Citizendia
Your Ad Here

This articles concerns the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism. For information on the ancient Śākya tribe, see Shakya. Shakya ( Sanskrit:Śākya and {{IAST|Pāli}}:Sākiya is the name (derived from Sanskrit śakya, capable able of an ancient Janapada (realm For the prehistoric turtle, see Sakya (turtle). Turtles are Reptiles of the Order Testudines (all living turtles belong to the Crown group Chelonia) most of

The Sakya (Tibetan: ས་སྐྱ་, "pale earth") school is one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, the others being the Nyingma, Kagyu, and Gelug. The Tibetan script is an Abugida of Indic origin used to write the Tibetan language as well as the Dzongkha language, Ladakhi language Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism (the other three being the Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug) The Kagyu or Kagyupa school also known as the " Oral Lineage " or Whispered Transmission school is one of four main schools of Himalayan The Gelug or Gelug-pa, also known as the Yellow Hat sect, is a school of Buddhism founded by Tsongkhapa (1357–1419 a Philosopher It is one of the Red Hat sects along with the Nyingma and Kagyu.

Contents

Origins

The name Sakya ("pale earth") derives from the unique grey landscape of Ponpori Hills in southern Tibet near Shigatse, where Sakya Monastery, the first monastery of this tradition, and the seat of the Sakya School was built by Khon Konchog Gyalpo (1034-1102) in 1073. The Ponpori hills are a range of hills with grey soil southwest of Shigatse, in South Western Tibet. Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European Sakya Monastery, also known as dPal Sa skya or Pel Sakya ("White Earth" or "Pale Earth" is a Buddhist Monastery situated 25 km southeast

The Sakya tradition developed during the second period of translation of Buddhist scripture from Sanskrit into Tibetan in the late 11th century. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical It was founded by Drogmi, a famous scholar and translator who had studied at the Vikramashila University in India for some years, rejected the old tantras and followed the teachings of Atisha. University was one of the two most important centers of Buddhist learning in India along with University during the Pala dynasty. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Tantra ( Sanskrit: तन्त्र; " Weave " denoting continuity) tantricism or tantrism is any of several esoteric Early life Atisha is most commonly said to have been born in the year 980 in Vajrayogini village in Bikrampur, the northeastern region of Bengal (located in Konchog Gyalpo, who had become dissatisfied with the lax discipline of the Nyingmapa teachers, became Drogmi's disciple. The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism (the other three being the Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug)

The tradition was founded by the "Five Venerable Supreme Masters" starting with the grandson of Khonchog Gyalpo, Kunga Nyingpo, who became known as Sachen, or "Great Sakyapa":[1]

Buton Rinchen Drub (1290-1364) was an important scholar and writer and one of Tibet's most celebrated historians. Sachen Kunga Nyingpo ( (1092-1158 was a Tibetan spiritual leader and the first of the Five Venerable Supreme Sakya Masters of Tibet. Sonam Tsemo (1142-1182 was a Tibetan sprititual leader and Buddhist scholar and the second of the Five Venerable Supreme Sakya Masters of Tibet Drakya Gyaltsen (1147-1216 was a Tibetan sprititual leader and the third of the Five Venerable Supreme Sakya Masters of Tibet: Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyeltsen or Kunga Gylatshan Pal Zangpo (1182&ndash1251 was a Tibetan spiritual leader and Buddhist scholar and the fourth of the Five Drogön Chögyal Phagpa ( also written Dongon Choegyal Phakpa, Dromtön Chögyal Pagpa, etc Other notable scholars of the Sakya tradition are the so called "Six Ornaments of Tibet:"

Teachings

Sakya Pandita
Sakya Pandita

Sachen, the first of the five supreme masters, received a wealth of tantric doctrines from numerous Tibetan translators or "lotsawas" who had visited India, most importantly Drokmi Lotsawa, Bari Lotsawa and Mal Lotsawa. Gorampa Sonam Senge (1429-1489 was an important philosopher in the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism. Tantra ( Sanskrit: तन्त्र; " Weave " denoting continuity) tantricism or tantrism is any of several esoteric Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European Lotsawa ( Wylie: lo tsA ba) is a Tibetan word used as a title to refer to the native Tibetan translators such as Vairotsana, Rinchen Zangpo India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country From Drokmi comes the supreme teaching of Sakya, the system of Lamdre (lam 'bras) or "Path and its Fruit", deriving from the mahasiddha Virupa (alternate orthographies: Birwapa/Birupa) and based upon the Hevajra Tantra. The Mārgapala ( Path and Result, Tib Lamdr e Wylie lam 'bras) - in the West commonly called Lam Dre - is a Vajrayana Buddhist teaching originating Mahasiddhas (Tibetan grub thob chen po; tul shug or tulshug; Sanskrit Maha - great Siddhas - achievers Hevajra (Tibetan kye'i rdo rje / kye rdo rje) is one of the main Yidams in Tantric, or Vajrayana Buddhism. Mal Lotsawa introduced to Sakya the esoteric Vajrayogini lineage known as "Naro Khachoma. Vajrayogini ( Tibetan: Dorje Naljorma, Wylie Rdo rje rnal ’byor ma) Is the Vajra Yogini, literally 'the diamond female " From Bari Lotsawa came innumerable tantric practices, foremost of which was the cycle of practices known as the One Hundred Sadhanas. Other key transmissions that form part of the Sakya spiritual curriculum include the cycles of Vajrakilaya, Mahakala and Guhyasamaja. The Phurba ( Tib, pronunciation between 'pur-ba' & 'fur-pu' alt Mahakala is a Dharmapala ("protector of Dharma " in Vajrayana Buddhism ( Tibetan Buddhism and Japanese Shingon Buddhism Guhyasamaja Tantra, or Esoteric Community Tantra, (tib gSang ba 'dus pa'i rgyud) (Sanskrit "Treatise on the Sum Total of Mysteries"

