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Sakha (Yakutia) Republic (English)
Республика Саха (Якутия) (Russian)
Саха Республиката (Sakha)

Location of the Sakha Republic in Russia
Coat of Arms Flag

Coat of arms of the Sakha Republic
Flag of the Sakha Republic
Anthem: National Anthem of the Sakha Republic
Capital Yakutsk
Established April 27, 1922
Political status
Federal district
Economic region		 Republic
Far Eastern
Far Eastern
Code 14
Area
Area
- Rank within Russia		 3,103,200 km²
1st
Population (as of the 2002 Census)
Population
- Rank within Russia
- Density
- Urban
- Rural		 949,280 inhabitants
58th
0. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification The white disc represents the northern sun The blue white and green stand for the sky Snow and Taiga landscape A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's Yakutsk (Яку́тск Дьокуускай) is a city in the Russian Far East, located about 4° (450 kilometres Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Russia is a Federation which consists of 83  subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal This article is about an administrative division of the federal government of Russia Russia is divided into twelve economic regions (экономи́ческие райо́ны ekonomicheskiye rayony, sing The Russian Federation is divided into 83  federal subjects (constituent units 21 of which are Republics. The Far Eastern Federal District (Дальневосто́чный федера́льный о́круг Dalnevostochny federalny okrug) is the largest of the seven Far Eastern economic region (Дальневосто́чный экономи́ческий райо́н tr Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of Russia 's area is about 17 million square kilometers (65 million sq Russian Census of 2002 (Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да was the first Census of the Russian Federation carried 3 inhab.  / km²
64. 3%
35. 7%
Official languages Russian, Sakha
Government
President Vyacheslav Shtyrov
Chairman of the Government Yegor Borisov
Legislative body State Assembly (Il Tumen)
Constitution Constitution (Basic Law)
of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic
Official website
http://www.sakha.gov.ru/

The Sakha (Yakutia) Republic (Russian: Респу́блика Саха́ (Яку́тия); Yakut: Саха Республиката) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Sakha, or Yakut, is a Turkic language with around 460000 speakers spoken in the Sakha Republic in the Russian Federation by the Sakha Vyacheslav Anatolyevich Shtyrov (Вячеслав Анатольевич Штыров (born May 23, 1953) is the president of the Russian republic A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation Il Tumen is the name for the Bicameral legislature of the Russian republic of Sakha. The term basic law is used in some places as an alternative to " Constitution " implying it is a temporary but necessary measure without formal enactment A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Sakha, or Yakut, is a Turkic language with around 460000 speakers spoken in the Sakha Republic in the Russian Federation by the Sakha Russia is a Federation which consists of 83  subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its The direct romanization of the republic's name is Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya) in Russian and Sakha Respublikata in Sakha. The Romanization of the Russian alphabet is the process of transliterating the Russian language from the Cyrillic alphabet and At half the size of the Far Eastern Federal District, it is the largest subnational governing body by area in the world. The Far Eastern Federal District (Дальневосто́чный федера́льный о́круг Dalnevostochny federalny okrug) is the largest of the seven

Contents

Geography

Sakha stretches to the Henrietta Islands in the far north and is washed by the Laptev and Eastern Siberian Seas of the Arctic Ocean. Henrietta Island (Остров Генриетты Ostrov Genriyetty) is the northernmost Island of the De Long Archipelago in the The Laptev Sea ( Russian: мо́ре Ла́птевых is a Marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. The East Siberian Sea ( Russian: ru Восто́чно-Сиби́рское мо́ре is a Marginal sea in the Arctic Ocean. The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major These waters, the coldest and iciest of all seas in the northern hemisphere, are covered by ice for 9-10 months of the year. New Siberian Islands are a part of the republic's territory. The New Siberian Islands (Новосиби́рские острова Novosibirskiye Ostrova are an Archipelago, located to the North of the East Siberian After Nunavut was separated from Canada's Northwest Territories, Sakha became the largest subnational entity (statoid) in the world, with an area of 3,103,200 km²

Sakha can be divided into three great vegetation belts. Nunavut (ˈnuːnəvʊt ( Inuktitut syllabics: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ is the largest and newest territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Northwest Territories (ˌnɔrθˌwɛstˈtɛrɨtɔriz ( NWT or NT; French, les Territoires du Nord-Ouest) is a territory Examples of administrative divisions English terms In many of the following terms corresponding to British cultural influence areas of relatively low mean population About 40% of Sakha lies above the Arctic circle and all of it is covered by permafrost which greatly influences the region's ecology and limits forests in the southern region. The Arctic Circle is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth. This article is about frozen ground For other meanings see Permafrost (disambiguation. Arctic and subarctic tundra define the middle region, where lichen and moss grow as great green carpets and are favorite pastures for reindeer. In physical Geography, tundra is an area where the Tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons In the southern part of the tundra belt, scattered stands of dwarf Siberian pine and larch grow along the rivers. The Siberian Pine ( Pinus sibirica; family Pinaceae) is a species of Pine tree that occurs in Siberia from 58°E in the Ural Larches are Conifers in the genus Larix, in the family Pinaceae. Below the tundra is the vast taiga forest region. Taiga (ˈtaɪgə from Turkic or Mongolian) is a Biome characterized by Coniferous forests Larch trees dominate in the north and stands of fir and pine begin to appear in the south. Firs ( Abies) are a genus of between 45-55 species of Evergreen conifers in the family Pinaceae. This article is about the tree For other uses of the term "pine" see Pine (disambiguation. Taiga forests cover about 47% of Sakha and almost 90% of this cover is larch.

Time zones

Detailed map of the three timezones in the Sakha Republic.
Detailed map of the three timezones in the Sakha Republic.

Sakha spans three different time zones:

  1. Yakutsk Time Zone (YAKT/YAKST). UTC offset is +0900 (YAKT)/+1000 (YAKST). Covers the republic's territory to the west of the Lena River as well as the territories of uluses located on the both sides of the Lena River. An ulus (улу́с улуус is a type of an administrative-territorial unit in two of the republics of Russia.
  2. Vladivostok Time Zone (VLAT/VLAST). UTC offset is +1000 (VLAT)/+1100 (VLAST). Covers most of the republic's territory located between 127°E and 140°E longitude. Longitude (ˈlɒndʒɪˌtjuːd or ˈlɒŋgɪˌtjuːd symbolized by the Greek character Lambda (λ is the east-west Geographic coordinate measurement
  3. Magadan Time Zone (MAGT/MAGST). Magadan Time is one of the three time zones that make up the Sakha Republic. UTC offset is +1100 (MAGT)/+1200 (MAGST). Covers most of the republic's territory located east of 140°E longitude.

Rivers

Amga River
Amga River

Navigable Lena River (4,310 km), as it moves northward, includes hundreds of small tributaries located in the Verkhoyansk Range. Amga River (Амга is a River in Sakha (Yakutia, Russia. It is the biggest Tributary of the Aldan River. A tributary is a Stream or River which flows into a mainstem (or parent river The Verkhoyansk Range (Верхоянский хребет is a Mountain range of eastern Siberia, spanning ca Other major rivers include:

Lakes

There are over 700 lakes in the republic. The Vilyuy River (Вилюй (or Vilyui River is the longest Tributary of the Lena River in eastern Siberia. The Olenyok River (Оленёк sometimes spelled Olenek) is a major River in northern Siberian Russia. The Aldan River (Алдан is the second-longest Tributary of the Lena River in eastern Siberia. The Kolyma River (Колыма́ is a river in northeastern Siberia, whose basin covers parts of the Sakha Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and Indigirka River (Индиги́рка is a River in the Sakha Republic in Russia. The Alazeya River (Алазея is a river in the northeastern part of Yakutia, Russia crossing through the tundra Amga River (Амга is a River in Sakha (Yakutia, Russia. It is the biggest Tributary of the Aldan River. The Olyokma River (Олёкма is a Tributary of the Lena in eastern Siberia. Tyung River (Тюнг is a river in Yakutia, Russia. It is a left Tributary of the Vilyuy ( Lena 's basin Maya River (Майя or Мая is a River in Khabarovsk Krai and Sakha, Russia. The Anabar River (Анабар is a River in Sakha, Russia, located just west of the Lena River. Yana River (Яна is a River in Sakha in Russia, located between the Lena to the west and the Indigirka to the east Uchur River (Учур is a river in Khabarovsk Krai and Yakutia in Russia, a right tributary of the Aldan River ( Lena 's basin Nyuya River (Нюя is a river in Sakha, Russia. It is a left Tributary of the Lena. Major lakes and reservoirs include:

Mountains

Sakha's greatest mountain range, the Verkhoyansk Range, runs parallel and east of the Lena River, forming a great arc that begins the Sea of Okhotsk and ends in the Laptev Sea. The Verkhoyansk Range (Верхоянский хребет is a Mountain range of eastern Siberia, spanning ca The Sea of Okhotsk ( Russian: Охо́тское мо́ре English Transliteration: Okhotskoye More) is a part of the western Pacific Ocean,

The Chersky Range runs east of the Verkhoyansk Range and has the highest peak in Sakha, Peak Pobeda (3,003 m). The Chersky Range is a chain of Mountains in northeastern Siberia. Recent satellite photos, however, revealed that Peak Mus-Khaya may in fact be a higher point, reaching 3,011 m.

