| Salerno | |||
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Region | Campania | ||
| Province | Province of Salerno | ||
| Founded | 194 BC | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Vincenzo De Luca | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 58 km² (22. Campania is a region of Southern Italy in Europe. The region has a population of around 5 In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The Province of Salerno (Provincia di Salerno is a province in the Campania region of Italy. Events By place Greece After checking the ambitions of the Spartan Tyrant, Nabis, the Roman forces under A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 4 sq mi) | ||
| Population (December 2005) | |||
| - Total | 146,324 (27th) | ||
| - Density | 2,484/km² (6,433. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. ISTAT data updated 2007 January 1. Figures are based on last 2001 Census plus data from official bilancio demografico ( demographic balance Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 5/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| Postal codes | 84100 | ||
| Area code(s) | 089 | ||
| Patron saints | Saint Matthew | ||
| Website: http://www.comune.salerno.it | |||
Salerno is a town in Campania (south-western Italy) and is the capital of the province of the same name. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Matthew the Evangelist (מתי/מתתיהו "Gift of Yahweh " Standard Hebrew and Tiberian Hebrew: Mattay or Mattithyahu Campania is a region of Southern Italy in Europe. The region has a population of around 5 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Province of Salerno (Provincia di Salerno is a province in the Campania region of Italy. It is located on the Gulf of Salerno on the Tyrrhenian Sea. The Gulf of Salerno is a gulf of the Tyrrhenian Sea in the coast of the province of Salerno in south-western Italy. The Tyrrhenian Sea (Mar Tirreno is part of the Mediterranean Sea off of the western coast of Italy.
Salerno is the main town in the Costiera Amalfitana (the "Amalfi Coast" on the Tyrrhenian, which includes the famous towns of Amalfi, Positano, and others) and is mostly known for its Schola Medica Salernitana (the first University of Medicine in the world). The Amalfi Coast, or Costiera Amalfitana in Italian, is a stretch of coastline on the southern side of the Sorrentine Peninsula of Italy ( Amalfi is also a town in the Antioquia Departament in Colombia. Positano is a small town on the Amalfi Coast ( Costiera Amalfitana) in Campania, Italy. The Schola Medica Salernitana ( Italian: Scuola Medica Salernitana) was the first Medieval Medical school in the cosmopolitan coastal Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the
In recent history the city hosted the King of Italy, who moved from Rome in 1943 after Italy negotiated a peace with the Allies in World War II. History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele III 11 November, 1869 – 28 December, 1947) was a member of the House of Savoy and Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A brief so-called "government of the South" was then established in the town, that became the "Capital" of Italy for some months. Some of the Allied landings during Operation Avalanche (the invasion of Italy) occurred near Salerno. In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose The process Allied invasion of Italy, was the Allied landing on mainland Italy in September 1943 by General Harold Alexander 's 15th Army Group
Today Salerno is a flourishing city of nearly 200,000 Salernitani with state-of-the-art architectural developments.
Geography
The city is situated at the north-western end of the plain of the Sele river, at the exact beginning of the Amalfi coast. The Amalfi Coast, or Costiera Amalfitana in Italian, is a stretch of coastline on the southern side of the Sorrentine Peninsula of Italy ( The small river Irno crosses through the central section of Salerno.
The climate is mediterranean, with a hot and relatively dry summer (23°C/74°F in August) and a rainy fall and winter (8°C/47°F in January). Usually there are nearly 1,000 mm of rain every year. The strong wind that comes from the mountains toward the Gulf of Salerno makes the city very windy (mainly in winter). The Gulf of Salerno is a gulf of the Tyrrhenian Sea in the coast of the province of Salerno in south-western Italy. But this fact gives Salerno a lot of sun because the clouds are quickly blown away, giving the advantage of being one of the most sunny towns of Italy.
History
Pre-Roman times
The area of what is now Salerno has been continuously settled since pre-historical times, although the first certain signs of human presence date to the period between the ninth and sixth centuries BC. Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic" We know the Samnites-Etruscans city of Irna, situated across the Irno river, in today's Salernitan quarter of Fratte. Etruscan civilization is the modern English name given to the culture and way of life of a people of ancient Italy This settlement represented an important base for Etruscan trade with the Greek colonies of Posidonia and Elea. Pos(eidonia also refers to the city of Magna Graecia later known as Paestum Posidonia is a genus of Flowering plants Elea may refer to Velia (town, Italy Elea Kyrenia, Cyprus Elea Nicosia, Cyprus
The Roman city
With the Roman advance in Campania, Irna began to lose its importance, being supplanted by the new Roman colony (194 BC) of Salernum, developing around an initial castrum. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Events By place Greece After checking the ambitions of the Spartan Tyrant, Nabis, the Roman forces under The Latin word castra, with its singular castrum, was used by the ancient Romans to mean buildings or plots of land reserved to or constructed for use as a military The new city, which gradually lost its military function in favour of its role as a trade center, was connected to Rome by the Via Popilia, which ran towards Lucania and Reggio Calabria. The Via Popilia is either of two different ancient Roman roads begun in the consulship of Publius Popilius Laenas, who was better known for his attack on the Gracchi Lucania was an ancient district of southern Italy, extending from the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Gulf of Taranto. Reggio di Calabria (Italian pronunciation /ˈrɛʤo ˌdikaˈlabrja/ Calabrian dialect: Rìggiu, Greek-Calabrian: Righi, Greek:
Archaeological remains, although fragmentary, suggest the idea of a flourishing and lively city. Under Diocletianus, in the late third century AD, Salernum became the administrative centre of the "Bruttia and Lucania" province. Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate
In the fifth century Salerno remained an important center under the Ostrogoth domination of Italy. The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi or Austrogothi were a branch of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in the political events of the late
In the following century, during the Gothic Wars, the Goths were defeated by the Byzantines, whose domination however later lasted only fifteen years (from 553 to 568), before the Lombards invaded almost the whole peninsula. See Gothic War (376-382 for the war on the Danube The Gothic War was a war fought in Italy and the adjoining regions of Dalmatia, Sardinia Events By Place Europe The Ostrogoth Kingdom is conquered by the Byzantines after the Battle of Mons Lactarius Events By Place Europe April 1 — King Alboin leads the Lombards into Italy refugees fleeing from them go on The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from Like many coastal cities of southern city (Gaeta, Sorrento, Amalfi), Salerno initially remained untouched by the newcomers, falling only in 646. Gaeta is a city and Comune in the Province of Latina, in Lazio, central Italy. Sorrento is a small city in Campania, Italy, with some 16500 inhabitants Amalfi is also a town in the Antioquia Departament in Colombia. Events An edict of the Taika Reforms is promulgated in Japan Alexandria is recaptured by the Arabs after a Byzantine It subsequently became part of the Duchy of Benevento. The Duchy and later Principality of Benevento was the southernmost Lombard duchy in medieval Italy centred on Benevento, a city central in the Mezzogiorno
The Lombard city
Under the Lombard dukes Salerno enjoyed the most splendid period of its history. The Lombard Principality of Salerno was a South Italian state centered on the port city of Salerno, formed out of the Principality of Benevento
In 774 Arechi II transferred the seat of the Duchy of Benevento to Salerno, in order to elude Charlemagne's offensive and to secure for himself the control of a strategic area, the centre of coastal and internal communications in Campania. Events By Place Europe Charlemagne conquers the kingdom of the Lombards, and takes title King of the Lombards Arechis II (also Aretchis, Arichis, Arechi or Aregis; died August 26 787) was Duke (and later Prince of Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his
With Arechi II, Salerno grew to great splendour, becoming a centre of studies with its famous Medical School. The Schola Medica Salernitana ( Italian: Scuola Medica Salernitana) was the first Medieval Medical school in the cosmopolitan coastal The Lombard prince ordered the city to be fortified; the Castle on the Bonadies mountain had already been built with walls and towers. In 839 Salerno declared independent from Benevento, becoming the capital of a flourishing principality stretching out to Capua, northern Calabria and Puglia up to Taranto. Events By Place Europe Louis the Pious attempts to divide his empire among his sons Capua is a city in the Province of Caserta, Campania, Italy situated 25 km (16 mi north of Naples, on the northeastern edge of Calabria ( Latin: Brutium) is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of Apulia ( Italian: Puglia) is a region in southeastern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east the Ionian Sea Not to be confused with Toronto. Taranto ( Ancient Greek: Tarās; Modern Greek: Tarantas) is a coastal city in
Around the year 1000 prince Guaimar IV annexed Amalfi, Sorrento, Gaeta and the whole duchy of Puglia and Calabria, starting to conceive a future unification of the whole southern Italy under Salerno's arms. Guaimar IV (c 1013 &ndash ass June 3 or 2 1052 was Prince of Salerno (1027&ndash1052 Duke of Amalfi (1039&ndash1052 Duke of Gaeta Amalfi is also a town in the Antioquia Departament in Colombia. Sorrento is a small city in Campania, Italy, with some 16500 inhabitants Gaeta is a city and Comune in the Province of Latina, in Lazio, central Italy. The coins minted in the city circulated in all the Mediterranean, with the Opulenta Salernum wording to certify its richness.
