A sailboat or sailing boat is a boat propelled partly or entirely by sails. A boat is a Watercraft of modest size designed to float or plane on water and provide transport over it A sail is any type of surface intended to generate Thrust by being placed in a Wind &mdashin essence a vertically-oriented Wing. The term covers a variety of boats, larger than small vessels such as sailboards and smaller than sailing ships, but distinctions in size are not strictly defined and what constitutes a sailing ship, sailboat, or a smaller vessel (such as a sailboard) varies by region and culture. Windsurfing is a surface water sport using a windsurf board also commonly called a sailboard usually two to five meters long and powered by a single sail Sailing ship is now used to refer to any large Wind -powered Vessel. Windsurfing is a surface water sport using a windsurf board also commonly called a sailboard usually two to five meters long and powered by a single sail
Apart from size, sailboats may be distinguished by hull configuration (monohull, catamaran, trimaran), keel type (full, fin, wing, centerboard etc. A monohull is a type of boat having only one hull, unlike Multihulled boats which can have two or more individual hulls connected to one another A catamaran (From Tamil 'kattumaram' is a type of Multihulled Boat or Ship consisting of two hulls or vakas joined by some A trimaran is a Multihulled Boat consisting of a main hull ( vaka) and two smaller Outrigger hulls ( amas) attached ), purpose (sport, racing, cruising), number and configuration of masts, and sail plan. Although sailboat terminology has varied across history, many terms now have specific meanings in the context of modern yachting. Yachting is an activity involving boats It may be racing Sailing boats cruising to distant shores or day-sailing along a coast
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Sloop
Today, the most common sailboat is the sloop which features one mast and two sails, a normal mainsail and a foresail. For the military definition of sloop see Sloop-of-war. For the open learning project see SLOOP Project. A mainsail is the most important sail raised from the main (or only mast of a sailing vessel A foresail is one of a few different types of Sail set on the foremost mast ( foremast) of a Sailing vessel: A This simple configuration is very efficient for sailing towards the wind. The mainsail is attached to the mast and the boom, which is a spar capable of swinging across the boat, depending on the direction of the wind. The mast of a sailing ship is a tall vertical or near vertical Spar, or arrangement of Spars which supports the Sails Large ships have several masts In Sailing, a boom is a Spar (pole along the foot (bottom of a Fore and aft rigged Sail, that greatly improves control of the angle Depending on the size and design of the foresail it can be called a jib, genoa, or spinnaker; it is possible but not common for a sloop to carry two foresails from the one forestay at one time (wing on wing). A jib (also spelled jibb) is a triangular Staysail set ahead of the foremost mast of a sailing boat The genoa or jenny was originally referred to as the 'overlapping jib' or the Genoa jib, being named after the city of Genoa as explained below A spinnaker is a special type of Sail that is designed specifically for Sailing off the wind from a reaching course to a downwind i The forestay is a line or cable running from near the top of the mast to a point near the bow. In Bermuda, where a rig design influenced by the Lateen rig appeared on boats and came to be known as the Bermuda rig, a large spinnaker was carried on a spinnaker boom when running down-wind. Ba (officially The Bermuda Islands or The Somers Isles) is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. A lateen (from a la trina, meaning triangular or latin-rig is a triangular Sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast The term Bermuda rig refers to a configuration of mast and Rigging for a type of Sailboat and is also known as a Marconi rig; this is the typical An example of a typical sloop can be seen on the Islander 36. ISLANDER 36 SAILBOATS Although Islander had been an active sailboat manufacturer for many years they unfortunately ceased operations during the recessionary mid 1980's
Fractional Rig Sloop
On a fractional rig sloop the forestay does not run to the top of the mast, rather it connects at some point below. A fractional rig on a sailing vessel consists of a Foresail, such as a Jib or genoa sail, that does not reach all the way to the top of the mast This allows the top of the mast to be raked aft by increasing the tension of the backstay, while arching the middle of the mast forward. Without great explanation, this gives a performance advantage in some conditions by flattening the sails. The big mainsail provides most of the drive, and the small headsail is easier for a short-handed crew to manage.
Cutters
The cutter is similar to a sloop with a single mast and mainsail, but generally carries the mast further aft to allow for the use of two headsails attached to two forestays, the head stay and the inner stay, which carry the jib and staysail respectively. When used in a nautical sense a cutter is a small single-masted vessel Fore-and-aft rigged with two or more Headsails a Bowsprit, and This is rarely considered a racing configuration; however, it gives versatility to cruising boats, especially in high wind conditions, when a small jib can be flown from the inner stay.
Importantly, the traditional and most accurate definition of a true cutter, however, is not in the number of headsails, but rather that the outermost sails are set on stays that are not strictly structural to the rig itself. This in itself is a function of a much more complicated design set, involving mast placement, mast height, rig, boom length and fore-triangle size.
Catboats
A catboat has a single mast mounted fairly forward and does not carry a head sail (jib etc. A catboat (alternate spelling cat boat or a cat-rigged Sailboat, is a Sailing vessel characterized by a single mast carried well forward ( ). Most modern designs have only one sail, the mainsail; however the traditional catboat could carry multiple sails from the gaff rig. The designer of the Catboat is Brian Husband, master sailor of the early 1940's.
Ketches
Ketches are similar to a sloop, but there is a second shorter mast to the stern of the mainmast, but forward of the rudder post. A ketch is a Sailing Craft with two masts: a main mast and a shorter Mizzen mast abaft (rearward of the main mast The second mast is called the mizzen mast and the sail is called the mizzen sail. A ketch can also be cutter-rigged with two headsails.
Yawl
A yawl is similar to a ketch, with the mizzen mast shorter than the main mast but the mizzen mast is carried astern of the rudder post. YAWL (Yet Another Workflow Language is a Workflow language based on the Workflow patterns. Generally the mizzen on a yawl is smaller than the mizzen on a ketch, and is used more for balance than propulsion.
Schooner
A schooner can have two or more masts, the aftermost mast taller or equal to the height of the forward mast(s), distinguishing this design from a ketch or a yawl. A schooner (ˈskuːnɚ is a type of sailing vessel characterized by the use of fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts Schooners were first used by the Top sail schooners are rigged to carry a square sail near the top of their foremast, but generally modern schooners are gaff or marconi rigged.
Hulls
Traditional sailboats are monohulls, but multi-hull catamarans and trimarans are gaining popularity. A hull is the body of a Ship or Boat. It is a central concept in floating vessels as it provides the Buoyancy that keeps the vessel from sinking A monohull is a type of boat having only one hull, unlike Multihulled boats which can have two or more individual hulls connected to one another A multihull is a Ship, vessel craft or boat with more than one hull. A catamaran (From Tamil 'kattumaram' is a type of Multihulled Boat or Ship consisting of two hulls or vakas joined by some A trimaran is a Multihulled Boat consisting of a main hull ( vaka) and two smaller Outrigger hulls ( amas) attached Monohull boats generally rely on ballast for stability, and generally are known as displacement hulls. This stabilizing ballast can be on the order of multiple tons of lead, for a 12m (39 Ft. ) boat. However, it creates two problems; one, that this gives the monohull a tremendous inertia, making it less maneuverable and reducing its acceleration. Secondly, if the boat ever fills with water, it will sink immediately, without question.
- Handbook of offshore cruising: The Dream and Reality of Modern Ocean Cruising (English). “. . . the weight of a multihull, of this length, is probably not much more than half the weight of a monohull of the same length and it can be sailed with less crew effort. ”
Multihulls rely on the geometry and the broad stance of the multiple hulls, for their stability, eschewing any form of ballast. A multihull is a Ship, vessel craft or boat with more than one hull. Indeed, multihulls are designed to be as light-weight as possible, yet maintain structural integrity. They are also built with foam-filled flotation chambers and most modern commercial trimarans are rated as unsinkable, meaning that, should every crew compartment be completely filled with water, the hull itself has sufficient buoyancy to remain afloat. This can only occur in the absence of ballast.
This absence, of ballast, also results in some very real performance gains, in terms of acceleration, top speed, and maneuverability.
- The lack of ballast makes it much easier to get a multihull on plane, reducing its wetted surface area and thus its drag.
- Compared to a monohull, acceleration to top speed is near-instantaneous.
- Reduced overall weight means a reduced draft, with a much reduced underwater profile. This, in turn, results directly in reduced wetted surface area and drag, yielding higher top speeds.
- Without a ballast keel multihulls can go, in shallow waters, where monohulls can't.
All these hull types may also be manufactured as, or outfitted with hydrofoils. A sailing Hydrofoil or hydrosail is a Sailboat with wing-like foils mounted under the hull.
Keel
All vessels have keels, it is the backbone of the hull. In boats and ships keel can refer to either of two parts a structural element or a hydrodynamic element In traditional construction it is the structure upon which all else depends. Modern monocoque designs include a virtual keel. Even multihulls have keels. A multihull is a Ship, vessel craft or boat with more than one hull. On a sailboat the word Keel is also used to refer to the area that is added to the hull to improve its lateral plane. The lateral plane is what prevents leeway and allows sailing towards the wind. This can be an external piece or a part of the hull.
Most monohulls larger than a dinghy require ballast, depending on the design ballast will be 20 to 50 percent of the displacement. A monohull is a type of boat having only one hull, unlike Multihulled boats which can have two or more individual hulls connected to one another The ballast is often integrated into their keels as large masses of lead or cast iron. This secures the ballast and gets it as low as possible to improve it's effectivness. External keels are cast in the shape of the keel. A monohull's keel is made effective by a combination of weight, depth and length. In boats and ships keel can refer to either of two parts a structural element or a hydrodynamic element
Most modern monohull boats have fin keels, which are heavy and deep, but short in relation to the hull length. A monohull is a type of boat having only one hull, unlike Multihulled boats which can have two or more individual hulls connected to one another More traditional yachts carried a full keel which is generally half or more of the length of the boat. A recent feature is a winged keel, which is short and shallow, but carries a lot of weight in two "wings" which run sideways from the main part of the keel. A winged keel is a sailboat Keel, usually of high aspect ratio, that uses a nearly horizontal foil, the " Wing " at the bottom to provide Even more recent is the concept of canting keels, designed to move the weight at the bottom of a sailboat to the upwind side, allowing the boat to carry more sails.
Multihulls, on the other hand, have minimal need for such ballast, as they depend on the geometry of their design, the wide base of their multiple hulls, for their stability. Designers of performance multihulls, such as the Open 60's, go to great lengths to reduce overall boat weight as much as possible. The Open Ocean Performance Sixty, or simply Open 60, is a class of Trimaran racing yacht defined by the Ocean Racing Multihull Association. This leads some to comment that designing a multihull is more similar to designing an aircraft.
Centerboard
The centerboard or daggerboard is in essence a very lightweight keel, which is not permanently mounted and can be pulled up to accommodate shallow water. centreboard is a retractable Keel which pivots out of a slot in the hull of a Sailboat, known as a centerboard trunk (US or case Some sports boats are designed to plane on top of the water since they feature centerboards or light keels.
Gallery
 A Sailboat on the waters of Sydney Harbour. Port Jackson, containing Sydney Harbour, is the natural harbour of Sydney Australia |
 Another Sailboat on the waters of Sydney Harbour. Port Jackson, containing Sydney Harbour, is the natural harbour of Sydney Australia |
 An Orma 60 trimaran in Sandhamn before the Round Gotland Race, 2005. The Open Ocean Performance Sixty, or simply Open 60, is a class of Trimaran racing yacht defined by the Ocean Racing Multihull Association. |
 Quorning Boats Dragonfly 800. |
References and Bibliography
- Handbook of offshore cruising: The Dream and Reality of Modern Ocean Cruising (English).
- Aero-Hydrodynamics of Sailing (English). Tiller Pub.
- C. A. Marchaj. Sail Performance (English) 400. McGraw Hill.
- C. A. Marchaj. Seaworthiness:The Forgotten Factor (English) 372. Tiller Publishing.
See also
Manufacturers
- List of sailboat designers and manufacturers
- Bavaria Yachtbau
- Beneteau
- Beetle, Inc
- C&C
- Catalina Yachts
- Dehler Yachts
- Hallberg-Rassy
- Hunter Marine
- Jeanneau
- Johnston
- Longtze Yachts
- Grand Soleil
- Nautor's Swan
- Pearson Yachts
- Quorning Boats (Dragonfly 1200, 920, and 800)
- Tartane
- Virus Boats
External links
Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force A yacht is a recreational boat It designates two rather different classes of Watercraft, sailing and power yachts The following is a partial list of sailing boat types, including Keelboats dinghies, Catamarans and Trimarans Keelboats and yachts A sail-plan is a set of drawings usually prepared by a naval architect. this article attempts to give an overview of the design and manufacturing of Sailboat and the evolution of this industry. Sailboat design and manufacturing is done by a number of companies and groups The Bavaria Yachtbau GmbH is a German major Yacht builder with its headquarters in Giebelstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Beneteau Guitars Beneteau is a French sail and motor Boat manufacturer with production facilities in the France and the U A Beetle Cat is a 12'4" Catboat first built in 1920 in New Bedford Massachusetts by members of the Beetle family Catalina Yachts is a US -based builder of fiberglass Monohull sloop-rigged Sailboats ranging in sizes from eight to 47 feet in length Hallberg-Rassy AB (HR is a famous international Swedish Shipyard known for producing exclusive high quality sailing yachts For the British yacht builder see British Hunter (formerly "Hunter Boats" Hunter Marine Corporation is a U See also Sailing J/22 J/27 Sloop From February to December 2006 a group of China Team members lead by Pierre Mas team skipper was testing a number of existing sport boats sail regattas and match racing Oy Nautor AB is a Finnish producer of high class Sailing yachts based in Jakobstad. A Tartane or tartan was a small ship used both as a fishing ship and for coastal trading in the Mediterranean.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic