A Sabbath or sabbath is generally a weekly day of rest and/or time of worship that is observed in any of several faiths. Leisure or free time, is a period of Time spent out of work and essential domestic Activity. This article refers to the religious act For the album by Michael W The term derives from the Hebrew shabbat (שבת), "to cease", which was first used in the Biblical account of the seventh day of Creation. Shabbat or Shabbos ( Hebrew: שַׁבָּת, shabbāt, shabbes, "rest/inactivity" is the Weekly Sabbath Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin Creation according to Genesis refers to the Hebrew narrative of the creation of the heavens and the earth as told in chapters 1 and 2 of Genesis Observation and remembrance of the Sabbath is one of the Ten Commandments (the fourth in the original Jewish, the Eastern Orthodox, and most Protestant traditions, the third in Roman Catholic and Lutheran traditions). The Ten Commandments, or Decalogue, are a list of religious and moral imperatives that according to Judeo-Christian tradition were authored by God and given PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther Many viewpoints and definitions have arisen over the millennia. The term has been used to describe a similar weekly observance in any of several other faiths; the new moon; any of seven annual festivals in Judaism and some Christian traditions; any of eight annual festivals in Wicca (usually "sabbat"); and a year of rest in religious or secular usage, originally every seventh year. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Wheel of the Year is a Wiccan and Neopagan term for the annual cycle of the Earth 's Seasons It consists of eight festivals spaced at approximately

Jewish tradition

The Jewish weekly Sabbath and High Sabbaths are also observed by a minority of Christians. High Sabbaths refer to the annual festivals recorded in the books of Exodus and Deuteronomy

Weekly Sabbath

For more details on this topic, see Shabbat. Shabbat or Shabbos ( Hebrew: שַׁבָּת, shabbāt, shabbes, "rest/inactivity" is the Weekly Sabbath

The Jewish Sabbath (shabbat, shabbos, shabbes, shobos, etc. ) is a weekly day of rest observed from sundown on Friday until the appearance of three stars in the sky on Saturday night. Friday (pronunciation ˈfraɪdeɪ ˈfraɪdi is the day of the Week falling between Thursday and Saturday. Saturday is the day of the week between Friday and Sunday. It is either the sixth or seventh Day of the week as discussed below. Most Sabbath-keepers regard this seventh-day Sabbath to have been instituted as a "perpetual covenant [for] the people of Israel" (Exodus 31:16-17) in respect for the day during which God rested after having completed the Creation in six days (Genesis 2:2-3, Exodus 20:8-11); Isaiah extends the term to include even corrupted rest-day traditions (1:13). (Some prominent rabbis believe the Sabbath was originally kept according to the four phases of the moon, every seven or eight days. ) Thirty-nine prohibited categories of work are listed in Tractate Shabbat (Talmud). This is about part of the Talmud; for the Jewish day of rest see Shabbat. Customarily, Shabbat is ushered in by lighting candles shortly before sunset, at calculated times that change from week to week and from place to place. A candle is a Light source and sometimes a Heat source consisting of a solid block of Fuel and an embedded wick. Several times a year, the weekly Sabbath is designated as one of the Special Sabbaths, such as Shabbat Teshuvah, the Sabbath of Repentance prior to Yom Kippur. Special Sabbaths are fixed Jewish Shabbat days which precede or coincide with certain Jewish holidays during the year Yom Kippur (יוֹם כִּפּוּר ˈjɔm kiˈpur also known in English as the Day of Atonement, is the most solemn and important of the Jewish holidays Its (In a distinct minority, some European Reform Jews have moved Sabbath observances to Sunday. Reform movement in Judaism is a historic and on-going religious and Social movement that originated simultaneously in the early nineteenth century in the United Sunday is the day of the week between Saturday and Monday. In the Jewish law it is the first day of the Hebrew calendar week )

Sabbath as week

For more details on this topic, see Week. A week (also called sennight or sevennight) is a unit of Time longer than a Day and shorter than a Month.

By synecdoche (naming a part for the whole), the term "Sabbath" also came to mean simply "week" in Jewish sources by the time of the Septuagint. Synecdoche is taken from Greek sinekdohi (συνεκδοχή meaning "simultaneous understanding" (si-nek-duh-kee (pronounced /sɪˈnɛkdoˌki/ The Septuagint (ˈsɛptuədʒɪnt or simply " LXX " is the Koine Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, translated in stages between the Jesus's parable of the Pharisee and the Publican describes the Pharisee as fasting "twice a week" (dis tou sabbatou), literally, "twice of the Sabbath". Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) The Parable of the Pharisee and the Publican is a Parable told by Jesus in the Gospel of Luke. The word Pharisees ( lat. pharisæ|us, - i) comes from the Hebrew פרושים perushim from פרוש parush, meaning "separated"

Annual Sabbaths

For more details on this topic, see High Sabbaths. High Sabbaths refer to the annual festivals recorded in the books of Exodus and Deuteronomy

Seven annual Biblical festivals are also called by the name shabbaton in Hebrew and "High Sabbath" in English. These are recorded in the books of Exodus and Deuteronomy and do not necessarily occur on the weekly Sabbath. Exodus ( Greek: έξοδος eksodos = "departure" is the second book of the Jewish Torah and of the Christian Old Testament. Deuteronomy (Greek deuteronomion, Δευτερονόμιον "second law" is the fifth book of the Hebrew Bible and of the Old Testament They include the first and seventh days of Unleavened Bread or Passover (Pesach); Pentecost (Shavuot); Trumpets (Rosh Hashanah); Atonement (Yom Kippur, the "Sabbath of the Sabbaths"); and the first and eighth days of Tabernacles (Sukkoth). Passover ( Hebrew, Yiddish: פֶּסַח Pesach, Tiberian: pɛsaħ Israeli: Pesah, Pesakh, Yiddish Shavuot (or Shavuos, in Ashkenazi usage Hebrew: שבועות, lit Rosh Hashanah (ראש השנה literally "head of the year" Biblical: ˈɾoʃ haʃːɔˈnɔh Israeli haʃaˈna Yiddish: hɑˈʃɔnə is a Jewish Yom Kippur (יוֹם כִּפּוּר ˈjɔm kiˈpur also known in English as the Day of Atonement, is the most solemn and important of the Jewish holidays Its Sukkot ( also known as Succoth, Sukkos, Feast of Booths or Feast of Tabernacles) is a Biblical Pilgrimage

For more details on this topic, see Shabbaton. The Hebrew term Shabbaton, (שבתון may be loosely translated into English to mean Sabbatical

The modern Hebrew term shabbaton or shaboson also means a retreat or program for education, and usually celebration, that is held on a weekly Jewish Sabbath or over a weekend with special focus on the Sabbath.

Seventh-year Sabbath

For more details on this topic, see Shmita. Shmita ( Hebrew: שמיטה literally "release" also called the Sabbatical Year, is the seventh year of the seven-year agricultural cycle mandated by the

The year of Shmita (Hebrew: שמיטה, literally "release"), also called the Sabbatical Year, is the seventh year of the seven-year agricultural cycle mandated by the Torah for the Land of Israel. term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to For other uses see Israel (disambiguation The Land of Israel ( Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Eretz Yisrael) is During Shmita, the land is left to lie fallow and all agricultural activity—including plowing, planting, pruning, and harvesting—is forbidden by Torah law. Other cultivation techniques—such as watering, fertilizing, weeding, spraying, trimming, and mowing—may be performed as preventative measures only, not to improve the growth of trees or plants. Additionally, any fruits which grow of their own accord are deemed ownerless and may be picked by anyone. A variety of laws also apply to the sale, consumption and disposal of Shmita produce. A second aspect of Shmita concerns debts and loans: when the year ends, personal debts are considered nullified and forgiven. In similar fashion, the Torah required a slave who had worked for six years to go free in the seventh year.

Christian tradition

In Christianity, both those who observe the seventh day as Sabbath and those who observe the first day as Sabbath lay claim to the names "Sabbatarian" for themselves and "Lord's Day" for the Sabbath; so do others who hold to a strong Sabbath principle. Sunday is the day of the week between Saturday and Monday. In the Jewish law it is the first day of the Hebrew calendar week

First-day Sabbath

For more details on this topic, see Sabbath in Christianity. In Christianity, the Sabbath is generally a weekly religious Day of rest as ordained by one of the Ten Commandments (the third by Roman Catholic

In the majority of Christendom, "Sabbath" is a synonym of "Lord's Day" (Sunday), which is kept in commemoration of the resurrection of Christ. The " Lord's Day " is one of the traditional Christian names for Sunday the first day of the Judaeo-Christian seven-day week observed by most Christians as the memorial Sunday is the day of the week between Saturday and Monday. In the Jewish law it is the first day of the Hebrew calendar week Within the body of Christian beliefs the resurrection of Jesus is a core event on which much of Christian doctrine and theology depend It is often the day of rest, and usually the day of communal worship. A Sabbath or sabbath is generally a weekly day of rest and/or time of Worship that is observed in any of several faiths The Lord's Day is considered both the first day and the "eighth day" of the seven-day week (or, in some calendars, Sunday is designated the seventh day of the week). Relatively few Christians regard first-day observance as entailing all of the ordinances of the Jewish Sabbath. The related Latter Day Saint movement generally follows the stronger Christian Sabbatarian traditions, avoiding shopping, leisure activities, and idleness on the first day, and avoiding work unless absolutely necessary. A Latter Sometimes the Lord's Day is observed by those who believe the Sabbath corresponds to Saturday but is obsolete; and in Oriental Orthodoxy, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has observed both a Sunday Lord's Day and a Saturday Sabbath for several centuries. Oriental Orthodoxy is the communion of Eastern Christian Churches that recognize only three Ecumenical councils — the First Council of Nicaea, the The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (in transliterated Amharic: Yäityop'ya ortodoks täwahedo bétäkrestyan) is an Oriental As another minority view, some modern Christians uphold a Sabbath but do not limit its observance to either Saturday or Sunday, instead advocating rest on any chosen day of the week, or advocating the Sabbath as instead a symbolic metaphor for rest in Christ.

Seventh-day Sabbath

For more details on this topic, see Sabbath in Seventh-day Adventism. The Sabbath is an important part of the belief and practice of Seventh-day Adventists, and is perhaps the defining characteristic of the denomination

In several Christian denominations, the Sabbath is kept in similar manner as in Judaism, but observance ends at Saturday sunset instead of Saturday nightfall. Seventh Day Baptists have found the Sabbath an important part of their beliefs and practices since the mid-17th century, also informing the doctrine of the similar but larger Seventh-day Adventist group in the mid-19th century. Seventh Day Baptists are Christian Baptists who continue to observe the Sabbath on Saturday which is the original seventh day of the week for the founding The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated " Adventist " Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance They and others believe that keeping the seventh-day Sabbath is a moral obligation arising out of the Ten Commandments that honors God as Creator and Deliverer. They also use "Lord's Day" to mean the seventh day, based on Scriptures in which God calls it "my day" and "of the LORD". Many of the Lemba in southern Africa, like some other African tribes, are Christians yet claim common descent from the Jewish people, keep one day a week holy like the Jewish Sabbath, and have many beliefs and practices linked to Judaism. The Lemba or Lembaa are an Ethnic group numbering 70000 in Southern Africa who claim a common descent and belonging to the Jewish people Southern Africa is the Southernmost Region of the African Continent, variably defined by Geography or Geopolitics. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************

Monthly Sabbath

For more details on this topic, see New moon. This article is about the lunar phase for other uses see New Moon (disambiguation.

The new moon, occurring every 29 or 30 days, is an important separately sanctioned occasion in Judaism and some other faiths. It is not widely regarded as a Sabbath, but some native messianic Pentecostals, such as the New Israelites of Peru, do keep the day of the new moon as a Sabbath of rest, from dusk to dusk. Hebrew Roots (also referred to as Hebraic Roots) is a movement of modern-day Christians including Messianic Jews, returning to the perspectives and beliefs Pentecostalism is a renewalist religious movement within Christianity that places special emphasis on the direct personal experience of God through the Baptism Their new moon services can last all day.

