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| Martes zibellina Linnaeus, 1758 |
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The sable (Martes zibellina) is a small carnivorous mammal, closely related to the martens. Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for For the Wiltshire village see Marten Wiltshire. For the town in Bulgaria see Marten Bulgaria. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands For the Wiltshire village see Marten Wiltshire. For the town in Bulgaria see Marten Bulgaria. It inhabits forest environments primarily in Russia from the Ural Mountains throughout Siberia, in northern Mongolia and China and on Hokkaidō in Japan. Taiga (ˈtaɪgə from Turkic or Mongolian) is a Biome characterized by Coniferous forests Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Riphean redirects here For the time period see Riphean stage The Ural Mountains (Ура́льские го́ры Uralskiye Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> formerly known as Ezo, Yezo, Yeso, or Yesso, is Japan 's For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. [1] Its range in the wild originally extended through European Russia to Poland and Scandinavia. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well [2] It has historically been harvested for its highly valued fur, which remains a luxury good to this day. Fur is a body hair of any non-human Mammal, also known as the Pelage. In Economics, a luxury good is a good for which Demand increases more than proportionally as income rises in contrast to a "necessity good" While hunting of wild animals is still common in Russia, most fur in the market is now commercially farmed. Fur farming is the practice of breeding or raising certain types of Animals for their Fur.
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Etymology
The name sable appears to be of Slavic origin and to have entered most Western European via the early medieval fur trade. The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages [3] Thus the Russian and Polish sobol became the German Zobel, Dutch Sabel; the French zibelline Spanish cibelina, cebellina, Finnish soopeli and Mediaeval Latin zibellina derive from the Italian form. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Finnish ( or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92% As of 2006) and by ethnic Finns outside Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily as a medium of scholarly exchange and as the Liturgical language of the medieval Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The English and Medieval Latin word sabellum comes from the Old French sable or saible. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Old French was the Romance Dialect continuum spoken in territories which span roughly the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium
The term has become a generic description for some black-furred animal breeds, such as sable cats or rabbits. WikipediaManual of Style (spelling, articles should conform to one overall spelling style of English typically the one most linked to the article topic (if it is geographic Rabbits are small Mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world
Physical Appearance
Males weigh 880-1800 grams and have body length between 380-560 mm, with relatively long tails between 90-120 mm. Males are somewhat larger than females (700-1560 grams, 350-510 mm). [4] Winter pelage is longer and thicker than their summer coat. Coloration varies in color from tan to black. [2] The fur is somewhat lighter ventrally and a patch of gray, white, or pale yellow fur on the throat is common. The finest, darkest fur is highly prized and referred to as "black diamond".
Behavior, habitat and ecology
Sables are diurnal predators, using their sense of smell and hearing to hunt for small prey. They have been observed to hide in their dens for days during periods such as snow storms, or when they are being hunted by humans. In the wild they are potentially vicious; although there are "domesticated" sables who have been described as playful, curious, and even "tame" (if taken from their mother at a young age). They are mostly terrestrial, hunting and constructing dens on the forest floor. They feed on chipmunks, squirrels, mice, small birds and fish. Chipmunk is the common name for any small Squirrel -like Rodent species of the genus Tamias in the family Sciuridae. A squirrel is one of the many small or medium-sized Rodents in the family Sciuridae. A mouse (plural mice) is a small Animal that belongs to one Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two When primary sources are scarce they eat berries, vegetation, and pine nuts. The word berry has two meanings one based on a botanical definition the other on common identification Pine nuts are the edible Seeds of Pines (family Pinaceae, genus Pinus) When weather conditions are extreme they will store their prey in their den. Despite their small size, their sharp teeth and fierce demeanor discourage most predators.
History of exploitation and status
Sable fur has been a highly valued item in the fur trade since the early Middle Ages. The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal Fur. Intensified hunting in Russia in the 19th and early 20th century caused a severe enough decline in numbers that a five year ban on hunting was instituted in 1935, followed by a winter-limited licensed hunt. These restrictions together with the development of sable farms have allowed to species to recolonize much of its former range and attain healthy numbers. [5] The collapse of the Soviet Union led to an increase of hunting and poaching in the 1990s, in part because wild caught Russian furs are considered the most luxurious and demand the highest prices on the international market. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 [6] Currently, the species has no special conservation status according to the IUCN, though the isolated Japanese subspecies M. zibellina brachyurus is listed as "data-deficient". [7]
Because of its great expense, sable fur is typically integrated into various clothes fashions: to decorate collars, sleeves, hems and hats (see, for example the shtreimel). A shtreimel ( Yiddish: שטרײַמל pl שטרײַמלעך shtreimlech) is a Fur hat worn by many married Haredi Jewish men The so-called Kolinsky sable-hair brushes used for watercolor or oil painting are not manufactured from sable hair, but from that of the siberian weasel. A Kolinsky sable -hair brush (also known as red sable or sable hair brush) is a fine Artists Brush. The Siberian Mountain Weasel, also known as the Siberian Weasel, Kolinsky or Himalayan Weasel, is a rust coloured member of the Weasel family
References
- ^ Harrison, D. J. (editor) (2004). Martens and Fishers (Martes) in Human-Altered Environments: An International Perspective. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0387225803.
- ^ a b Ognev, S. (1962). Mammals of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations.
- ^ “sable, n. , etymology of” The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989. OED Online. Oxford University Press. http://dictionary.oed.com/. Accessed: 11-2-2008
- ^ Nowak first = R. M. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1936 pp. . ISBN 0-8018-5789-9.
- ^ (1990) Grizimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals Volume 3. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- ^ Tyler, P. E. . "Behind the $100,000 Sable Coat, a Siberian Hunter", The New York Times, 2000-12-27. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the
- ^ Martes zibellina – Lower Risk Least Concern. IUCN listing online. Accessed 11-2-2008]
External links
Dictionary
sable
-noun
- A small mammal, related to the marten of Eurasia and North Pacific Islands. Taxonomic name: Martes zibellina.
- The marten. Taxonomic name: Mustela americana.
- A coat made from the fur of the sable.
- An artist's brush made from the fur of the sable.
- (heraldry): A black colour on a coat of arms.
- (color) a black colour, like that of sable fur.
-adjective
- (color) of a black colour, like that of sable fur.
- (heraldry): In blazon, of the colour black.
- Made of sable fur.
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