However, the stability of the Principate was continually shaken by the Saracen attacks and, most of all, by internal struggles. Saracen was a term used by Europeans in the Middle Ages for Fatimids at first then later for all who professed the religion of Islam. In 1056, one of the numerous plots led to the fall of Guaimar. His weaker son Gisulf II succeeded him, but the begin of the decline for the principality had begun. Gisulf II (also spelled Gisulph, Latin Gisulphus or Gisulfus, and Italian Gisulfo or Gisolfo) was the last In 1077 Salerno reached its zenith but soon lost all its territory to the Normans.
Salerno under the Normans, Hohenstaufen and Anjou
On December 13, 1076 the Norman conqueror Robert Guiscard, who had married Guaimar IV's daughter Sichelgaita, besieged Salerno and defeated his brother-in-law Gisulf. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Robert Guiscard (from Latin Viscardus and Old French Viscart, often rendered the Resourceful, the Cunning, the Wily Sikelgaita (also Sichelgaita or Sigelgaita) (1040 &ndash 16 April 1090) was a Lombard princess the daughter of Guaimar IV This act put an end to hundreds of years of Lombard dominance, but did not check the city's vitality. In this period the royal palace (Castel Terracena) and the magnificent Arab-Gothic style cathedral were built, and science was boosted as the Salerno Medical School, considered the most ancient medical institution of European West, reached its maximum splendour. The Schola Medica Salernitana ( Italian: Scuola Medica Salernitana) was the first Medieval Medical school in the cosmopolitan coastal
Salerno played a conspicuous part in the fall of the Norman kingdom. After the Emperor Henry VI's invasion on behalf of his wife, Constance, the heiress to the kingdom, in 1191, Salerno surrendered and promised loyalty on the mere news of an incoming army. Henry VI (November 1165 – 28 September 1197) was King of Germany from 1190 to 1197 Holy Roman Emperor from 1191 to 1197 and King Constance of Sicily (1154 &ndash November 27, 1198) was the heiress of the Norman kings of Sicily and the wife of Henry VI Holy Roman Emperor This so disgusted the archbishop, Nicholas of Ajello, that he abandoned the city and fled to Naples, which held out in a siege. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the In 1194, the situation reversed itself: Naples capitulated, along with most other cities of the Mezzogiorno, and only Salerno resisted. It was sacked and pillaged, much reducing its importance and prosperity. Henry had his reasons, though. He had entrusted Constance to the citizens and they had betrayed him and handed her over to King Tancred. Tancred (died February 20, 1194) was King of Sicily from 1189 to 1194 Her combined treachery and stubbornness cost Salerno much after the Hohenstaufen conquest. Henry's son, Frederick II, moreover, issued a series of edicts that reduced Salerno's role in favour of Naples (in particular, the foundation of the University of Naples in that city). Frederick II ( December 26, 1194 &ndash December 13, 1250) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was a Pretender to the title The University of Naples Federico II (Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II is a university located in Naples, Italy.
Following the advice of Giovanni da Procida (a famous citizen of that time), King Manfred of Sicily, Frederick II's son, ordered a dock that still now has his name, to be built. John of Procida ( Italian: Giovanni da Procida; 1210 &ndash 1298 was an Italian medieval physician and diplomat Manfred ( Venosa, 1232 &ndash Benevento February 26, 1266) was the King of Sicily from 1258 to 1266
Moreover Manfred founded Saint Matthew's Fair, which was the most important in the south of Italy. After the Angevin conquest the city was particularly beautified by the work of the famous sculptor, Boboccio da Piperno, admired by Queen Consort Margherita of Durazzo who took up her abode in Salerno and was buried in the monumental tomb, which is today in the cathedral. Charles I ( 21 March 1226 &ndash 7 January 1285) commonly called Charles of Anjou, was the King of Sicily by conquest Margherita of Durazzo ( 28 July, 1347 &ndash 6 August, 1412) was the Queen consort of Charles III of Naples.
Salerno and the revival of medical learning in Western Europe
A noted medical school, or series of schools, existed at Salerno from at least the tenth century, and by the eleventh century it was widely acknowledged by contemporaries as the centre of medical knowledge in western Europe, in much the same way as Alexandria had been in the ancient world. The Schola Medica Salernitana ( Italian: Scuola Medica Salernitana) was the first Medieval Medical school in the cosmopolitan coastal
Around 1060 a Benedictine monk and native of Carthage, Constantine the African, arrived at the Abbey of Monte Cassino, 100 miles to the north of Salerno. Constantine the African ( Latin Constantinus Africanus c 1020 Carthage or Sicily&ndash1087 monastery of Monte Cassino, near Cassino Principality For information about the World War II battle see the Battle of Monte Cassino. With his knowledge of Arabic and Greek as well as Latin, he began to translate many of the medical texts from ancient Greece and Rome from the surviving Arabic translations into Latin. Constantine translated around twenty major works himself, such as Galen's Ars Parva, Hippocratic work including the Aphorisms and the Prognostics and the great encyclopedic work known as the patengi. Galen ( Greek: Γαληνός Galēnos; Latin: Claudius Galenus, Aelius Galenus, Claudius Aelius Galenus, or Hippocrates of Cos II or Hippokrates of Kos ( ca. 460 BC – ca However, his most significant translation was probably the Isogoge of Joanittius, which would serve as an introduction to medical theory and practise for centuries.
The Princes of Sanseverino
From the fourteenth century onwards, most of the Salerno province became the territory of the Princes of Sanseverino, powerful feudal lords who acted as real owners of the region. They accumulated an enormous political and administrative power and attracted artists and men of letters in their own princely palace. In the fifteenth century the city was the scene of battles between the Angevin and the Aragonese royal houses with whom the local lords took sides alternatingly. Angevin (ˈændʒəvɪn ( French, from Old French, from Medieval Latin Andegavinus from Andegavia Anjou, France) is the name applied
In the first decades of the sixteenth century the last descendent of the Sanseverino princes was in conflict with the Aragonese viceroy, causing the ruin of the whole family and the beginning of a long period of decadence for the city. The years 1656, 1688 and 1694 represent sorrowful dates for Salerno: the plague and the earthquake which caused many victims.
A slow renewal of the city occurred in the eighteenth century with the end of the Spanish dominion and the construction of many refined houses and churches characterising the main streets of the historical centre.
In 1799 Salerno was incorporated into the Parthenopean Republic. Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Parthenopaean Republic (Italian Repubblica Partenopea) was a French -supported Republic in the territory of the Kingdom of Naples, formed During the Napoleonic era, first Joseph Bonaparte and then Joachim Murat ascended the Neapolitan throne. Timeline of the Napoleonic eraThe Napoleonic Era is a period in the History of France and Europe Joseph-Napoléon Bonaparte King of Naples and Sicily, King of Spain (during a time) and the Indies (never de facto and never de iure Joachim-Napoléon Murat (born Joachim Murat) ( Gioacchino Napoleone Murat) ( March 25 1767 &ndash October 13 1815) The latter decreed the closing of the Salerno Medical School, that had been declining for decades to the level of a theoretical school. The Schola Medica Salernitana ( Italian: Scuola Medica Salernitana) was the first Medieval Medical school in the cosmopolitan coastal In the same period even the religious Orders were suppressed and numerous ecclesiastical properties were confiscated.
The city expanded beyond the ancient walls and sea connections were potentiated as they represented an important road network that crossed the town connecting the eastern plain with the area leading to Vietri and Naples. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the
Salerno during the Risorgimento
Despite the loyalty to the Borbons in agrarian Mezzogiorno as a whole, the majority of the population of Salerno supported ideas of the Risorimento, and many of them joined Garibaldi in his struggle for unification>[1]
19th century industrialization
After the unification of Italy a slow urban development continued, many suburban areas were enlarged and large public and private buildings were created. Geography Southern Italy forms the lower "boot" of the Italian peninsula containing the ankle (Abruzzo and Molise and southern Lazio the toe (Calabria and the heel Garibaldi redirects here for other meanings see Garibaldi (disambiguation. Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian The city went on developing till the Second World War. Its population rose from 20 thousand people around 1861s unification to 80 thousands in early 20th century. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
During 19th century foreign industries start settling in Salerno: in 1830 a first textile mill was established by the Swiss enterpreneur Züblin Vonwiller, followed by Schlaepfer-Wenner's textile mills and dye factories; the Wenner family settled permanently in Salerno
At same time Dini's flour mills and pasta factories were founded. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display
In 1877 the city was the site of as many as 21 textile mills employing around 10 thousand workers; in comparison with the four thousand employed in Turin's textile industry, Salerno was sometimes referred to as the "Manchester of the two Sicilies". Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
World War II, "Salerno Capital" and after
In September 1943, Salerno was the scene of the Operation Avalanche landing of the Allies and suffered a lot of damage[2]
From February 12 to July 17, 1944, it hosted the Government of Marshal Pietro Badoglio. The process Allied invasion of Italy, was the Allied landing on mainland Italy in September 1943 by General Harold Alexander 's 15th Army Group Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pietro Badoglio 1st Duke of Addis Abeba ( 28 September 1871 &ndash 1 November 1956) was an Italian soldier and politician In those months Salerno was the temporary capital of the Kingdom of Italy, and the King Victor Emmanuel III lived in a mansion in its outskirts. There have been several distinct entities known as the Kingdom of Italy. Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele III 11 November, 1869 – 28 December, 1947) was a member of the House of Savoy and
The post-war period was difficult for all the Italian cities, but Salerno managed to improve little by little and to aim at becoming a modern European city. In recent years the town administration has taken great strides giving a great impulse to the revaluation of the whole urban territory.
The city's population doubled in a few years, from 80,000 in 1946 to nearly 160,000 in 1976.
Main sights
Salerno is located at the geographical center of a triangle nicknamed Tourist Triangle of the 3 P (namely a triangle with the corners in Pompei, Paestum and Positano). Pompei is a city in the Province of Naples ( Campania, Italy) Paestum is the classical Roman name of a major Graeco-Roman city in the Campania region of Italy. Positano is a small town on the Amalfi Coast ( Costiera Amalfitana) in Campania, Italy. This peculiarity gives to Salerno special tourist characteristics that are increased by the many local points of tourist interest (like the Lungomare Trieste, the Castello di Arechi, the Duomo and the Museo Didattico della Scuola Medica Salernitana. Salerno Cathedral (or Duomo) is the main church of the city of Salerno in southern Italy. [3]
In the last years the renewal of the historical centre has been directed towards the rediscovery of the artistic and cultural treasures of an exceptional city.
Salerno appears as a welcoming community for tourists from all over the world with its historical centre, where it is possible to admire both the traces of its ancient history and the fervour of artisan shops and places for cultural and musical aggregation attended by thousands of people.
Landscape
- Lungomare Trieste The "Promenade of Salerno" was created from the sea during the fifties and it is one of the best in Italy, at the level (and imitation) of those in the French Riviera. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The French Riviera (Côte d'Azur Occitan: Còsta Azzura) is one of the most famous resort areas in the world extending along the Mediterranean Sea west It has an extension of nearly five miles with many rare palms.
- Castello di Arechi. The "Arechi Castle" is a massive castle commanding the city from a 300 m hill. It was enlarged by Arechi II over a pre-existing Roman-Byzantine construction. Arechis II (also Aretchis, Arichis, Arechi or Aregis; died August 26 787) was Duke (and later Prince of Today it houses rooms for exhibitions and congresses. The Castle offers a complete and spectacular view of the city and the gulf of Salerno. The Gulf of Salerno is a gulf of the Tyrrhenian Sea in the coast of the province of Salerno in south-western Italy.
- Centro storico di Salerno. The "Historical Downtown Salerno" is believed to be one of the best maintained in the Italian peninsula. Its "Via dei mercanti" (merchant street) is even today the main bulk of the shopping in the city. The Duomo is its center. Salerno Cathedral (or Duomo) is the main church of the city of Salerno in southern Italy.
- Giardino della Minerva. The "Garden of Minerva" is situated in the fringes of the Castle hill that dominates the old Salerno. In it can be found the medieval "Hortus sanitatis" of the Schola Medica Salernitana, that was the first European "Orto Botanico" (botanic garden). The Schola Medica Salernitana ( Italian: Scuola Medica Salernitana) was the first Medieval Medical school in the cosmopolitan coastal
- Parco del Mercatello. The "Park of Mercatello" is situated in the eastern section of the city. It was made in 1998 and with its ten Ha is one the biggest in Italy.
- Forte La Carnale. The "Castle La Carnale" got his name from a medieval battle against the Arabs and is part of a sport complex (with pool, tennis courts and hockey). The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Actually it is used as a cultural center for expositions and meetings.
- Villa Comunale di Salerno. The garden of the old city hall is actually a huge recreation area in front the Salerno Theater (the "Teatro Verdi"), with a fountain (called "Don Tullio") done in 1790.
- Colle Bellara. It is a hill from where it is possible to see the Amalfi Coast up to the Cilento. The Amalfi Coast, or Costiera Amalfitana in Italian, is a stretch of coastline on the southern side of the Sorrentine Peninsula of Italy ( Cilento is an Italian geographical region of Campania, in the central and southern part of the Province of Salerno; and an important tourist area of southern
Buildings
- Teatro Verdi. The Salerno Theater ("Teatro Verdi") was done in 1872 and is decorated with paintings of Gaetano D'Agostino. The theater was destroyed during the 1980 earthquake and rebuilt in 1994, during the celebrations for the fifty years of "Salerno Capital of Italy".
- Palazzo di Città di Salerno. The "City Hall" was done in 1936 in typical Fascist style. Its main saloon, the "Marmol Saloon" was the meeting room for the first Government of the Kingdom of Italy after the fall of Fascism in 1943. There have been several distinct entities known as the Kingdom of Italy. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology
- Palazzo Genovese. In baroque style of the seventeenth century, was rebuilt by the arquitect Ferdinando Sanfelice. Ferdinando Sanfelice ( 1675 - 1748) was an Italian painter and architect of the Baroque.
- Palazzo Pinto. It is situated in the middle of the "Via dei Mercanti" (merchant street) and has the "Pinacoteca Provinciale" (Paintings Museum of the Province).
- Palazzo De Ruggiero. Noble building done in the sixteenth century, situated near the Cathedral.
- Castel Terracena. The "Terracena" Castle was built by Robert Guiscard in 1076-1086 as a Royal Mansion, next to the Eastern walls. Only scarce remains (mainly tower-houses in tuff) can be seen today, as it was destroyed by an earthquake in 1275. Tuff (from the Italian "tufo" is a type of rock consisting of consolidated volcanic ash ejected from vents during a volcanic eruption
- Palazzo Fruscione. Medieval Palace done in the XII century. It has walls of the Arechi II Royal Mansion. Arechis II (also Aretchis, Arichis, Arechi or Aregis; died August 26 787) was Duke (and later Prince of
- Palazzo Copeta. It is situated in the longobard section of the city. The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from It hosted the last lessons of the Schola Medica Salernitana during Napoleon times. The Schola Medica Salernitana ( Italian: Scuola Medica Salernitana) was the first Medieval Medical school in the cosmopolitan coastal Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe.
- Palazzo d'Avossa. Noble Palace rebuilt in the seventeenth century by the arquitect Ferdinando Sanfelice. Ferdinando Sanfelice ( 1675 - 1748) was an Italian painter and architect of the Baroque. It has frescoes inspired by Torquato Tasso's Gerusalemme liberata
- Palazzo Ruggi d'Aragona. Torquato Tasso ( 11 March 1544 &ndash 25 April 1595) was an Italian Poet of the 16th century best known for his poem Jerusalem Delivered ( La Gerusalemme liberata) (first published 1581 is an Epic poem by the Italian poet Torquato Tasso which tells Palace done in the XV century near the "Via dei Mercanti" (merchant street).
- Palazzo Morese. Built in the XIV century and later renovated in Baroque style, facing the Cathedral.
Churches
- The Salerno Cathedral dominates with the characteristic Bell-Tower the historical downtown Salerno. Salerno Cathedral (or Duomo) is the main church of the city of Salerno in southern Italy. In the Cripta there it is the tomb of one of the twelve apostles of Cristo, Saint Matthew the Evangelist. The Twelve Apostles (Greek apostolos, "someone sent out" e Matthew the Evangelist (מתי/מתתיהו "Gift of Yahweh " Standard Hebrew and Tiberian Hebrew: Mattay or Mattithyahu The Cathedral is the main tourist attraction of the city.
- Chiesa della SS. Annunziata. The church of the XIV century is located near the northern entrance of medieval Salerno (called "Portacatena"). It has a beautiful tower-bell done by the arquitect Ferdinando Sanfelice. Ferdinando Sanfelice ( 1675 - 1748) was an Italian painter and architect of the Baroque.
- Chiesa di San Gregorio. The church was done in the X century near the "Via dei Mercanti" (merchant street): a document states its existence in 1058. Actually is the home of the "Museo didattico della Scuola Medica Salernitana" (Museum of the Salerno Medical School).
- Chiesa di San Giorgio. The Church of San Giorgio is the most beautiful Baroque church of Salerno. It has paintings of Andrea Sabatini and high-quality frescoes by Francesco and Angelo Solimena (late seventeenth century). Francesco Solimena ( October 4, 1657 &mdash April 3, 1747) was a prolific Italian painter of the Baroque era one of an established Francesco Solimena ( October 4, 1657 &mdash April 3, 1747) was a prolific Italian painter of the Baroque era one of an established It is related to one of the most ancient monasteries of the city, dating back to the early ninth century, in which remains of apse frescoes have been recently brought to light.
- Chiesa di San Pietro in Vinculis. it is located on the "Piazza Portanova" (Square Portanova) and has Renaissance paintings. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere
- Chiesa di San Benedetto The St. Benedict church was originally part of monastery from 7th-9th centuries, connected to a massive aqueduct whose remains are still visible today. After the Saracen destruction in 884, it was rebuilt by Abbot Angelarius with a nave and two aisles. Remains of an entrance quadriporticus can still be seen. This page is a glossary of architecture. A Aisle - subsidiary space alongside the body of a building separated from it by columns piers or
- Chiesa di Sant'Agostino. The church is renowned for the "Madonna di Costantinopoli" (Virgin of Costantinopole) inside.
- Chiesa di Sant'Apollonia. Important meeting place.
- Chiesa del Santissimo Crocifisso. The church located in the "Via dei Mercanti" (merchant street) has a "Cripta" of the X century.
- Chiesa di San Pietro a Corte. Longobard church of the X century, was part of the Arechi II Royal Mansion with the name "Cappella Palatina". Arechis II (also Aretchis, Arichis, Arechi or Aregis; died August 26 787) was Duke (and later Prince of
- Chiesa dell'Annunziatella. The church is located near the old Roman Forum and has a beautiful fountain of the XVI century near the entrance. This page refers to the main forum in the center of Rome See Imperial forums or Other forums in Rome (below for other forums in Rome and
Monuments
- Faro della Giustizia. Sistine Chapel (Cappella Sistina is the best-known Chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in Vatican City. Monument of the "Cittadella giudiziaria" of Salerno, near the "Colle Bellara.
- Monumento al Marinaio. Monument to the sailors situated in Concordia square, in front of the tourist port "Masuccio Salernitano".
Museums and Galleries
- Museo Archeologico Provinciale. The Museum is located inside the old "San Benedetto Monastery" and is internationally renowned for its "Testa di Apollo" (head of Apollo).
- Museo Didattico della Scuola Medica Salernitana. Located inside the longobard church of San Gregorio. The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from The Museum has noteworthy documents from the Schola Medica Salernitana. The Schola Medica Salernitana ( Italian: Scuola Medica Salernitana) was the first Medieval Medical school in the cosmopolitan coastal
- Museo Diocesano di Salerno. It is located near the Salerno Cathedral and has many precious objects of religious art. Salerno Cathedral (or Duomo) is the main church of the city of Salerno in southern Italy.
- Pinacoteca Provinciale. Located inside the "Palazzo Pinto" in the "Via dei Mercanti" (Merchant street). It has many Renaissance paintings (like those of Andrea Sabatini, who worked in the Cappella Sistina). The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Sistine Chapel (Cappella Sistina is the best-known Chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in Vatican City.
Archeology
- Area archeologica etrusco-sannitica di Fratte. The archeological area (in Fratte) of the etruscans and "Sanniti" is the most southern in Italy and is located in the eastern outskirts of Salerno. Etruscan civilization is the modern English name given to the culture and way of life of a people of ancient Italy It has a huge "necropolis".
Culture
Salerno hosted the oldest university in Europe, the Schola Medica Salernitana, the most important source of medical knowledge in Europe in the early Middle Ages. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The Schola Medica Salernitana ( Italian: Scuola Medica Salernitana) was the first Medieval Medical school in the cosmopolitan coastal
The University Institute of Magistero "Giovanni Cuomo", founded in 1944, received, therefore, the distinguished heritage of an ancient tradition. Since 1968, when the University of Salerno became public, enrollment has increased substantially. The University of Salerno ( Italian: Università degli Studi di Salerno, UNISA is a university located in Salerno, Italy. Today the two campuses of Fisciano and Baronissi take in over 40,000 students attending the wide range of subjects offered by the 10 Faculties: Economics, Pharmaceutics, Law, Engineering, Humanities, Foreign Languages, Political Science, Natural Science, Mathematics and Physics, Education Science and now Medicine and Surgery.
Economy
The economy of Salerno is mainly based on services and tourism, as most of the city's manufacturing base did not survive the economic crisis of the 1970s. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The remaining ones are connected to pottery and food production and treatment. Pottery is the Ceramic ware made by potters It also refers to a group of materials that includes Earthenware, Stoneware Food is any substance usually composed primarily of Carbohydrates Fats water and/or Proteins that can be eaten or drunk by an
The port of Salerno is one of the most active of the Tyrrhenian Sea. The Tyrrhenian Sea (Mar Tirreno is part of the Mediterranean Sea off of the western coast of Italy. It moves some 7 millions of tons of goods a year, 60% of which is made up by containers.
The Salerno airport at Pontecagnano, in the souther outskirt of the city, will start international passenger traffic in 2009.
References
- ^ Seton-Watson, "Italy from Liberalism to Fascism, 1870-1925".
- ^ In the section "Salerno ieri ed oggi" of the website [1] there are many photos of the fighting and destruction of Salerno during the Allies' landing.
- ^ In the website [2] can be found in Italian detailed informations about the "historical downtown" of Salerno
Bibliography
- Bonfanti, Giuseppe. Dalla Svolta di Salerno al 18 aprile 1948. Editrice La Scuola. Brescia 1979.
- Crisci, Generoso. Salerno sacra:ricerca storica. Edizioni della Curia arcivescovile. Salerno 1962.
- D'Episcopo, Francesco. Salerno. Sulla scia di Alfonso Gatto. Masuccio e l'Ottocento salernitano. Editrice Il Sapere. Ancona 2004.
- De Renzi, Salvatore. Storia documentata della Scuola Medica di Salerno. Tipografie Gaetano Nobile. Napoli 1857.
- Di Martino, Maristella. Le Ricette di Salerno. La cultura gastronomica della città. Editore Il Raggio di Luna. Salerno 2006.
- Errico, Ernesto. Cinquant'anni fa a Salerno. Ripostes Editore. Salerno 2004.
- Felici, Maria. Palazzi nobiliari a Salerno. Edizioni La Veglia. Salerno 1996.
- Giordano, Gaetano. Il Profeta della Grande Salerno. Cento anni di storia meridionale nei ricordi di Alfonso Menna. Avagliano Editore. Salerno 1999.
- Iannizzaro, Vincenzo. Salerno. La Cinta Muraria dai Romani agli Spagnoli. Editore Elea Press. Salerno 1999.
- Iovino, Giorgia. Riqualificazione urbana e sviluppo locale a Salerno. Attori, strumenti e risorse di una città in trasformazione. Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane. Napoli 2002.
- Mazzetti, Massimo. Salerno Capitale d'Italia. Edizioni del Paguro. Salerno 2000.
- Musi, Aurelio. Salerno moderna. Editore Avagliano. Salerno 1999.
- Ferraiolo Marco Storia di un anno di anni fa - Racconti di vita salernitana degli anni 60-70 . Edizioni Ripostes . Salerno 2005
- Roma, Adelia. I giardini di Salerno. Editore Elea Press. Salerno 1997.
- Seton-Watson, Christopher. Italy from Liberalism to Fascism, 1870-1925. John Murray Publishers. Londra 1967.
Photos
 The port of Salerno from the Castle of Arechi |
 Bell Tower of the Salerno Cathedral |
 View of Salerno from the Amalfi coast |
 Medieval Acqueduct |
 Fountain in the "Giardini della Minerva" |
 Castle of Arechi overlooking downtown Salerno |
 Palazzo Genovesi |
 Old Roman Temple (called "Pomona")restructured |
 Church of the Annunziata |
 Fountain "Don Tullio" |
 Old tourist port of Salerno |
 Castle "La Carnale" |
Twin cities
See also
External links
- University of Salerno
- Photo of the "Cripta" of the Salerno Cathedral, where is the tomb of the Apostle Matthew
- Salerno Webcam
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