The fourth Sakya patriarch, Sakya Pandita, was notable for his exceptional scholarship and composed many important and influential texts on sutra and tantra, including, Clarifying the Thought of the Sage and Discriminating the Three Vows.

The main difference with the other schools is that there are two distinct forms of teaching. One form is meant for a generic audience which is mainly based on sutra and private education which is mainly tantric. Many Tibetan masters from other schools have received the private teaching of the Sakya in addition to the teachings of their own schools. Like monks of most Tibetan sects, Sakya monks are not allowed to marry. However, the Spiritual leader of Sakya, His Holiness Sakya Trizin is a lay practitioner whose lineage is passed down through a hereditary system and so it is vital for His Holiness to take a consort and produce a male lineage holder. The Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism refers to its head as the Sakya Trizin.

Subschools

In due course, two subsects emerged from the main Sakya lineage,

The main masters have fled from Tibet during the exile and thus, teaching is difficult to obtain for Tibetans in Tibet now.

Feudal lordship over Tibet

Further information: Tibet during the Ming Dynasty

In 1264 the feudal lordship over Tibet was given to Phagpa by the Mongolian emperor, Kublai Khan. The exact nature of Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 of China is unclear Early years Kublai Khan studied Chinese culture and became enamoured of it Sakya lamas continued to serve as viceroys of Tibet on behalf of the Mongol emperors for nearly 75 years after Phagpa’s demise (1280), until the Emperor of China subjugated the Mongols.

Sakya today

The 41st Sakya Trizin, the head of the Sakya school
The 41st Sakya Trizin, the head of the Sakya school

The head of the Sakya school, known as Sakya Trizin ("holder of the Sakya throne"), is always drawn from the male line of the Khön family. The Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism refers to its head as the Sakya Trizin. The Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism refers to its head as the Sakya Trizin. The present Sakya Trizin, His Holiness Ngawang Kunga Tegchen Palbar Samphel Wanggi Gyalpo, born in Tsedong in 1945, is the forty-first to hold that office. The Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism refers to its head as the Sakya Trizin. Today, he resides in Rajpur, India along with his consort Dagmo Tashi Lhakyi and two sons His Eminence Ratna Vajra Rinpoche and His Eminence Gyana Vajra Rinpoche. His Eminence Ratna Vajra Rinpoche being the older son, is the lineage holder and has also taken a consort (Dagmo Kalden Dunkyi).

The Rimé movement

During the 19th century the great Sakya master and terton Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, the famous Kagyu master Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Thaye and the important Nyingma terton Orgyen Chokgyur Lingpa founded the Rime movement, an ecumenical attempt to incorporate all teachings of all schools, to overcome the separation of Buddhist transmission in different traditions. Terma are key Tibetan Buddhist and Bön teachings originally Esoterically secreted hidden by various adepts such as Padmasambhava and his Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820-1892 was a renowned teacher scholar and Tertön of 19th century Tibet. The Kagyu or Kagyupa school also known as the " Oral Lineage " or Whispered Transmission school is one of four main schools of Himalayan Jamgon Kongtrul was a prominent Tibetan Buddhist teacher ( Lama) and is also the name shared by members of a lineage held by tradition to be his subsequent reincarnations The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism (the other three being the Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug) Chokgyur Lingpa or Chokgyur Dechen Lingpa (1829-1870 was a Terton or treasure revealer and contemporary of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Jamgon Kongtrul Rimé is a Buddhist Ecumenical movement founded in Eastern Tibet during the late 19th century largely by Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and

This movement still influences modern Tibetan Buddhist practice through the "five great treasures" of Jamgon Kongtrul and the treasure of rediscovered teachings (Rinchen Terdzöd). Jamgon Kongtrul was a prominent Tibetan Buddhist teacher ( Lama) and is also the name shared by members of a lineage held by tradition to be his subsequent reincarnations

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Powers, John. Sakya Monastery, also known as dPal Sa skya or Pel Sakya ("White Earth" or "Pale Earth" is a Buddhist Monastery situated 25 km southeast The Mārgapala ( Path and Result, Tib Lamdr e Wylie lam 'bras) - in the West commonly called Lam Dre - is a Vajrayana Buddhist teaching originating Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including The Jonang ( Chinese 觉囊 school of Tibetan Buddhism became widely known at the end of the 13th century Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism. Snow Lion Publications. 1995. p. 382.

References

External links

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic