Three types of mariners are seen here in the wheelhouse: a master, an able seaman, and a harbour pilot. The bridge of a Ship is an area or room from which the ship can be commanded Captain is the traditional customary title given to the person in charge in command of a Ship at sea See also Seafarer's professions and ranks An Able Seaman (AB is an unlicensed member of the Deck department of a Merchant ship. A pilot is a Mariner who guides Ships through dangerous or congested waters such as Harbours or River mouths Legally the master remains

A sailor or mariner is a person who navigates water-borne vessels or assists in their operation, maintenance, or service. A ship /ʃɪp/ is a large vessel that floats on water Ships are generally distinguished from Boats based on size The term can apply to professional mariners, military personnel, and recreational sailors as well as a plethora of other uses. Etymologically, the name preserves the memory of the time when ships were commonly powered by sails, but applies to the personnel of all vessels, whatever their mode of locomotion. A sail is any type of surface intended to generate Thrust by being placed in a Wind &mdashin essence a vertically-oriented Wing.

Professional mariners hold a variety of professions and ranks which are fairly standard, with the exception of slight naming differences around the world. Common categories by department include the Deck department, the Engineering department, and the Steward's department. The Deck Department is an organizational unit aboard naval and merchant ships Marine Engineers are the members of a ship's crew that operate and maintain the propulsion and other systems on board the vessel See also Ship transport Seafarers hold a variety of professions and ranks, and each of these roles carries unique responsibilities which are integral to the Mariners can also be categorized by status as a senior licensed mariners or unlicensed mariners. A licensed mariner is a person who holds a license issued by one or more countries to hold senior positions aboard ships boats and similar vessels

A number of professional mariners have left the industry and lead noteworthy lives in the naval services or on the shore. For example, Traian Băsescu, started his career as a third mate in 1976 and is now the President of Romania. Traian Băsescu (born November 4 1951) is a Romanian politician and former Merchant Navy officer See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A Third Mate (3/M or Third Officer is a licensed member of the Deck department of Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Arthur Phillip joined the Merchant Navy in 1751 and 37 years later founded Sydney, Australia. Admiral Arthur Phillip RN (11 October 1738 &ndash 31 August 1814 was a British naval Admiraland colonial administrator Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Merchant mariner Douglass North went from seaman to navigator to win the 1993 Nobel Prize in Economics. Douglass Cecil North (born November 5, 1920) was the co-recipient (with Robert William Fogel) of the 1993 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences

Professional mariners

Seafarers hold a variety of professions and ranks, each of which carry unique responsibilities which are integral to the successful operation of an ocean-going vessel. A ship's crew can generally be divided into four main categories: the deck department, the engineering department, the steward's department, and other.

Deck department

For more details on this topic, see Deck department. The Deck Department is an organizational unit aboard naval and merchant ships

An able seaman stands iceberg lookout on the bow of the freighter USNS Southern Cross during a re-supply mission to McMurdo Station, Antarctica; circa 1981. McMurdo Station is an American Antarctic research center located on the southern tip of Ross Island on the shore of McMurdo Sound, 2200

Officer positions in the deck department include but are not limited to: Master and his Chief, Second, and Third officers. The Deck Department is an organizational unit aboard naval and merchant ships Captain is the traditional customary title given to the person in charge in command of a Ship at sea See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A Chief Mate (C/M or Chief Officer, usually also synonymous (except on Passenger liners which See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A Second Mate (2/M or Second Officer is a licensed member of the Deck department See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A Third Mate (3/M or Third Officer is a licensed member of the Deck department of The official classifications for unlicensed members of the deck department are Able Seaman and Ordinary Seaman. See also Seafarer's professions and ranks An Able Seaman (AB is an unlicensed member of the Deck department of a Merchant ship. See also Seafarer's professions and ranks An Ordinary Seaman (OS is an unlicensed member of the Deck department of a Merchant ship.

A common deck crew for a ship includes:

• (1) Chief Officer/Chief Mate
• (1) Second Officer /Second Mate
• (1) Third Officer / Third Mate
• (1) Boatswain
• (2-6) Able Seamen
• (0-2) Ordinary Seamen

Engineering department

For more details on this topic, see Engineering department. See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A Chief Mate (C/M or Chief Officer, usually also synonymous (except on Passenger liners which See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A Second Mate (2/M or Second Officer is a licensed member of the Deck department See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A Third Mate (3/M or Third Officer is a licensed member of the Deck department of A boatswain or bosun /ˈbosn̩/ is an unlicensed member of the Deck department of a Merchant ship. See also Seafarer's professions and ranks An Able Seaman (AB is an unlicensed member of the Deck department of a Merchant ship. See also Seafarer's professions and ranks An Ordinary Seaman (OS is an unlicensed member of the Deck department of a Merchant ship. Marine Engineers are the members of a ship's crew that operate and maintain the propulsion and other systems on board the vessel

A ship's engineering department consists of the members of a ship's crew that operates and maintains the propulsion and other systems onboard the vessel. Marine engineering staff also deal with the "hotel" facilities onboard, notably the sewage, lighting, air conditioning and water systems. Sewage is the mainly liquid Waste containing some solids produced by humans which typically consists of washing water Feces, Urine, laundry waste and other The term air conditioning refers to the cooling and dehumidification of indoor air for Thermal comfort. Engineering staff manage bulk fuel transfers and require training in firefighting and first aid. Distinguish from a Firefight, which means a battle with firearms Additional duties include maintaining the ship's boats and performing other nautical tasks. Engineers play a key role in cargo loading/discharging gear and safety systems, though the specific cargo discharge function remains the responsibility of deck officers and deck workers.

A common engineering crew for a ship includes:

• (1) Chief Engineer
• (1) Second Engineer / First Assistant Engineer
• (1) Third Engineer / Second Assistant Engineer
• (1-2) Fourth Engineer / Third Assistant Engineer
• (0-2) Fifth Engineer / Junior Engineer
• (1-3) Oiler (unlicensed qualified rating)
• (0-3) Greaser/s (unlicensed qualified rating)
• (1-5) Entry-level rating (such as Wiper (occupation), Utilityman, etc)

American ships also carry a Qualified Member of the Engine Department. See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A Chief Engineer is a Licensed mariner in charge of the Engineering department on a Merchant vessel See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A First Assistant Engineer (also called the Second Engineer in some countries is a licensed member of See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A Second Assistant Engineer or Third Engineer is a licensed member of the Engineering department See also Seafarer's professions and ranks An oiler is an unlicensed member of the Engineering department of a Merchant ship. See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A wiper is the most junior crewmember in the Engine room of a Ship. See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A Qualified Member of the Engineering Department also known as an Unlicensed Junior Engineer or QMED is Other possible positions include Motorman, Machinist, Electrician, Refrigeration Engineer, and Tankerman. A machinist is a person who uses Machine tools to make or modify parts primarily Metal parts a process known as Machining. An electrician is a Tradesman specializing in electrical wiring of buildings and related equipment

Steward's department

For more details on this topic, see Steward's department. See also Ship transport Seafarers hold a variety of professions and ranks, and each of these roles carries unique responsibilities which are integral to the

A typical Steward's department for a cargo ship is a Chief Steward, a Chief Cook, and a Steward's Assistant. See also Ship transport Seafarers hold a variety of professions and ranks, and each of these roles carries unique responsibilities which are integral to the See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A Chief Steward is the senior unlicensed crew member working in the Steward's Department of a ship See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A Chief Cook (often shortened to Cook is a senior unlicensed crewmember working in the Steward's department of a See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A Steward's Assistant ( SA) is an unlicensed entry-level crewmember in the Steward's Department All three positions are typically filled by unlicensed personnel.

The chief steward directs, instructs, and assigns personnel performing such functions as preparing and serving meals; cleaning and maintaining officers' quarters and steward department areas; and receiving, issuing, and inventorying stores.

The chief steward also plans menus; compiles supply, overtime, and cost control records. The steward may requisition or purchase stores and equipment. Galley roles may include baking.

A chief steward's duties may overlap with those of the Steward's Assistant, the Chief Cook, and other Steward's Department crewmembers. See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A Steward's Assistant ( SA) is an unlicensed entry-level crewmember in the Steward's Department See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A Chief Cook (often shortened to Cook is a senior unlicensed crewmember working in the Steward's department of a

A person has to have a Merchant Mariner's Document issued by the United States Coast Guard in the United States Merchant Marine in order to serve as a chief steward. Countries with a Merchant Navy or Merchant Marine require identifying credentials for their mariners Overview The merchant marine is a civilian auxiliary of the U All chief cooks who sail internationally are similarly documented by their respective countries because of international conventions and agreements.

Other departments

For more details on this topic, see Seafarer's professions and ranks#Other. See also Ship transport Seafarers hold a variety of professions and ranks, and each of these roles carries unique responsibilities which are integral to the

Various types of staff officer positions may exist on board a ship, including Junior Assistant Purser, Senior Assistant Purser, Purser, Chief Purser, Medical Doctor, Professional Nurse, Marine Physician Assistant, and Hospital Corpsman. A ship's purser (also purser or pusser) is the person on a Ship responsible for the handling of Money on board Doctor of Medicine ( MD or MD, from the Latin Medicinæ Doctor meaning "Teacher of Medicine" is a doctoral A nurse is responsible—along with other Health care Professionals —for the treatment safety and recovery of acutely or chronically Hospital Corpsman (HM is a rating in the United States Navy and a member of the Navy's Hospital Corps These jobs are considered administrative positions and are therefore regulated by Certificates of Registry issued by the United States Coast Guard. Pilots are also merchant marine officers and are licensed by the Coast Guard. A pilot is a Mariner who guides Ships through dangerous or congested waters such as Harbours or River mouths Legally the master remains

Working conditions

Mariners spend extended periods at sea. See also Watchstanding A watch system watch schedule or watch bill is a method of assigning regular periods of work duty aboard ships and some other Most deep-sea mariners are hired for one or more voyages that last for several months. There is no job security after that. The length of time between voyages varies by job availability and personal preference. ^[1]

The rate of unionization for these workers in the United States is about 36 percent, much higher than the average for all occupations. Consequently, merchant marine officers and seamen, both veterans and beginners, are hired for voyages through union hiring halls or directly by shipping companies. Hiring halls fill jobs by the length of time the person has been registered at the hall and by their union seniority. Hiring halls typically are found in major seaports.

At sea, on larger vessels mariners usually stand watch for 4 hours and are off for 8 hours, 7 days a week. ^[2]

Mariners work in all weather conditions. Working in damp and cold conditions often is inevitable, although ships try to avoid severe storms while at sea. It is uncommon for modern vessels to suffer disasters such as fire, explosion, or a sinking. Yet workers face the possibility of having to abandon ship on short notice if it collides with other vessels or runs aground. Mariners also risk injury or death from falling overboard and from hazards associated with working with machinery, heavy loads, and dangerous cargo. However, modern safety management procedures, advanced emergency communications, and effective international rescue systems place modern mariners in a much safer position.

Most newer vessels are air conditioned, soundproofed from noisy machinery, and equipped with comfortable living quarters. These amenities have helped ease the sometimes difficult circumstances of long periods away from home. Also, modern communications, especially email, link modern mariners to their families. Nevertheless, some mariners dislike the long periods away from home and the confinement aboard ship. They consequently leave the profession.

Life at sea

The tanker SS Overseas Alice takes seas over the bow during a 1981 run from New Orleans to Panama.

Professional mariners live on the margins of society, with much of their life spent beyond the reach of land. They face cramped, stark, noisy, and sometimes dangerous conditions at sea. Yet men and women still go to sea. For some, the attraction is a life unencumbered with the restraints of life ashore. Sea-going adventure and a chance to see the world also appeal to many seafarers. Whatever the calling, those who live and work at sea invariably confront social isolation.

Findings by the Seafarer's International Research Center indicate a leading cause of mariners leaving the industry is "almost invariably because they want to be with their families. " U. S. merchant ships typically do not allow family members to accompany seafarers on voyages. Industry experts increasingly recognize isolation, stress, and fatigue as occupational hazards. Advocacy groups such as International Labor Organization, a United Nations agency, and the Nautical Institute seek improved international standards for mariners.

One’s service aboard ships typically extends for months at a time, followed by protracted shore leave. However, some seamen secure jobs on ships they like and stay aboard for years. In rare cases, veteran mariners choose never to go ashore when in port.

Further, the quick turnaround of many modern ships, spending only a matter of hours in port, limits a seafarer's free-time ashore. Moreover, some seafarers entering U. S. ports from a watch list of 25 countries deemed high-risk face restrictions on shore leave due to security concerns in a post 9/11 environment. However, shore leave restrictions while in U. S. ports impact American seamen as well. For example, the International Organization of Masters, Mates & Pilots notes a trend of U. Template talkInfobox Union for usage -->The International Organization of Masters Mates & Pilots or MM&P is a S. shipping terminal operators restricting seamen from traveling from the ship to the terminal gate. Further, in cases where transit is allowed, special "security fees" are at times assessed.

Such restrictions on shore leave coupled with reduced time in port by many ships translate into longer periods at sea. Mariners report that extended periods at sea living and working with shipmates who for the most part are strangers takes getting used to. At the same time, there is an opportunity to meet people from a wide range of ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Recreational opportunities have improved aboard some U. S. ships, which may feature gyms and day rooms for watching movies, swapping sea stories, and other activities. And in some cases, especially tankers, it is made possible for a mariner to be accompanied by members of his family. However, a mariner’s off duty time at sea is largely a solitary affair, pursuing hobbies, reading, writing letters, and sleeping.

Notable mariners

Further information: List of notable mariners

Merchant seamen have gone on to make their mark on the world in a number of interesting ways. This list of Sailors includes any seagoing person who does not qualify for the List of naval commanders and/or List of sea captains. Traian Băsescu, who started his career as a third mate in 1976 is now the President of Romania. Traian Băsescu (born November 4 1951) is a Romanian politician and former Merchant Navy officer See also Seafarer's professions and ranks A Third Mate (3/M or Third Officer is a licensed member of the Deck department of Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Arthur Phillip joined the Merchant Navy in 1751 and 37 years later founded the city of Sydney, Australia. Admiral Arthur Phillip RN (11 October 1738 &ndash 31 August 1814 was a British naval Admiraland colonial administrator Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Merchant mariner Douglass North went from seaman to navigator to winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Economics. Douglass Cecil North (born November 5, 1920) was the co-recipient (with Robert William Fogel) of the 1993 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences Jimmy Carter went on to become the 39th President of the United States after service in the US Navy. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002

Members of the British Merchant Navy have won the Distinguished Service Cross, and have had careers taking them from 'Deck Boy Peter' to Air Marshal Sir Beresford Peter Torrington Horsley KCB, CBE, LVO, AFC. Captain Kingsmill Bates ( November 3 1916 - May 6 2006) was a British sailor who made repairs to the radar for the battleship Air Marshal Sir Beresford Peter Torrington Horsley KCB, CBE, LVO, AFC ( 26 March, 1921 &ndash 20 December Canadian merchant seamen have won the Victoria Cross and the Medal of Honor. Philip Eric Bent VC, DSO ( January 3, 1891 - October 1, 1917) was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Charles Andrew MacGillivary (January 17 1917 - June 24 2000 was a Medal of Honor recipient born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada American merchant seamen have won the Medal of Honor in the Korean War and Vietnam War, and one went on to become the "Father of the American Navy." One doesn't have to look far to find merchant seamen who became war heroes in Scotland, France, New Zealand, Peru, or Denmark. George H O’Brien Jr (September 10 1926 &ndash March 11 2005 was a United States Marine Corps officer who was awarded the Medal of Honor, the United States Sergeant First Class Lawrence Joel ( February 22, 1928 &ndash February 4, 1984) was a United States military Veteran John Paul Jones ( &ndash) was America's first well-known naval hero in the American Revolutionary War. For the Canadian radio comedian see Dave Broadfoot. David Broadfoot GC ( 21 July 1899 - 31 January Baron Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin ( October 13 1768 – April 23 1839) was a Rear admiral of the French navy and later William Sanders may refer to William Sanders (writer (born 1942 William Sanders (statistician William Sanders (businessman Miguel María Grau Seminario (b Paita, Peru, 27 July 1834 - d Kim Malthe-Bruun was born in Fort Saskatchewan, Canada in July 1923

Since World War II, a number of merchant seamen have become notorious criminals. American William Colepaugh was convicted as a Nazi spy in World War II and Fritz Sauckel was convicted as a Nazi war criminal. William Curtis Colepaugh ( March 25, 1918 - March 16, 2005) was an American who following his 1943 discharge from the US Naval Ernst Friedrich Christoph "Fritz" Sauckel ( October 27, 1894 – October 16, 1946) was a Nazi War criminal, who organized Briton Duncan Scott-Ford was hanged for treachery in World War II. Duncan Alexander Croall Scott-Ford ( September 4, 1921 &ndash November 3, 1942) was a British merchant seaman who was George Hennard was an American mass murderer who claimed 24 victims on a rampage at Luby's Cafeteria in Killeen, Texas. The Luby's massacre was a Mass murder that took place on October 16, 1991, in Killeen, Texas, United States when Killeen is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. The population was 112434 at the 2000 census. And Perry Smith's own murderous rampage was made famous in Truman Capote's non-fiction novel In Cold Blood.

Mariners are well represented in the visual arts. Perry Edward Smith ( October 27 1928 – April 14 1965) was one of two ex-convicts who murdered four members of the Clutter family in Holcomb Truman Capote (ˈtruːmən kəˈpoʊti ( 30 September, 1924, New Orleans Louisiana – 25 August, 1984, Los Angeles In Cold Blood is a 1966 book by American author Truman Capote. French pilot's assistant Paul Gauguin would later become a leading post-impressionist painter and pioneered modern art's synthetist style. Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903 was a leading Post-Impressionist painter. American seaman Haskell Wexler later won two Academy Awards, the latter for a biography of his shipmate Woody Guthrie. Haskell Wexler, ASC (born February 6, 1922 in Chicago Illinois) is an Academy Award -winning American Cinematographer "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Woodrow Wilson "Woody" Guthrie (July 14 1912–October 3 1967 was an American Singer-songwriter and Folk musician Guthrie's musical legacy British Merchant Navy member Ken Russell later directed films such as Tommy, Altered States, and The Lair of the White Worm. Henry Kenneth Alfred Russell, known as Ken Russell (born 3 July 1927 is an English Film director. Altered States is a 1980 Science fiction Film adaptation of a novel by the same name by playwright and screenwriter Paddy Chayefsky The Lair of the White Worm is a 1988 film based on the novel by Bram Stoker. Merchant seaman Johnny Craig was already a working comic book artist before he joined up, but Ernie Schroeder wouldn't start drawing comics until after returning home from World War II. Jonathan T "Johnny" Craig (born April 25 1926, Pleasantville New York; died September 13, 2001) a Ernest C "Ernie" Schroeder ( January 9, 1916 – September 20, 2006) was an American Comic book artist and World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Merchant sailors have also made a splash in the world of sport. In football, with Fred Blackburn in England and the likes of Dan Devine and Heisman Trophy winner Frank Sinkwich in the U. Fred Blackburn (born 1879 in Blackburn, Lancashire) was an English footballer. Dan Devine ( December 22, 1924 - May 9, 2002) was a football coach who served as head coach at three colleges and also served Francis "Frank" Sinkwich ( October 10, 1920 &ndash October 22, 1990) won the 1942 Heisman Trophy as a player for the S. In track and field, American seamen Cornelius Cooper Johnson and Jim Thorpe both won Olympic medals, though Thorpe didn't get his until 30 years after his death. Cornelius Cooper Johnson (August 28 1913 &ndash February 15 1946 was an African-American athlete in the High jump. Jacobus Franciscus "Jim" Thorpe ( Sac and Fox (Sauk: Wa-Tho-Huk) (28 May 1888 – 28 March 1953 was an American athlete Seamen Jim Bagby, Jr. and Charlie Keller went on to Major League Baseball. James Charles Jacob Bagby Jr ( September 8, 1916 - September 2, 1988) was a Starting pitcher in Major League Baseball Charles Ernest (Charlie Keller ( September 12, 1916 - May 23, 1990) "Charlie King Kong Keller" was a Left fielder in Drew Bundini Brown was Muhammad Ali's assistant trainer and cornerman, and Joe Gold went on to make his fortune as the bodybuilding and fitness guru of Gold's Gym. Drew Bundini Brown ( March 21, 1928 - September 24, 1987) was an assistant Trainer and Cornerman of Muhammad Ali Joe Gold (born Sydney Gold March 10, 1922 in Boyle Heights Los Angeles California, died - July 11, 2004 in Marina del Rey Gold's Gym International Inc is an international chain of co-ed fitness centers (commonly referred to as " Gyms quot originally started in California by

Other sporting notables include Edwin Stratton the founder of Yoshinkan UK, Dutchman Henk de Velde known for sailing solo around the world, and Briton Matthew Webb who was the first person to swim the English Channel without the use of artificial aid. Edwin William James Stratton ( July 17, 1936 &ndash March 9, 2000) was a British Aikido teacher and the founder of Henk de Velde (born 12 January 1949, IJsselmuiden) is a Dutch Seafarer. This article is about the first man to swim the English Channel unaided Matthew Webb.

Irish Merchant Navy member Kevin McClory spent 14 days in a lifeboat and later went on to write the James Bond movies Never Say Never Again and Thunderball. Kevin O'Donovan McClory ( 8 June 1926 - 20 November 2006) was an Irish Screenwriter, producer, and Members of the American Beat Movement Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, Bob Kaufman, and Herbert Huncke were all Merchant Mariners. Irwin Allen Ginsberg (ˈgɪnzbɝg (June 3 1926 &ndash April 5 1997 was an American Poet. Jack Kerouac ( March 12 1922 &ndash October 21 1969) was an American Novelist, Writer, Poet, and Bob Kaufman ( April 18, 1925 &ndash January 12, 1986) born Robert Garnell Kaufman, was an American Beat poet Herbert Huncke ( January 9, 1915 &ndash August 8, 1996) was a Sub-culture Icon, writer homosexual

It's perhaps not surprising that the writers of Moby Dick, The American Practical Navigator, and Two Years Before the Mast were Merchant Mariners. Herman Melville (August 1 1819 &ndash September 28 1891 was an American novelist Short story writer Essayist and poet Nathaniel Bowditch ( March 26, 1773 &ndash March 16 1838) was an early American Mathematician remembered for his work on ocean Richard Henry Dana Jr ( August 1, 1815 - January 6, 1882) was an American Lawyer and Politician, and author It might be surprising that the writers of Borat, A Hard Day's Night, and Cool Hand Luke were. Peter Baynham (born 1963 in Cardiff, Wales) is an Academy Award -nominated screenwriter and a British comedy writer and performer Alun Owen ( November 24 1925 &ndash December 6 1994) was a British Screenwriter, predominantly active in Television Donn Pearce (born 1928 is an American author best known for the novel and screen play Cool Hand Luke.

Seamen always complain about leaving their girl friends ashore, but imagine how James Dougherty felt, leaving his 17-year-old wife Marilyn Monroe on the beach. James Edward Dougherty ( April 12, 1921 in Los Angeles California - August 15, 2005 in San Rafael California) was an Merchant Navy steward Freddie Lennon had a surprise when he returned home to find he had a newborn son. Alfred "Alf" Lennon (14 December 1912 – 1 April 1976 was the Father of English musician John Lennon. That son would later found the musical group The Beatles. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960

A number of U. S. Merchant Mariners from World War II later played well known television characters. The list includes Milburn Drysdale on The Beverly Hillbillies, Archie Bunker on All in the Family, Columbo on Columbo, Jim Rockford on The Rockford Files, Steve McGarret on Hawaii Five-O, Uncle Jesse Duke on The Dukes of Hazzard, and Cheyenne Bodie on Cheyenne. Raymond Thomas Bailey ( May 6, 1904 – April 15, 1980) was an American Actor on the Broadway stage, movies John Carroll O'Connor ( August 2, 1924 &ndash June 21, 2001) was an American Actor, producer and director Peter Michael Falk (born September 16 1927 is a two-time Academy Award -nominated five-time Emmy Award -winning and one-time Golden Globe award -winning James Garner (born April 7 1928 is an American Film and Emmy -award winning Television Actor. John Joseph Patrick Ryan ( December 30, 1920  &ndash January 21, 1998) best known by his Stage name Jack Lord, was Denver Dell Pyle ( May 11, 1920 – December 25, 1997) was an American Film and Television actor Norman Eugene "Clint" Walker (born May 30, 1927) is an American Actor best known for his cowboy role as "Cheyenne Bodie"

Other uses

An ancient term, the word "sailor," has come to mean many things. Sailor may refer to:

• a person who practices the art of controlling the motion of a sailing ship or sailboat, across a body of water,
• anyone from a recruit to an admiral in a navy,
• a person who goes out sailing, boating or yachting,
• an enlisted member of a military naval force,
• anyone on a boat
• a person who is under sail and not on a vessel with motorised power of any kind in the Royal Navy,
• members of the deck department as opposed to members of other departments in the Merchant Navy

See also

• Seafarer's professions and ranks
• Seaman military rank
• The Marine Society
• Merchant Navy
• United States Merchant Marine
• Sailing

External links

• Survey of Water Transport Occupations
• Seafarer Fatigue: The Cardiff Research Programme
• Founded in 1756, The Marine Society is the world's oldest seafarers' charity
• Sailor SeaFolks community
• Sailor at Etymology Online

Notes and references