The Stanovoi Range borders Sakha in the south. Stanovoy Range (Станово́й хребе́т Chinese: 外兴安岭 or Outer Khingan Range, also spelled as Stanovoy Range, is a Mountain

Udachnaya pipe
Udachnaya pipe

Natural resources

Sakha is well endowed with raw materials. Udachnaya pipe (тру́бка Уда́чная literally lucky pipe) is a Diamond deposit in the Daldyn-Alakit Kimberlite field in Sakha The soil contains large reserves of oil, gas, coal, diamonds, gold, silver, tin, wolfram and many others. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter In Mineralogy, diamond is the allotrope of carbon where the carbon atoms are arranged in Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 99% of all Russian diamonds are mined in Sakha, accounting for over 25% of the world's diamond production.

Climate

Sakha is known for its climate extremes, with the Verkhoyansk Range being the coldest area in the northern hemisphere. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of The Northern Hemisphere's Pole of Cold is at Verkhoyansk, where the temperatures reached as low as −67. Northern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is North of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' The Poles of Cold are the places in the Northern and Southern hemispheres where the lowest air temperatures were recorded Verkhoyansk (Верхоя́нск is a town in the Sakha Republic, Russia, situated on the Yana River, near the Arctic Circle 8°C in 1892, and at Oymyakon, where the temperatures reached as low as −67. Oymyakon (Оймяко́н is a village ( selo) in Oymyakonsky Ulus of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located along the 7°C in 1933.

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Sakha

Demographics

The official languages are both Russian and Sakha, also known as Yakut, which is spoken by approximately 25% of the population. Sakha, or Yakut, is a Turkic language with around 460000 speakers spoken in the Sakha Republic in the Russian Federation by the Sakha The Yakut language is Turkic with Mongolian influence and some borrowings from Sakha's Paleosiberian indigenous peoples. The Turkic languages constitute a Language family of some thirty languages spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the The Mongolian language (mn [[ImageMonggol kelesvg 17px]] Mongɣol kele, Cyrillic: Монгол хэл Mongol khel) is the best-known member of Paleosiberian (Palaeosiberian Paleo-Siberian languages or Paleoasian languages (Palaeo-Asiatic (from Greek palaios, "ancient"is a term of convenience

Breakdown of population changes, 1939–2002
Breakdown of population changes, 1939–2002
census 1939 census 1959 census 1970 census 1979 census 1989 census 2002
Yakuts 233,273 (56. Yakuts, self-designation Sakha, are a Turkic -speaking people associated with the Sakha (Yakutia Republic. 5%) 226,053 (46. 4%) 285,749 (43. 0%) 313,917 (36. 9%) 365,236 (33. 4%) 432,290 (45. 5%)
Dolgans 10 (0. Dolgans (долганы self-designation долган тыа-кихи саха are a Turkic -speaking people who mostly inhabit Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia 0%) 64 (0. 0%) 408 (0. 0%) 1,272 (0. 1%)
Evenks 10,432 (2. The Evenks or Evenki (autonym Эвэнкил Evenkil; Эвенки Evenki; 鄂温克族 pny ''Èwēnkè Zú'' formerly known as Tungus 5%) 9,505 (2. 0%) 9,097 (1. 4%) 11,584 (1. 4%) 14,428 (1. 3%) 18,232 (1. 9%)
Evens 3,133 (0. The Evens or Eveny (formerly known as the Lamuts a term meaning "ocean people" in Even ( Эвены in Russian) are a people in 8%) 3,537 (0. 7%) 6,471 (1. 0%) 5,763 (0. 7%) 8,668 (0. 8%) 11,657 (1. 2%)
Yukaghir 267 (0. The Yukaghir, or Yukagirs (юкаги́ры self-designation одул ( odul) деткиль ( detkil) are a people in East Siberia, living 1%) 285 (0. 1%) 400 (0. 1%) 526 (0. 1%) 697 (0. 1%) 1,097 (0. 1%)
Chukchis 400 (0. Chukchi, or Chukchee (чукчи ( plural) ru чукча ( singular) are an Indigenous people inhabiting the Chukchi Peninsula 1%) 325 (0. 1%) 387 (0. 1%) 377 (0. 0%) 473 (0. 0%) 602 (0. 1%)
Russians 146,741 (35. The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries 5%) 215,328 (44. 2%) 314,308 (47. 3%) 429,588 (50. 4%) 550,263 (50. 3%) 390,671 (41. 2%)
Ukrainians 4,229 (1. Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens 0%) 12,182 (2. 5%) 20,253 (3. 0%) 46,326 (5. 4%) 77,114 (7. 0%) 34,633 (3. 6%)
Others 14,723 (3. 6%) 20,128 (4. 1%) 27,448 (4. 1%) 43,695 (5. 1%) 76,778 (7. 0%) 58,826 (6. 2%)

Vital Statistics for 2007: Source

Birth Rate: 15. TFR by Federal Subjects This is a list of values of total fertility rates by federal subjects of Russia TFR by Ethnic Groups 88 per 1000

Death Rate: 9. 68 per 1000

Net Immigration: -5. 7 per 1000

NGR: +0. 62% per Year

PGR: +0. 06% per Year

History

The Sakha arrived relatively recently in 13th century to their current geographical area from Central Asia. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south They are heterogeneous of Turkic origin. The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family They conquered the indigenous hunter-gatherer tribes and began to call themselves "Sakha", the origin of which is not clear, therefore much debated. A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild Foraging and Hunting [2]

The Evenki referred to the Sakha as "Yako" and this term was adopted by the Russians when they began arriving in the region in the early 17th century. The Evenks or Evenki (autonym Эвэнкил Evenkil; Эвенки Evenki; 鄂温克族 pny ''Èwēnkè Zú'' formerly known as Tungus The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Tygyn, a king of the Khangalassky Yakuts, granted territory for Russian settlement in return for military pact that included war against indigenous rebels of all North Eastern Asia (Magadan, Chukotka, Kamchatka and Sakhalin). King of Megino-Khangalassky Yakuts, Kull began a Sakha conspiracy by allowing the first stockade construction. In August of 1638, the Moscow Government formed a new administrative unit with the administrative center of Lensky Ostrog, which cemented the town's his relative Tygyn to enter into tricky pact with Russians in plan to conquer all of North Eastern Asia in centuries to come. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The Lensky Ostrog (Fort Lensky), the future city of Yakutsk, was founded by Pyotr Beketov, a Cossack, on September 25, 1632 (the date of ascendancy in the territory. Pyotr Beketov (Пётр Иванович Бекетов born сirca 1600 - died circa 1661) was a prominent Cossack explorer of Siberia and The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France

Monument to post-WWII Lithuanian deportees in Yakutia near former MGB headquarters in Vilnius
Monument to post-WWII Lithuanian deportees in Yakutia near former MGB headquarters in Vilnius

The date of arrival and the origin of the Russian settlers at the extremely remote Russkoye Ustye in the Indigirka delta, whose later residents were known for their archaic culture, remains somewhat enigmatic. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Russkoye Ustye (Русское Устье also transcribed Russkoe Ustye) is a Village in the Indigirka River (Индиги́рка is a River in the Sakha Republic in Russia. A delta is a Landform where the mouth of a River flows into an Ocean, Sea, Estuary, Lake or another river Most historians speculate that it took place some time in the 17th century as well. [3]

Russians established agriculture in the Lena River basin. The members of religious groups who were exiled to Sakha in the second half of the 19th century began to grow wheat, oats, and potatoes. Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. Oats redirects here It may mean either the common cereal oat discussed here or any cultivated or wild species of the Genus Avena. The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae The fur trade established a cash economy. The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal Fur. Industry and transport began to develop at the end of the 19th century and in the beginning of the Soviet period. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 This was also the beginning of geological prospecting, mining, and local lead production. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly The first steam-powered ships and barges arrived.

On April 27, 1922 the former "Yakutskaya land" was proclaimed the Yakut ASSR, although in fact the eastern part of the territory, including the city of Yakutsk, was controlled by the White Russians (see Yakut Revolt). Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The White movement (Beloie Dvijenie Белое движение whose military arm is known as the White Army (Belaia Armia Белая Армия or White Guard The Yakut Revolt (Russian Якутский мятеж or the Yakut Expedition (Russian Якутский поход was the last episode of the Russian Civil War In 1992, after the fall of the Soviet Union, Yakutia was recognized in Moscow as the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation.

Politics

The head of government in Sakha is the President. The first President of Sakha was Mikhail Yefimovich Nikolayev. As of 2007, the president is Vyacheslav Anatolyevich Shtyrov, who was elected on January 27, 2002. Vyacheslav Anatolyevich Shtyrov (Вячеслав Анатольевич Штыров (born May 23, 1953) is the president of the Russian republic Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.

The supreme legislative body of state authority in Sakha is a unicameral State Assembly known as the Il Tumen. The government of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic is the executive body of state authority.

Economy

Industry generates slightly above 50% of the gross national product of Sakha, stemming primarily from mineral exploitation. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific Industrial enterprises are concentrated in the capital Yakutsk, as well as in Aldan, Mirny, Neryungri, Pokrovsk, and Udachny. Aldan (Алда́н is a town in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It was founded in 1923 as Nezametny. Mirny (Ми́рный lit peaceful) is a town in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located west of Yakutsk on the Irelyakh Neryungri (Не́рюнгри is a town in the Sakha Republic, Russia. Pokrovsk (Покро́вск is a town in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located south-west of Yakutsk on the Lena River. Udachny (Уда́чный is a town in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 1370 km north-west of Yakutsk on the Markha River The diamond, gold and tin ore mining industries are the major focus of the economy. Uranium ore is beginning to be mined. Turkic-language Sakha are in politics, government, finance, economy and cattle-breeding (horses and cows for milk and meat). The Paleoasian indigenous peoples are hunters, fishermen, and reindeer herders.

Transportation

Water transport ranks first for cargo turnover. There are six river ports, two sea ports (Tiksi and Zelyony Mys). Tiksi (Тикси is a Port settlement in Bulunsky Ulus of the Sakha Republic, Russia, situated on the Arctic Ocean Four shipping companies, including the Arctic Sea Shipping Company, operate in the republic. The republic's main waterway is the Lena River, which links Yakutsk with the rail station of Ust-Kut in Irkutsk Oblast. Yakutsk (Яку́тск Дьокуускай) is a city in the Russian Far East, located about 4° (450 kilometres Ust-Kut (Усть-Кут is a town in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, situated on the river Lena. Irkutsk Oblast (Ирку́тская о́бласть Irkutskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) located in south-eastern

Air transport is the most important for transporting people. Airlines connect the republic with most regions of Russia. Yakutsk Airport has an international terminal. Yakutsk Airport ( Russian: Аэропо́рт Яку́тск) is an Airport in Yakutsk, Russia.

Two federal roads pass the republic. They are Yakutsk–Bolshoy Never and Yakutsk–Magadan. Magadan (Магада́н is a Port town on the Sea of Okhotsk and gateway to the Kolyma region However, due to the presence of permafrost, use of asphalt is not practical, and therefore the roads are made of clay. When heavy rains blow over the region, the roads often turn to mud, sometimes stranding hundreds of travellers in the process. [4]

The Berkakit–Tommot railroad is currently in operation. Tommot (Томмот is a town in the Sakha Republic, Russia founded in 1923 It links the Baikal Amur Mainline with the industrial centers in South Yakutia. The Baikal-Amur Mainline ( Russian Байкало-Амурская Магистраль Baikalo-Amurskaya Magistral’, BAM) is a Railway line Construction of the Amur-Yakutian Railway (Амуро-Якутская магистраль) continues northward; the plans are for it to reach Yakutsk by 2012.

Education

The most important facilities of higher education include Yakutsk State University and Yakutsk State Agricultural Academy. Yakutsk State University, also known as Sakha State University, is a school for higher learning in Yakutsk, Siberia.

Religion

Before the arrival of the Russian Empire, the majority of the population believed in Tengrianism common to Turkic-language people of Central Asia, or in Paleoasian indigenous shamanism with both 'light' (community leading) and 'dark' (healing through spirit journey) shamans. Tengriism ( Tengerism, Tengrianism, Tengrianizm, Tengricilik) was the major belief of the Mongols and Turkic peoples before Under the Russians, the population was putatively converted to the Russian Orthodox Church and required to take Orthodox Christian names, but in practice generally continued to follow traditional religions. See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure During the Soviet era, most or all of the shamans died without successors. Currently there is interest and activity toward renewing the traditional religions.

See also

References

  1. ^ (2002). The Sakha Republic is a part of Russia in Asia. Its most distinctive national instrument is the khomus, a Lamellophone Lake Khaiyr is a remote volcanic Lake situated in the Yakutia region of Eastern Siberia. "National Composition of Population for Regions of the Russian Federation" (XLS). . 2002 Russian All-Population Census Retrieved on 2006-07-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold
  2. ^ Scott Polar Research Institute — Republic of Sakha
  3. ^ А. И. Гоголев. "ИСТОРИЯ ЯКУТИИ: (Обзор исторических событий до начала ХХ в. )". (A. I. Gogolev. History of Yakutia: Review of Historical Events to the beginning of the 20th century) Yakutsk, 1999. (Russian)
  4. ^ EnglishRussia. com - Russian Roads

External links

Dictionary

Sakha Republic

-proper noun

  1. A statoid in Siberia; formerly Yakutia
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