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In Islam, the Ṣaḥābah (Arabic: الصحابة "companions") were the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Aqidah (sometimes spelled Aqeeda, Aqidah or Aqida) (عقيدة is an Islamic term meaning Creed. Allah ( Arabic: الله, ʔalˤːɑːh) is the standard Arabic word for ' In Islam, God is believed to be the only real supreme being all-powerful and all knowing Creator Sustainer Ordainer and Judge of the universe Islam puts a heavy emphasis IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Muslims regard as Prophets of Islam ( Arabic: نبي) those non-divine humans chosen by Allah as Prophets The Five Pillars of Islam (Arabic أركان الإسلام is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim. The Shahada ( Arabic: ar الشهادة, from the verb ar شهد "to testify" is the Islamic Creed. Ṣalāt ( Arabic: صلاة, pl ṣalawāt, Qur'anic Arabic: صلوة ṣalawah) (also munz in Pashto and Sawm ( Arabic: صوم is an Arabic word for Fasting regulated by Islamic jurisprudence. This is a sub-article of Islamic economical jurisprudence. Zakaat ( زكاة zækæːh zakaat or zakāh, has the implied The Hajj (حج is a pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world Muslim history began in Arabia with the Muhammad 's first recitations of the Qur'an in the 7th century Caliph Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam There is much more to Muslim history than its military and political aspects this particular chronology is almost entirely of military and political nature See also Muhammad's wives Ahl al-Bayt ( Arabic:ar أهل البيت is an Arabic phrase literally meaning People of the House, or family The Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs ( ar الخلفاء الراشدون) is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the first Imāmah (إمامة is the Shī‘ah doctrine of religious spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. Qur'an Text Surahs ** Ayah Commentary/Exegesis Tafsir Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Sunnah ar (سنة plural سنن Sunan literally means “trodden path” and therefore the sunnah of the prophet means “the way and the manners of the prophet” Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic Fiqh ( Arabic: فقه, fɪqəh is Islamic Jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. Kalām (علم الكلام is the Islamic philosophy of seeking Islamic theological principles through Dialectic. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفیگری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic Muslim Culture is a term primarily used in Secular Academia to describe all cultural practices common to historically Islamic peoples The term Muslim world (or Islamic world) has several meanings This is a sub-article to Religious education, Academic discipline, and Islam. This article is about Animals in Islamic thought The Qur'an assigns an inferior status to animals in comparison with humans and has a tendency towards Islamic art encompasses the arts produced from the 7th century onwards by people (not necessarily Muslim) who lived within the territory that was inhabited by culturally The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar ( Arabic: التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری The topic of Islam and children includes the rights of children in Islam children's duties towards their parents and parent's rights over their children both males and females Listing of Muslims by country Important note Population counts by religious affiliation like most demographic characteristics of a Population Muslim holidays are mostly based around the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, especially the events surrounding the first hearing of the Qur'an. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Islamic philosophy is a branch of Islamic studies, and is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between Philosophy ( Reason) and the religious teachings See also Modern Islamic philosophy, Islamism, Islamic terrorism Political aspects of Islam are derived from the Quran, the Sunna Over the centuries of Islamic history, Muslim rulers Islamic scholars, and ordinary Muslims have held many different attitudes towards other religions The historical interaction between Christianity and Islam, in the field of Comparative religion, connects fundamental ideas in Christianity with similar ones in Islam Hinduism and Islam, from the of arrival of the Arabs as far back as the eighth century AD has had a checkered history Islam and Jainism came in close contact with each other following the Islamic conquest from Central Asia and Persia in the seventh The historical interaction of Judaism and Islam started in the 7th century CE with the origin and spread of Islam in the Arabian peninsula. In Islam, Muhammad is the last and final Prophet of God Islam views Jews Christians and Muslims as " People of the Book Arguments critical to religion in general or specific to monotheism such as the Existence of God, are not dealt with here Islamophobia is a Neologism that refers to Prejudice or Discrimination against Islam or Muslims The term itself dates back to the The following list consists of Concepts that are derived from both Islamic and Arab tradition which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing several languages of Asia and Africa such as Arabic, Persian, and Urdu. Muslims regard as Prophets of Islam ( Arabic: نبي) those non-divine humans chosen by Allah as Prophets IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics This form is plural; the singular is Ṣaḥābi (fem. Ṣaḥābiyyah). A list of the best-known companions can be found in the List of Sahaba. Ṣaḥāba: (Arabic الصحابة "The Companions" The companions of Muhammad, who had met or had seen him while in a state of īmān
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Definitions of companion
Most Sunnis regard anyone who, in the state of faith, saw him to be a companion or Ṣahābi[1]. Not to be confused with Imam, a prayer leader in Islam Iman (إيمان is an Islamic term usually translated as " belief or Lists of prominent companions usually run to fifty or sixty names, being the people most closely associated with Muhammad. However, there were clearly many others who had some contact with Muhammad, and their names and biographies were recorded in religious reference texts such as Muhammad ibn Sa'd's early Kitāb at-Tabāqat al-Kabīr.
It was important to identify the companions because later scholars accepted their testimony (the hadith, or traditions) as to the words and deeds of Muhammad, the occasions on which the Qur'an was revealed, and various important matters of Islamic history and practice (sunnah). Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic Sunnah ar (سنة plural سنن Sunan literally means “trodden path” and therefore the sunnah of the prophet means “the way and the manners of the prophet” The testimony of the companions, as it was passed down through chains of trusted narrators (isnads), was the basis of the developing Islamic tradition. A Hadith was originally just an Arabic story As the stories began to be used formally it became common to provide their chain of transmitters (or sanad سند plural
Other links in the chain of isnad
Because the hadith were not written down until many years after the death of Muhammad, the isnads, or chains of transmission, always have several links. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics The first link is preferably a companion, who had direct contact with Muhammad. The companion then related the tradition to a taba'een, the companion of the companion. The Tābi‘īn ( "Followers" are the generation of Muslims who were born after the death of Muhammad but who were contemporary of the Sahaba Taba'een had no direct contact with Muhammad, but did have direct contact with the Ṣahāba. The tradition then would have been passed from the taba'een to the taba taba'een, the third link. Tābi‘ al-Tābi‘īn ( is the generation after the Tabi'in in Islam.
The second and third links in the chain of transmission were also of great interest to Muslim scholars, who treated of them in biographical dictionaries and evaluated them for bias and reliability. Again, Shi'a and Sunni apply different metrics.
Numbers of companions
Some Muslims assert that there were more than one hundred thousand companions. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The last sermon Muhammad delivered after making his last pilgrimage, or Hajj, to Mecca. The Hajj (حج is a pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored Muslims believe that there were about 124,000 witnesses to this sermon.
Views of the companions
Soon after Muhammad's death the Muslim community, the ummah, was riven by conflicts over leadership. Ummah (أمة is an Arabic word meaning Community or Nation. It is commonly used to mean either the collective nation of states, or (in the Companions took sides in the conflicts – or were forced to take sides – and later scholars considered their allegiances in weighing their testimony. The two largest Muslim denominations, the Shia and Sunni take very different approaches in weighing the value of the companions' testimony. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic
"May God be pleased with him" (Arabic: Radhi-Allah-hu 'anhu رضي الله عنه) is usually mentioned by Sunnis after the names of the Sahaba.
Sunni views
According to Sunni scholars, Muslims of the past should be considered companions if they had any contact with Prophet Muhammad, and they were not liars or opposed to the Prophet and his teachings. This is a sub-article to Sahaba and Sunni Sunni doctrine accords high respect to the Sahaba, since it is believed If they saw him, heard him, or were in his presence even briefly, they are companions. Blind people are considered companions even if they could not see Muhammad. Even unlearned Muslims are considered companions. However, anyone who died after rejecting Islam and becoming an apostate is not considered a companion.
Sunni Muslim scholars classified companions into many categories, based on a number of criteria. Suyuti recognized eleven levels of companionship. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Imam Jalaluddin Al-Suyuti (c However, all companions are assumed to be just (udul) unless they are proven otherwise; that is, Sunni scholars do not believe that companions would lie or fabricate hadith unless they were proven to be liars, untrustworthy or opposed to Islam.
Shi'a views
Shi'a Muslims do not accept all companions as just. For other views of Sahaba and a short description see Sahaba. The Shi'a believe that after the death of Muhammad, all except three, or some says twelve, Muslims turned aside from true Islam and followed leaders like the first caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar. Early life Abu Bakr was born at Mecca some time in the year 573 CE, in the Banu Taym branch of the Quraysh tribe Umar (a=عمر بن الخطاب|t=`Umar ibn al-Khattāb c 581-83 CE &ndash 7 November, 644) also known as Umar the Great or Omar the Great Only a few of the early Muslims held fast to Ali ibn Abi Talib, whom Shi'a Muslims regard as the rightful successor to Muhammad. ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (a=علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب|t=ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 13th Rajab, 24 BH – 21st Ramaḍān, 40 AH Shi'a scholars therefore deprecate hadith believed to have been transmitted through unjust companions, and place much more reliance on hadith believed to have been related by companions who supported Ali.
Qur'an alone views
Qur'an aloners view that the view pertaining that "ALL of them [were] good and righteous people" is the creation of "corrupted scholars and their blind followers disregarded [of] what Allah said in the Quran". Qur'an alone Muslims Qur'anic Muslims, or sometimes Anti-Hadith Muslims, is a term used to refer to Muslims who reject Hadith, or reported traditions of
See also
- Non-Muslim interactants with Muslims during Muhammad's era. This is a list of the non-Muslim interactants with Muslims during Muhammad's era.
- Timing of Sahaba becoming Muslims
- Salaf
- Taba'een
- Taba Tabe'een
Related to hadith:
Related to Muhammad's family:
- Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi — became Muslim, but not a ṣaḥābi. Among Muslim, the timing of Sahaba becoming Muslims is of importance This article is on the group of early Muslims For the article on the contemporary Islamic movement see Salafi Salaf or The Tābi‘īn ( "Followers" are the generation of Muslims who were born after the death of Muhammad but who were contemporary of the Sahaba Tābi‘ al-Tābi‘īn ( is the generation after the Tabi'in in Islam. Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic A Hadith was originally just an Arabic story As the stories began to be used formally it became common to provide their chain of transmitters (or sanad سند plural See also Ilm ar-Rijal The Sunnah of Muhammad was told by way of an oral tradition before they were written down IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Muhammad's wives were the eleven or thirteen women married to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. See also Muhammad's wives Ahl al-Bayt ( Arabic:ar أهل البيت is an Arabic phrase literally meaning People of the House, or family Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi (المنذر بن ساوى التميمي was the ruler of Bahrain and Qatar during the age of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
References
- ^ To be with the truthful by Muhammad al-Tijani on Al-Islam. To Be With The Truthful is book by Muhammad al-Tijani. Etymology The name of the book is derived from a Quranic verse Muhammad al-Tijani al-Samawi ( محمد التيجاني السماوي)(born 2 February 1943 in Gafsa, Tunisia) is a Tunisian org [1]
also:
- Ibn Sa'd, Muhammad -- The book of The Major Classes, only partially translated into English; see Men of Medina and Women of Medina published by Ta-Ha Publishers, and first two volumes as published by Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi
- Wilferd Madelung -- The Succession to Muhammad, Cambridge University Press, 1997
- Maxime Rodinson -- Muhammad, 1961, as translated into English and published in 1980 by Pantheon Books
- William Montgomery Watt -- Muhammad at Medina, Oxford University Press 1956
External links
- Describes the Sunni perspective
- Companions of the Prophet - Great Compilation
- Companions of the Prophet - Excellent Compilation
- Men around the Messenger - Khalid Muhammad Khalid - download the pdf
- Islamic Glossary includes the names of some Sahaba. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Muhammad ibn Sa'd ibn Mani' al- Baghdadi or Ibn Sa'd ( ابن The Book of The Major Classes (Arabic كتاب الطبقات الكبرى or Tabaqat ibn Sa'd) (ISBN B0007JAWMK is a Wilferd Ferdinand Madelung (born 26 December 1930) is a scholar of Islam. The Succession to Muhammad is a book written by Wilferd Madelung and released by the Cambridge University Press in 1997 Maxime Rodinson ( 26 January 1915 &ndash 23 May 2004) was a French Marxist Historian, Sociologist and Muhammad (ISBN 1-56584-752-0 is a secular biography of the Islamic prophet written by prominent French William Montgomery Watt ( 14 March 1909 – 24 October 2006) was an Emeritus Professor in Arabic and Islamic Muhammad at Medina is a book about Islam written by the Non-Muslim Islamic scholar William Montgomery Watt.
- The Companions of the Prophet: Definition, Status, and Ranking
- ummah gives support to the idea that Imam Abu Hanifa was a taba'een
- Companions of the Prophet - the Sahabah provides extensive information about the lives of some Sahaba. Al-Imam al-A'zam ( الامام الاعظم) "The Greatest Imam" Nu’man bin Thabit bin Zuta bin Mahan ( النعمان بن ثابت) better known by
- Why are Sahaba the most successful An online video lecture by Shaykh Sayyed Muhammad bin Yahya Al-Husayni Al-Ninowy
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