siege of Manchester, which was Parliamentarian, was conducted from its side of the River Irwell. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. The Parliament of England was the Legislature of the Kingdom of England. Cavalier was the name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War ( 1642 &ndash 1651 " Roundheads " was the Nickname given to the Puritan supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War. A century later Salford was also noted as Jacobite territory; its inhabitants supported Charles Edward Stuart to the Throne of England. Jacobitism was (and to a limited extent remains the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland For the US politician see Charles E Stuart For "Betty Burke" see The 'Forty-Five' below The Kings of Wessex, who conquered Kent and Sussex from Mercia in 825 became increasingly dominant over the other kingdoms of England during In November of the Second Jacobite Rebellion, Salford hosted Stuart on his ride through the area. The Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings rebellions and wars in the kingdoms of England, Kingdom of Scotland (later the United Kingdom of Great Britain [20]
The first horse-drawn bus service ran between Pendleton and Manchester in 1824, and some of the world's first municipal parks are in Salford.
Industrial Revolution
Salford has a history of textile processing that pre-dates the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the It had a cloth hall at Greengate and a considerable trade in the production and finishing of woollen goods and fustians before the dominance of cotton. Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species Fustian (also called bombast) is a term for a variety of heavy Woven, mostly Cotton fabrics chiefly prepared for menswear Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp [21] There were other cottage industries, including clogging, cobbling, weaving and brewing during this time. The putting-out system was a means of subcontracting work It was also known as the workshop system. Clogging is a type of Folk dance rooted in traditional European dancing from the British Isles, in which the dancer's footwear is used musically by striking the heel This article describes textile weaving For other senses of this word see Weaving (disambiguation. Brewing is the production of Alcoholic beverage and Alcohol fuel through fermentation. [22] It was textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution that had a profound effect on the population, urbanisation as well as socioeconomic and cultural conditions of Salford however. With the establishment of overseas colonies, the British Empire at the end of the 17th century/beginning of the 18th century had a vast source of raw materials and a vast market In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Urbanizationn (also spelled urbanisation) is the physical growth of Urban areas into rural or natural land as a result of population in-migration to an existing Socioeconomics or socio-economics is the study of the relationship between economic activity and Social life. Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic
It was the River Irwell and its tributaries that attracted the entrepreneurs to establish cotton mills during the first phase of the Industrial Revolution. The River Irwell is a River flowing through the Irwell Valley in the counties of Lancashire and Greater Manchester A cotton mill is a Factory housing spinning and Weaving Machinery Cotton was a leading sector in the Industrial Revolution, as cotton The first mills were constructed at Pendleton and Ordsall along the river banks. Pendleton is an Inner city area of Salford, Greater Manchester, England. Ordsall is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England [21] One of the first factories was the Salford Twist Mill. [21] Although Salford followed a simillar pattern of industrial development to Manchester, most firms preferred to locate their warehouses and offices on the Manchester side of the Irwell. Subsequently, Salford did not evolve as a commercial centre in the same way. [21]
Canal building gave a further stimulus to Salford's industrial development. The Bridgewater Canal increased supply of fuel and raw cotton, whilst the Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal (which terminated at Salford) brought coal from pits at Pendleton and Agecroft Colliery. The Bridgewater Canal is a Canal in North West England, connecting Runcorn, Manchester, and Leigh. Agecroft Colliery was a Coalmine in the Agecroft district of Pendlebury, what is now part of the City of Salford in Greater Manchester, [21] By 1818 Manchester, Salford and Eccles was noted to have had 80 mills,[21] but it was the Manchester Ship Canal, a major ocean-going waterway completed in 1894, that facilitated Salford's development as a major inland port. Eccles is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. The Manchester Ship Canal is a wide long river navigation in North West England, opened on 21 May 1894 The term inland port is used in two different but related ways to mean either a port on an inland Waterway or an inland site carrying out some functions of a Seaport [21] Salford Docks brought employment for almost eighty years. Salford Docks, sometimes called Manchester Docks, was an area of nine docks in Salford and Trafford in Greater Manchester, at the east end of From these docks, locally-produced goods were shipped all over the world.
Suggested that because of increased competition from the nearby towns of Bolton and Oldham,[21] Salford did not endure as a centre for cotton spinning, as so its businessmen turned increasingly to other textiles and the finishing trades. Bolton ( is a large town in Greater Manchester, in the North West region of England. Oldham is a large town in Greater Manchester, England It lies amongst the Pennines on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock Spinning is an ancient textile art in which plant, animal or synthetic Fibers are twisted together to form Yarn (or thread Specialised rexine and silk dyeing, fulling and bleaching were carried out at a string of works in Salford. Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons [21] Textiles was the overwhelming sector of employment in Salford for centuries, whilst its other industries were almost always textile related. [23]
In 1806, Chapel Street in Salford became the first street in the world to be lit by gas, which was supplied by Phillips and Lee's cotton mill. [24] Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels spent some time in Salford, analysing the plight of the British working class, particularly in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844. Friedrich Engels (28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895 was a German social scientist and philosopher, who British people, or Britons, are the native inhabitants of Great Britain and their descendants or citizens of the United Kingdom, of the Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 is one of the best-known works of Friedrich Engels. In 1849 the municipal borough council was the first in England to establish a public library, museum and art gallery, preceding the Public Libraries Act of 1850. The Public Libraries Act 1850 is an Act of the British Parliament.
The effect of the 19th-century Industrial Revolution on Salford has been described as "phenomenal". [15] Salford expanded from a small market town into a major industrial metropolis; factories replaced homeworking, and the population, 12,000 in 1812, rose in 30 years to 70,244. By the end of the 19th century it stood at 220,000. [15] The rapid increase to overpopulation, hardly exceeded anywhere in the country, was reflected in the vast areas of poor quality squalid terraced housing that were built throughout the Victorian era when overcrowding lead to chronic social deprivation. Overpopulation refers to a condition where an Organism 's numbers exceed the Carrying capacity of its Habitat. In Architecture and City planning, a terrace(d or row house or townhouse (though the latter term can also refer to Patio houses Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities [25] Houses were crowded together at as many as 80 to the acre. [15][26]
Decline
At the start of the 20th century, changes in regional transport infrastructre, including new major inter-urban roads, began to supplant Salford's old industries, including those activities performed at the Salford Docks. Salford Docks, sometimes called Manchester Docks, was an area of nine docks in Salford and Trafford in Greater Manchester, at the east end of Increased competition from outside of the UK began to undermine the competitiveness of local textile processing businesses. In the decades following the Second World War there was a significant economic and population decline in Salford. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including [27] Thousands were unemployed during the Great Depression. This article deals with the effects of the Great Depression of the 1930s - also known as the Great Slump - on the United Kingdom. [28] By 1939 coal mining had finished and cotton spinning had ceased by 1971. Coal mining is the extraction or removal of Coal from the Earth by Mining. [28] Each of the post war decades witnessed population decline in Salford of over 10%, far greater than the rate of decline within North West England as a whole. North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. [27] People have followed employment opportunities to other locations in Greater Manchester, taking advantage of a greater choice in the type and location of housing. It is only since the early 1990s that this decline has slowed. [27]
A survey in 1931 concluded that parts of Salford were amongst the worst slums in the country. A slum, as defined by the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security Many of its houses were infested by rats and lacked elementary amenities. Inspectors found that of 950 houses surveyed, 257 were in a state of bad repair with leaking roofs, broken flooring and rotten woodwork, though were "struck by the courage and preseverance with which the greater number of tenants kept their houses clean and respectable under most adverse conditions". [28]
Vast areas of the city were re-developed in the 1960s and 1970s, with Victorian era terraced housing giving way to concrete tower blocks and austere architecture. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities A tower block, block of flats, or apartment block, is a multi-unit High-rise Apartment building. Salford Docks declined during the same period. Salford Docks, sometimes called Manchester Docks, was an area of nine docks in Salford and Trafford in Greater Manchester, at the east end of
In early 2005, Riga appealed to the European Union to advise people against travelling to Salford after a Latvian man was stabbed in the head in Lower Broughton. Riga (Rīga riːga) the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Latvians or Letts (latvieši the indigenous Baltic people of Latvia, occasionally refer to themselves by the ancient name of Latvji, which Broughton is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. However, city councillors have insisted that Salford is a safe place to visit. [29] In August 2005, a survey by Channel 4 television rated the city as the 9th worst place to live in the UK (based on criteria of crime, education, environment, lifestyle and employment). Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began [30]
Regeneration
Salford has had high-levels of unemployment, housing and social problems since around the 1960s, though there are regeneration schemes to reverse its fortunes. [31] The many high-rise blocks that remain are a striking feature of the city. A high-rise is a tall Building or structure Normally the function of the building is added for example high-rise Apartment building or Work was scheduled to begin on the £180 million redevelopment of the Greengate area of Salford in January 2007. The plans include the construction of what will be the two tallest tower blocks in Salford. Plans also include a five-star hotel, a new public square and park, restaurants, cafes and 403 apartments. [32] Work is ongoing to regenerate the area known as Middlewood Locks, with the restored Salford end of the Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal forming the centrepiece of a brand new residential development. [33]
Salford now has many tourist attractions, such as Ordsall Hall, the Bridgewater Canal and the Lowry Centre, an award winning art gallery comprising two theatres and three art galleries. Ordsall Hall is a Historic house and a former Stately home in Ordsall, an area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England The Bridgewater Canal is a Canal in North West England, connecting Runcorn, Manchester, and Leigh. The Lowry is a combined theatre and gallery complex situated in Salford Quays, in Greater Manchester, England. The centre is named after the artist L. S. Lowry, who attended Salford School of Art and lived in Pendlebury for 40 years. Laurence Stephen Lowry (1 November 1887 – 23 February 1976 was an English Artist born on Barrett Street Stretford, Lancashire. Pendlebury is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England [34] Many of his paintings of Salford and Manchester mill scenes, populated with small matchstick-like figures, are on display there.
Governance
- Further information: City of Salford
Salford is represented by three tiers of government, Salford City Council ("local"), UK Parliament ("national"), and European Parliament ("Europe"). The City of Salford is a Local government district of Greater Manchester, England with the status of a city and Metropolitan borough. Greater Manchester County Council administration was abolished in 1986, and so the city council is effectively a unitary authority. The Greater Manchester County Council (also known as Greater Manchester Council and GMC) was from 1974 to 1986 the upper-tier administrative body See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions
Salford was anciently part of the Manchester parish of the Salford Hundred, an area much larger than the present-day city of Salford, within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire. Manchester was an ancient parish in the Hundred of Salford in Lancashire, England. The hundred of Salford was an ancient division of the historic county of Lancashire, in Northern England. The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea A stroke of a Norman baron's pen is said to have divorced Manchester and Salford, though it was not Salford that became separated from Manchester, it was Manchester, with its humbler line of lords, that was separated from Salford. The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. Baron is a specific Title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin (liber [2] Salford received its town charter from Ranulph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester, then Lord of the Manor, in 1230. The title of Lord of the Manor arose in the English mediaeval system of Manorialism following the Norman Conquest. [36] It was not recognised as a borough in the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, but was granted borough status in 1844;[36] the new Salford borough was made up of the township of Salford and part of Broughton. The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 (5 & 6 Wm IV c76 - sometimes known as the Municipal Reform Act - required members of town councils ( Municipal corporations Borough status in the United Kingdom is granted by Royal charter to Local government Districts in England, Wales and Northern Broughton is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. The remainder of Broughton, and a part of Pendlebury, were added in 1853. Pendlebury is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England [36] In 1841, Salford was partly governed by a reeve and two constables, appointed at the hundred courts leet; mention occurs of the boroughreeve in a charter granted to the burgesses in 1231, by the Earl of Chester. In England, a reeve was an official elected annually by the Serfs to supervise lands for a Lord. A constable is a person holding a particular office most commonly in law enforcement. These officers, conjointly with certain inhabitants, were empowered by an act passed 1792, to govern and regulate the town; this act, as amended 1830, authorised the reeve, constables, and 120 persons elected by the rate-payers in eight police districts, to govern Salford with the purpose of civic improvement.
When the administrative county of Lancashire was created by the Local Government Act 1888, Salford was elevated to become the County Borough of Salford and was effectively a unitary authority area exempt from the administration of Lancashire County Council. Administrative counties were a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government from 1889 to 1974 The Local Government Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict c 41 was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1888 and established County councils and County borough Salford lies at the heart of the City of Salford, a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions Lancashire County Council is the upper-tier Local authority for the Non-metropolitan county of Lancashire, England. [36] The County Borough of Salford was granted city status in the United Kingdom in 1926,[36] and in 1961 a small part of Eccles was added to the city. Eccles is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. In 1974 the City and County Borough of Salford was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, and was replaced by the metropolitan borough of City of Salford, a local government district of the new metropolitan county of Greater Manchester,[36] with triple the territory of the former City of Salford. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. The City of Salford is a Local government district of Greater Manchester, England with the status of a city and Metropolitan borough. The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level Administrative division of England. Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 Both Salford and the City of Salford are unparished areas. In England, an unparished area is an area that is not covered by a Civil parish.
Salford was twinned with Clermont-Ferrand in France in 1966. Clermont-Ferrand ( Auvergnat dialect of Occitan: Clarmont-Ferrand / Clarmont d'Auvèrnhe) is a city and commune of France This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The wider City of Salford district has formal twinning arrangements with three other towns. [37]
Parliamentary representation
Salford was enfranchised as a parliamentary borough by the Great Reform Act of 1832. Parliamentary boroughs are a type of administrative division usually covering urban areas that are entitled to representation in a Parliament. The Representation of the People Act 1832, commonly known as the Reform Act 1832, was an Act of Parliament that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system
Salford lies within the Salford parliamentary constituency, having done so since its creation in 1997. Salford is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Hazel Blears – a member of the Labour Party – has been the Member of Parliament for the constituency since 1997. Hazel Anne Blears MP (born 14 May 1956 is a British Politician and is the Labour Member of Parliament for Salford. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament.
Geography
- Further information: Geography of Greater Manchester
At (53. 483, -2. 2931), and 205 miles (330 km) northwest of London[38], Salford stands around 160 feet (49 m) above sea level, on relatively flat ground to the west of a meander of the River Irwell – the city's main topographical feature. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface A meander in general is a bend in a sinuous watercourse also known as an oxbow loop or simply an Oxbow. The River Irwell is a River flowing through the Irwell Valley in the counties of Lancashire and Greater Manchester Topography ( topo-, "place" and graphia, "writing" is the study of Earth 's Surface features or those of Planets In 1904 Salford was recorded as "within a great loop of the River Irwell . . . roughly three quarters of a mile from north to south and one mile from east to west". [39] Salford is contiguous with Manchester, and has been described "in participation of its trade, and for all other practical purposes, an integral part of it; presents a near resemblance to it in streets and edifices; contains several public buildings and a great public park, which belong fully more to Manchester than to itself". [40] Greengate, the original centre of Salford, is located at a fording point on the river opposite Manchester Cathedral. A ford is a place in a Watercourse (most commonly a stream or River) that is shallow enough to be crossed by wading on Horseback or in a wheeled Manchester Cathedral is a Medieval church located on Victoria Street in central Manchester and is the seat of the Bishop of Manchester. In 1969 Nikolaus Pevsner wrote:
That [neighbouring] Stretford and Salford are not administratively one with Manchester is one of the most curious anomalies of England. Sir Nikolaus Bernhard Leon Pevsner, CBE, ( January 30, 1902 &ndash August 18, 1983) was a German-born British scholar of Stretford (pop 37500 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England [41]
—Nikolaus Pevsner, Lancashire, The Industrial and Commercial South, 1969
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The Irwell, sourced at Cliviger in Lancashire, flows from the north and forms the statutory boundary with the City of Manchester to the east. Cliviger is a small village and Civil parish in Lancashire, England, within the borough of Burnley. Flooding has historically been a problem and the Irwell has seen much modification along its course in Salford with some bends being removed, channelisation, and the construction of levees and bank reinforcements. River engineering is the process of planned human intervention in the course characteristics or flow of a River with the intention of producing some defined benefit Dike (constructionEmbankmentA levee, levée, dike (or dyke) embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial Salford has expanded along the river valley to the north and south and on to higher ground on the valley sides at Irlams o' th' Height and Higher Broughton. Irlams o' th' Height is an area within Pendleton, toward the north west corner of the Salford, Greater Manchester, England. Broughton is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England.
Salford's built environment comprises a range of building stock. The phrase built environment refers to the man-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity ranging from the large-scale civic surroundings to the personal places Some inner-city areas are noted for chronic urban decay. The inner city is the central area of a major city or metropolis Urban decay is a process by which a City, or a part of a city falls into a state of disrepair [27] Salford's housing stock is characterised by an oversupply of older, smaller terraced housing, and flatted accommodation that declined in value during the late-20th century. [27] As demand fell, it left many owners in negative equity and often without a means to maintain their homes in reasonable condition. Negative equity is a term used to refer to when the value of an asset used to secure a loan is less than the outstanding balance on the loan Subsequently much of the built environment is poor. [27]
The land use in Salford is overwhelmingly urban, with few areas of green space or rural space; the largest open space is Peel Park, close to the University of Salford. Land use' is also often used to refer to the distinct land use types in Zoning. Rural areas can be large and isolated (also referred to as "the country" and/or "the countryside over the course of time The University of Salford is a Plate glass university based in Salford Greater Manchester, England, with approximately 20000 registered students The territory of Salford is contiguous with other towns on all sides, and for purposes of the Office for National Statistics, forms the sixth largest settlement of the Greater Manchester Urban Area,[42][43] the United Kingdom's third largest conurbation. The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly The Greater Manchester Urban Area is an area of land defined by the Office for National Statistics consisting of the large Conurbation surrounding and including the A Conurbation is formed when towns expand sufficiently that their urban areas join up with each other The M602 motorway enters Salford from Eccles to the west. The M602 motorway is a relatively short motorway leading traffic into Manchester and Salford by by-passing the suburban town of Eccles. Eccles is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. The A580 "East Lancs" road terminates at Salford, entering the area from Swinton. The A580 is a primary A road in England that connects Manchester and Liverpool or the Liverpool-East Lancashire Road Swinton is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. Heavy rail lines pass through Salford.
Salford has no central business district. A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city Kersal is the location of Salford's highest point above sea level. Kersal is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England
Divisions and suburbs of Salford include Pendleton, Claremont, Langworthy, Broughton, Weaste, Ordsall, Irlams o' th' Height, Seedley and Wallness. Pendleton is an Inner city area of Salford, Greater Manchester, England. Pendleton is an Inner city area of Salford, Greater Manchester, England. Ordsall is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England Broughton is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. Weaste is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. Ordsall is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England Irlams o' th' Height is an area within Pendleton, toward the north west corner of the Salford, Greater Manchester, England. Seedley is a component area of the City of Salford, Greater Manchester, England.
Demography
- Further information: Demography of Greater Manchester
It is a city of contrasting demographies. The Demography of Greater Manchester is charactered by a number of trends recorded amongst its multicultural agglomoration of 2 Whilst the area immediately adjacent to Manchester city centre and Salford Quays are affluent, other parts of the city are some of the most deprived communities in the United Kingdom. Manchester City Centre is the Central business district of both Manchester and Greater Manchester, in North West England. Salford Quays is an area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England, near the end of the Manchester Ship Canal.
Salford has not, in general, attracted the same ethnic and cosmopolitan communities as in other parts of Greater Manchester. [44] Salford did attract significant numbers of Irish people in the mid-19th century however. The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate Many migrated to Salford because of The Great Hunger in Ireland combined with Salford's reputation as a hub for employment in its factories and docks. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world [45] In 1848, Salford Roman Catholic Cathedral was consecrated, reflecting Salford's large Irish-born community it had at the time. The Cathedral Church of St John the Evangelist Salford is the Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Salford in Greater Manchester, England [46]
In the decades following the Second World War there was a significant population decline. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Population decline is the reduction over time in a region's Census. [27] There were slum renewal projects in central Salford during the 1960s and 70s, dispersing much of the population out of the city. A slum, as defined by the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security
| Year | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1939 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 2001 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 162,452 | 172,998 | 234,045 | 223,438 | 166,386 | 178,194 | 155,090 | 131,006 | 72,750 |
| Sources: A Vision of Britain through Time |
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Economy
For decades Salford's economy was heavily dependent on manufacturing industry, especially textiles and engineering. Since World War II however, Salford has experienced decades of growing unemployment as these sectors diminished and new sectors chose to locate in out of town locations with better transport links. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including [27] Between 1965 and 1991 the City lost over 49,000 jobs, or more than 32% of its employment base. Several factors contributed to this decline, not least changes in the national and international economies, the introduction of new technology and the concentration of investment in London and South East England. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. South East England is one of the nine official Regions of England. The biggest job losses were experienced in the City's traditional industries and although the service sector expended during this period, it was unable to compensate for the decline in manufacturing.
The inner city's main shopping area is Salford Shopping City, Pendleton – colloquially referred to as 'the Precinct' – close to the University of Salford. The University of Salford is a Plate glass university based in Salford Greater Manchester, England, with approximately 20000 registered students However this area suffers from extreme deprivation and is dominated by the central business district of nearby Manchester. A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city This is planned to change in the next few years with the implementation of the Pendleton Area Action Plan and the development of the pedestrianised and boulevarded A6 Corridor. Salford Quays has been shortlisted as the new possible city centre by 2020. Salford Quays is an area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England, near the end of the Manchester Ship Canal.
The city has seen a rise in major construction projects especially at Salford Quays and along the banks of the River Irwell that are shared with Manchester City Centre. Residential and office tower blocks have been common.
Salford has regional offices and headquarters for the major corporations of IBM, McDonald's, BUPA and Citifinancial. International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology Bupa is a Healthcare organisation with bases on three continents and more than seven million customers in 192 countries
Salford is credited as the birthplace of the Bush Roller Chain. Roller chain or bush roller chain is the type of chain most commonly used for transmission of mechanical power on Bicycles Motorcycles Hans Renold, a Swiss-born engineer, came to Salford in the late 19th century. Hans Renold ( July 31, 1852 - May 2, 1943) was a Swiss Engineer. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation In 1879 he purchased a small textile-chain making business in Ordsall from James Slater and founded the Hans Renold Company, what is now Renold, a firm which still produces chains. Renold invented the bush roller chain shortly after and began producing it. It is the type of chain most commonly used for transmission of mechanical power on bicycles, motorcycles, to industrial and agricultural machinery to uses as varied as rollercoasters and escalators. The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind MotorCycle is the title of a 1993 album by Rock band Daniel Amos, released on BAI Records. Agricultural machinery is one of the most Revolutionary and impactful applications of modern Technology. The roller coaster is a popular Amusement ride developed for Amusement parks and modern Theme parks LaMarcus Adna Thompson patented the first An escalator is a Conveyor transport device for transporting people consisting of individual linked steps that move up or down on tracks which keep the treads
Landmarks
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Salford Cathedral is one of the larger Catholic cathedrals in northern England. This list of the tallest buildings and structures in Salford ranks Skyscrapers structures and Towers in the City of Salford, England by height Salford Lads Club (officially the Salford Lads and Girls Club) is a boys and girls recreational club located in the Ordsall area of Salford, The Cathedral Church of St John the Evangelist Salford is the Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Salford in Greater Manchester, England Northern England, The North, The North of England or (less commonly The North Country refers to the parts of England north of an ill-defined line It was built between 1844 and 1848, and was listed as a Grade II* building in 1980. A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance [47]
Salford Lads Club is a recreational club established in 1903 and located in Ordsall. Salford Lads Club (officially the Salford Lads and Girls Club) is a boys and girls recreational club located in the Ordsall area of Salford, Ordsall is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England It is a listed building and gained international fame in 1986 when the pop band The Smiths posed in front of it for the inside cover of their album The Queen Is Dead. A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure The Smiths were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982 The Queen Is Dead is the third studio album by the English rock band The Smiths. A report by English Heritage said "The building is thought to be the most complete example of this rare form of social provision to survive in England. English Heritage is a Non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom government ( Department for Culture Media and Sport) with a broad remit of "[48] In 2007, the Manchester Evening News reported that the club was third in a nationwide hunt to find the most iconic buildings in the country. The Manchester Evening News (also known as MEN Media) is an English daily Newspaper published each week day evening and on Saturdays [49]
Ordsall Hall is a historic house and a former stately home in Ordsall. Ordsall Hall is a Historic house and a former Stately home in Ordsall, an area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England A historic house can be a Stately home, the birthplace of a famous person or a house with an interesting history A stately home is strictly speaking one of about 500 large properties built in England between the mid-16th century and the early part of the 20th century as well as converted Ordsall is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England It dates back over 800 years, although the oldest surviving parts of the hall were built in the 15th century. The hall has been put to many uses – a family home, working men's club and school for clergy amongst them – and was opened to the public in 1972, as a period house and local history museum. The hall is a Grade I listed building. Bolton Bury Manchester Rochdale Salford Stockport Tameside Trafford [50]
Transport
The city is linked to other parts of Greater Manchester by the Manchester Metrolink tram system, which runs near the docks area to Langworthy and Eccles. The Manchester Ship Canal is a wide long river navigation in North West England, opened on 21 May 1894 Manchester Metro redirects here - for the Manchester Metroshuttle free bus routes see Metroshuttle or First Manchester Manchester Metrolink Ordsall is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England Eccles is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England.
There are mainline railway stations at Salford Central and Salford Crescent. Salford Central Railway Station is one of two railway stations in the Salford city centre in Greater Manchester, England. Salford Crescent is one of two Railway stations serving the City of Salford, in the county of Greater Manchester, England.
In 1824, John Greenwood started the first bus operation from Pendleton to Market Street Manchester. John Greenwood (died 1851 transport entrepreneur was the keeper of a toll-gate in Pendleton on the Manchester to Liverpool turnpike. Horse -drawn vehicles were once common worldwide but they have mostly been replaced by Automobiles and other forms of self-propelled transport Market Street is one of the two principal retail streets in Manchester, England (the other is King Street)
Education
On 2 November 1956 the Royal Technical College, Salford, was granted the status of a College of Advanced Technology (CAT). Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [51] Colleges which transferred to CATs were required to drop lower-level courses and concentrate on both full-time and part-time university-level courses.
In November 1963 the Robbins Report recommended that the CATs should become technological universitites; and on 4 April 1967 a Charter was established creating the University of Salford. The Robbins Report was commissioned by the British government in the 1960s to look into the future of Higher education in the United Kingdom. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The University of Salford is a Plate glass university based in Salford Greater Manchester, England, with approximately 20000 registered students [51] It is one of four universities in Greater Manchester and has approximately 19,000 students.
Salford also has numerous colleges. These include Pendleton College [1], which in September 2007 added a state of the art £10 million building, with media recording studios, LRC and 280-seat "Eccleston" theatre, named after the Salford actor Christopher Eccleston; Eccles College; and Salford College, which has two main campuses, Worsley Campus and City Campus located in Salford. Christopher Eccleston (krɪstəfə ˈɛkəlstən born 16 February 1964 is an award-winning English stage, Film and Television Actor Eccles College is a Further education college in Eccles, Salford, England, providing AS and A level courses amongst others
Sports
Salford City Reds are a professional rugby league club based in Salford. Salford City Reds is a professional Rugby league club based in Salford in Greater Manchester, England. History See also History of rugby league The grass roots of rugby league can be traced to early football history, through the playing of ball games They play in the National League One following the club's relegation from the Super League in 2007. Media Some games are shown on Sky Sports, games involving Celtic Crusaders are shown on Welsh-language channel S4C. Their nickname is "The Red Devils", a name later copied by Manchester United F.C. who, based at nearby Old Trafford, are the geographically nearest professional football team to Salford. Salford is one of the few sizeable cities in the UK not to have a professional association football team. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Salford City F.C.. Salford City FC are a football club based in Salford, Lancashire, England. are a non-league club who play North West Counties League. Overview The league was formed in 1982 by the merger of the Cheshire County League and the Lancashire Combination.
Since Manchester hosted the Commonwealth Games of 2002, Salford Quays has developed into a major international triathlon site. Salford Quays is an area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England, near the end of the Manchester Ship Canal. A triathlon is an endurance sports event consisting of Swimming, cycling and Running over various distances
Speedway racing was staged in the pioneer days of the sport, late 1920s / very early 1930s, at Albion Stadium.
Salford had a venue for horse racing since the 17th century. This article is about the sport For other uses see Horserace (drinking game or Horse race (politics. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The earliest record of horse-racing at Kersal Moor is contained in the following notice in the London Gazette of 2–5 May 1687: "On Carsall Moore near Manchester in Lancashire on the 18th instant, a 20£. Kersal Moor is an area of Moorland in Kersal, within the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England, consisting of eight plate will be run for to carry ten stone, and ride three heats, four miles each heat. And the next day another plate of 40£. will be run for at the same moore, riding the same heats and carrying the same weight. The horses marks are to be given in four days before to Mr. William Swarbrick at the Kings Arms in Manchester. " [52] In 1847 the racecourse at Castle Irwell was opened just across the River Irwell from Kersal and the races were held there. The River Irwell is a River flowing through the Irwell Valley in the counties of Lancashire and Greater Manchester Kersal is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England In 1867 they were moved to New Barnes, Weaste but the site had to be vacated in 1901 when Salford Docks expanded and built its Dock 9. Weaste is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. Salford Docks, sometimes called Manchester Docks, was an area of nine docks in Salford and Trafford in Greater Manchester, at the east end of Castle Irwell later staged a Classic – the 1941 St. Leger Stakes, and was most famous as home of the Lancashire Oaks (nowadays run at Haydock Park Racecourse) and the November Handicap, which was traditionally the last major race of the UK flat season. The St Leger Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in the United Kingdom open to three-year-old Thoroughbred colts and The Lancashire Oaks is a Group 2 flat horse race in the United Kingdom for three-year-old and above Thoroughbred fillies Haydock Park Racecourse is a racecourse in Haydock, Merseyside, England. The November Handicap is a flat horse race in the United Kingdom for three-year-old and above Thoroughbreds It is run over a distance of 1 Through the late 1950s and early 1960s the track saw legendary jockeys Scobie Breasley and Lester Piggott annually battle out the closing acts of the jockey's title until racing ceased on 7 November 1963. Arthur Edward "Scobie" Breasley ( 7 May 1914 - 21 December 2006) was an Australian Jockey, the winner of the Lester Keith Piggott (born 5 November 1935) is a retired English Jockey, popularly known as "The Long Fellow" Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The intention was to sell the land, appart from 4. 5 acres, to a property development company. [51] Both the City Council and the Royal Technical College objected and their objections were upheld at a Public Enquiry two years later. A public inquiry is an official Review of events or actions ordered by a country's state's or province's government [51] The main stand at Castle Irwell was designed by local architect Ernst Atherton and was the first stand at any sports venue in the UK to include private boxes, the idea having later been copied by Manchester United and then made commonplace throughout the country. The structure still survives as a Students Union building; and in the early 1970s the majority of the site was used to build a student village for the University of Salford; the first student houses opening in October 1972. A students' union, student government, student senate, students' association, or guild of students is a Student Organization The University of Salford is a Plate glass university based in Salford Greater Manchester, England, with approximately 20000 registered students [51] Both the Castle Irwell and New Barnes sites were named "The Manchester Racecourse" even though they were entirely within the borders of Salford.
Culture
Salford Museum and Art Gallery opened in November 1850 as the Royal Museum and Public Library. The Salford Symphony Orchestra (SSO is one of the major amateur orchestras in North West England. It was built on the site of Lark Hill estate and Mansion, which was purchased by public subscription. The park was named Peel Park after Robert Peel who contributed to the subscription fund. Sir Robert Peel 2nd Baronet (5 February 1788 &ndash 2 July 1850 was the Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 10 December 1834 to 8 April The Library is notable because it was the first unconditionally free public library in the country. [53]
Salford's first annual film festival, held at the Red Cinema in the Lowry Outlet at Salford Quays in 2003, was a huge success. Salford Quays is an area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England, near the end of the Manchester Ship Canal. The second, in November 2004 achieved similar results, showcasing some new local talent. Manchester's award-winning international theatre festival 27/4, takes place each July at the North of England's only fringe theatre venue, Studio Salford at the King's Arms, Bloom Street, Salford, which is also a popular live music venue.
Due to its cheap rent and plentiful supply of redundant mill buildings, Salford is host to a number of artists, including those based at Cow Lane Studios, Kings Arms, Islington Mill and Suite Studio Group. Salford's visual art scene, completely homogeneous with that of Manchester includes publicly owned galleries at The Lowry, Salford City Museum as well as independent spaces such as Bureau. The Lowry is a combined theatre and gallery complex situated in Salford Quays, in Greater Manchester, England. The Salford Symphony Orchestra is an amateur orchestra originally founded in 1947 by Joseph Needham. The Salford Symphony Orchestra (SSO is one of the major amateur orchestras in North West England. It was disbanded in 1985, but re-formed in 1995. [54] Mediacity is in the process of construction on the Quays near the Lowry and will house several relocated national departments of the BBC
Salford also boasts the birthplace of numerous bands, including Joy Division. Joy Division were an English rock band formed in 1976 in Salford, Greater Manchester.
Cultural references
Salford has been the location for several films, including BAFTA award winner East is East, set in 1970s Salford,[55] and A Taste of Honey, whose final scene features the Barton-upon-Irwell swing bridge. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation East is East is a BAFTA award-winning British comedy film released in 1999. A Taste of Honey is the first play by British dramatist Shelagh Delaney, written at the age of 18 Barton-upon-Irwell (or Barton) is an area of Eccles, within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Walter Greenwood's 1933 novel Love on the Dole was set in a fictional area known as Hanky Park, said in the novel to be near Salford, but in reality based on Salford itself. Walter Greenwood ( December 17, 1903 &ndash September 13, 1974) was an English novelist best known for the socially influential novel Love on the Dole is a novel by Walter Greenwood, about Working class Poverty in 1930s Northern England. [56] A more modern fictional setting based on Salford is Coronation Street's Weatherfield. Coronation Street (commonly known as 'Corrie' is an award-winning Soap opera created by Tony Warren Weatherfield is a fictional area of Greater Manchester which serves as the setting for the British ITV Soap opera Coronation Street [57] Harold Brighouse's play Hobson's Choice is set in 19th-century Salford. Harold Brighouse ( July 26 1882, Eccles, Lancashire - July 25 1958, London) was an English Playwright Hobson's Choice is a play by Harold Brighouse, the title coming from the popular expression Hobson's choice — meaning no choice at all Ideal is set in Salford. Ideal is a British sitcom originally broadcast on digital channel BBC Three, created by Graham Duff and produced by BBC Comedy North
Salford is the subject of the folk songs Dirty Old Town written by native Ewan MacColl, and Matchstalk Men & Matchstalk Cats & Dogs (Lowry's Song), a tribute to local artist L S Lowry. " Dirty Old Town " is a song written by Ewan MacColl in 1949 that was made popular by The Dubliners. Ewan MacColl ( 25 January, 1915 - 22 October, 1989) was a British Folk singer, Songwriter, Socialist Brian & Michael are a British Music duo best known for their 1978 UK number one hit single, Laurence Stephen Lowry (1 November 1887 – 23 February 1976 was an English Artist born on Barrett Street Stretford, Lancashire. MacColl's song is the origin of Salford's nickname. [58] Local band Doves released a song on their 2005 album Some Cities called Shadows of Salford. Doves is an English Indie rock band which formed in Wilmslow, Cheshire, England, although most of their early gigs The most famous photograph of band The Smiths shows them standing outside the Salford Lads Club, and was used on their album The Queen Is Dead. The Smiths were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982 Salford Lads Club (officially the Salford Lads and Girls Club) is a boys and girls recreational club located in the Ordsall area of Salford, The Queen Is Dead is the third studio album by the English rock band The Smiths. None of the longstanding members of the group were actually from Salford, although second guitarist Craig Gannon – not shown on the photo – was a Salfordian who joined the group for a brief period. Craig Gannon (born on 30 July, 1966 in Manchester) is an English Guitar player best known for being the second Guitarist
In the first chapter of J. M. Barry's Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, there is an old man wandering around looking for someone who had been to Salford. Peter Pan is a fictional character created by Scottish novelist and playwright J He finds another man who spent "from Saturday to Monday" there.
The videos for the Timbaland song The Way I Are,[59] and the Justin Timberlake song Lovestoned were shot in Salford,[60] and it is mentioned several times in GTA:San Andreas as well as by the band The Smiths. Timothy Z Mosley (born March 10, 1971) better known by his Stage name Timbaland, is an American Record producer, " The Way I Are " is a song by Timbaland, released as the second single from his second album Timbaland Presents Shock Value. Justin Randall Timberlake (born January 31 1981 He has English ancestry although he has also claimed some American Indian ancestry probably through unconfirmed Grand Theft Auto San Andreas is a sandbox-style action-adventure computer and Video game developed by Rockstar North The Smiths were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982 Salford was recently featured in the Channel 4 programme The Secret Millionaire. Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began
Public services
Since 1974, Home Office policing in Salford has been provided by the Greater Manchester Police. The Home Office is the United Kingdom government department responsible for security and order Greater Manchester Police (" GMP " is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing the Metropolitan county of Greater The force's "(F) Division" has its headquarters for policing the City of Salford at Pendleton and Salford Quays. The City of Salford is a Local government district of Greater Manchester, England with the status of a city and Metropolitan borough. Prior to this Salford was policed by the Manchester and Salford Police. Manchester and Salford Police was from June 1 1968 to April 1 1974 a police force in England. Public transport is co-ordinated by the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive. The Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive ( GMPTE) is the public body ( Passenger Transport Executive) responsible for co-ordinating Public transport Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service, whose headquarters are at nearby Swinton. The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service is the county-wide statutory emergency fire and rescue service for the Metropolitan county of Swinton is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. [61]
Salford Royal, at Claremont near the boundary with Eccles, is a large NHS hospital administrated by Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust. Salford Royal (formerly Hope Hospital is a large hospital in Salford, Greater Manchester, England, managed by the Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Eccles is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. The North West Ambulance Service provides emergency patient transport. The North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust was formed on 1 July 2006 as part of Health Minister Lord Warner's plans to reduce the number of NHS Other forms of health care are provided for locally by several small clinics and surgeries. Health care is the prevention treatment and management of illness and the preservation of mental health through the services offered by the medical, Nursing
Waste management is co-ordinated by the local authority via the Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority. Waste management is the collection Transport, processing, Recycling or disposal of Waste materials Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. The Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority (GMWDA is a Waste disposal authority created under the Local Government Act 1985 to carry out the Waste [62] Salford's Distribution Network Operator for electricity is United Utilities;[63] there are no power stations in the city. Distribution Network Operators (DNOs are companies licensed to distribute electricity in Great Britain by the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets. United Utilities (UU ( is a British utility company with its headquarters in Warrington which operates mainly in the North West England A power station (also referred to as generating station, power plant or powerhouse) is an industrial facility for the generation of United Utilities also manages Salford's drinking and waste water. Water of sufficient quality to serve as drinking water is termed potable water whether it is used for drinking or not Distinguish from Wastwater (a lake in the Lake District in northwest England [63]
Notable people
People from Salford are called Salfordians. The city has been the birthplace and home to notable people, of national and international acclaim. Amongst the most notable persons of historic significance with a connection to Salford are Emmeline Pankhurst, one of the founders of the British suffragette movement. Emmeline Pankhurst (née Goulden; 15 July 1858 14 June 1928 was a political activist and leader of the British Suffragette movement Suffragette is a term originally coined by the Daily Mail newspaper as a derogatory label for the more radical and Militant members of the Bernard Sumner and Peter Hook, who were members of Joy Division (which later became known as New Order) are musicians from Salford. Bernard Sumner (born 4 January 1956 in Lower Broughton, Salford, Lancashire, England) is a British singer Peter "Hooky" Hook (born 13 February 1956 in Salford, Lancashire) is an English Bass player. Joy Division were an English rock band formed in 1976 in Salford, Greater Manchester. New Order are an English rock group formed in 1980 by Bernard Sumner ( vocals, Guitars Synthesizers, Peter Hook Notable sportsmen from Salford include former England national football team and current Manchester United F.C. midfielder Paul Scholes. The English national football team represents England in international football and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football Paul Aaron Scholes (born 16 November 1974) is an English football player who has spent his whole career at Manchester United. Karl Marx, philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary, was a short term resident of Salford in the 1840s. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Political economy originally was the term for studying production buying and selling and their relations with law custom and government A revolutionary when used as a noun is a person who either actively engages in some kind of Revolution, or advocates the revolution with recognition from some government or .
References
Notes
- ^ Office for National Statistics (2007-08-21). The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Population estimates 2006 by district. statistics. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2007-12-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian
- ^ a b Frangopulo, N. J (1977). Tradition in Action: The Historical Evolution of the Greater Manchester County. EP Publishing, Wakefield, 135-138.
- ^ Salford. 1911encyclopedia. org (1911). Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Salford City Council (December 2006). Salford West Strategic Regeneration Framework and Action Plan (PDF). salford. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 47
- ^ BBC News Online (31 May 2007). BBC Salford move gets green light. Retrieved on 2007-05-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt.
- ^ University of Nottingham's Institute for Name-Studies. The University of Nottingham is a Public, Co-educational institution of Higher learning in the city of Nottingham, England. Salford. nottingham. ac. uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 6
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 7
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 6
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 11
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 12
- ^ a b c Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 18
- ^ a b Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 19
- ^ a b c d e f g Salford City Council (2003-08-06). The City of Salford is a Local government district of Greater Manchester, England with the status of a city and Metropolitan borough. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Salford - Local History. salford. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2008-03-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
- ^ Hampson, Salford Through the Ages, p. 37.
- ^ Hampson, Salford Through the Ages, p. 39.
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 12
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 23
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 23
- ^ a b c d e f g h i McNeil, R. & Nevell, M (2000). A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester. Association for Industrial Archaeology. ISBN 0-9528930-3-7.
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 31
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 31
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 79.
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 35
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 35
- ^ a b c d e f g h Market Renewal: Manchester Salford Pathfinder (PDF). Audit Commission (2003). The Audit Commission is a Public corporation in the United Kingdom, established under the Local Government Finance Act 1982 to appoint auditors to all local Retrieved on 2008-02-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne
- ^ a b c Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 41
- ^ Latvian plea to blacklist Salford. BBC News (2004-12-17). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Retrieved on 2007-11-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw
- ^ Hull "worst place to live in UK". BBC News (2005-08-10). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Retrieved on 2007-11-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 9
- ^ Tallest towers approved for city. BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-12-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways
- ^ Middlewood Locks. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 157.
- ^ R. D. W. Young (1998-2008). Civic Heraldry of England and Wales - Lancashire (Obsolete) (http). civicheraldry. co. uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy
- ^ a b c d e f Anon (2003-07-31). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently A select gazetteer of local government areas, Greater Manchester County. Greater Manchester County Records Office. The Greater Manchester County Record Office, is located in Manchester, in North West England. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Salford's twin towns - salford. gov. uk
- ^ http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?hl=en&tab=wl
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 8
- ^ Wilson, John Marius. Descriptive Gazetteer entry for SALFORD. visionofbritain. org. uk. Retrieved on 2008-04-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
- ^ Pevsner, Nikolaus (1969). Lancashire, The Industrial and Commercial South. London, England: Penguin Books Ltd, 265. ISBN 0-14-071036-1.
- ^ Office for National Statistics (2001). The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly Census 2001:Key Statistics for urban areas in the North; Map 3 (PDF). statistics. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum
- ^ Office for National Statistics (2001). Greater Manchester Urban Area (http). statistics. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2007-12-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 41
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, p. 39
- ^ Shriking Cities: Manchester/Liverpool II (PDF). shrikingcities. com (March 2004). Retrieved on 2008-03-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth
- ^ Cathedral of St John and Attached Cathedral House. Images of England. Retrieved on 2007-11-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw
- ^ Manchester Evening News, February 2007
- ^ Manchester Evening News, January 2007
- ^ Ordsall Hall. Images of England. Retrieved on 2007-12-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies
- ^ a b c d e Gordon, Colin (1975). The Foundations of the University of Salford. Altrincham: John Sherratt and Son Ltd. ISBN 0-85427-045-0.
- ^ From: 'Townships: Broughton', A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 4 (1911), pp. 217-222. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=41408. Date accessed: 25 February 2008.
- ^ Special Guest the Mayor of Salford. manchesteronline. co. uk. Retrieved on 2008-03-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian
- ^ The Salford Symphony Orchestra. The Salford Symphony Orchestra. Retrieved on 2007-11-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw
- ^ East is East. British Film Institute. Retrieved on 2008-02-12. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the
- ^ Hopkins, English Fiction in the 1930s: Language, Genre, History, p. 45.
- ^ Little, Daran (2000). 40 Years of Coronation Street. Granada Media, 93. ISBN 0-233-99806-3.
- ^ Cooper, Salford: An Illustrated History, pp. 33–34.
- ^ Timbaland – The Way I Are. I Like Music. Retrieved on 2007-11-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw
- ^ Bourne, Dianne (2007-05-19). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Justin on Manc Mission. Manchester Evening News. Retrieved on 2007-11-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw
- ^ Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service. The Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service is the county-wide statutory emergency fire and rescue service for the Metropolitan county of Find our Headquarters. manchesterfire. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2008-04-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
- ^ Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority (2008). The Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority (GMWDA is a Waste disposal authority created under the Local Government Act 1985 to carry out the Waste Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority (GMWDA). gmwda. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
- ^ a b United Utilities (2007-04-17). United Utilities (UU ( is a British utility company with its headquarters in Warrington which operates mainly in the North West England Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Salford. unitedutilities. com. Retrieved on 2008-02-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne
Bibliography
- Cooper, Glynis (2005). Salford: An Illustrated History. The Breedon Books Publishing Company. ISBN 1859834558.
- Hopkins, Chris (2007). English Fiction in the 1930s: Language, Genre, History. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0826489389.
External links
- www.salford.gov.uk, Salford City Council
- www.visitsalford.info, Visit Salford
- www.salfordadvertiser.co.uk, Salford Advertiser
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