Annual Sabbath

For more details on this topic, see Day of the Vow. The Day of the Vow ( Afrikaans: Geloftedag or Dingaansdag) is the name of a religious public holiday in South Africa until 1994 when it was renamed

In South Africa, Christian Boers have celebrated December 16, now called the Day of Reconciliation, as an annual Sabbath (a holy day of thanksgiving) since 1838. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Boer (ˈbuːr in Dutch ˈbʊɚ/ /boʊɚ or /ˈbɔr/ in English is the Dutch word for Farmer which came to denote the descendants of the proto Afrikaans Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion The Day of Reconciliation is a public holiday in South Africa held annually on 16 December. Commemorating a famous Boer victory over the Zulu, the anniversary and its commemoration are intimately connected with various streams of Afrikaner and South African nationalism. The Zulu ( IsiZulu: amaZulu) are the largest South African ethnic group of an estimated 10-11 million people who live mainly in the province of KwaZulu-Natal The term Afrikaner people refers to white Afrikaans -speaking people who have been established in Southern Africa since the 17th century and are mainly of northwestern

Millennial Sabbath

For more details on this topic, see Millennialism. This is an article on sociological Millennialism You may be looking for the article on Christian Premillennialism.

Since Hippolytus of Rome in the early third century, Christians have often considered that a thousand-year Sabbath, expected to begin six thousand years after Creation, might be identical with the millennium described in the Book of Revelation. For places named after the saint see Saint-Hippolyte Saint Hippolytus of Rome (c This is an article on sociological Millennialism You may be looking for the article on Christian Premillennialism. The Book of Revelation, also called Revelation to John, Apocalypse of John ( pronounced, from the Ἀποκάλυψις Ἰωάννου This view was also popular among 19th and 20th century dispensational premillenialists. Dispensationalism is a Christian theological view of history and Biblical interpretation that became popular during the 1800s and early 1900s and is Premillennialism in Christian eschatology is the belief that Christ will literally reign on the earth for 1000 years at his Second coming. The term "Sabbatism" or "Sabbatizing" (Greek sabbatismos), which generically means any literal or spiritual Sabbath-keeping, has also been taken in Hebrews 4:9 to have special reference to this definition.

Other traditions

Buddhism

For more details on this topic, see Uposatha. The Uposatha is the Buddhist sabbath day in existence from the Buddha's time (500 B

The Uposatha has been observed since Gautama Buddha's time (500 BC), and is still being kept today in Theravada Buddhist countries. Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder History Origin of the school The Theravāda school is ultimately derived from the Vibhajjavāda (or 'doctrine of analysis' grouping which was a continuation It occurs every seven or eight days, in accordance with the four phases of the moon. Buddha taught that Uposatha is for "the cleansing of the defiled mind", resulting in inner calm and joy. On this day, disciples and monks intensify their practice, deepen their knowledge, and express communal commitment through millennia-old acts of lay-monastic reciprocity. DISCiPLE, Miles Gordon Technology 's first product was a Floppy disk interface for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum home computer MONK is a Monte Carlo software package for simulating nuclear processes particularly for the purpose of determining the neutron multiplication factor or k-effective

Islam

For more details on this topic, see Jumu'ah. "Juma" redirects here For the indigenous Brazilian group see Juma people.

Jumu'ah (Arabic: جمعة ), also known as "Friday prayer", is a congregational prayer (salat) that Muslims hold every Friday, just after noon, in place of the otherwise daily dhuhr prayer. Ṣalāt ( Arabic: صلاة‎, pl ṣalawāt, Qur'anic Arabic: صلوة ṣalawah) (also munz in Pashto and The dhuhr (ظهر prayer ("dh" representing Ẓāʼ, an Emphatic voiced dental fricative" it is often simplified to "z" is The Quran states: "O ye who believe! When the call is proclaimed to prayer on Friday [the Day of Assembly], hasten earnestly to the Remembrance of Allah, and leave off business [and traffic]: That is best for you if ye but knew" (62:9). The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran It is an obligation for men (and is recommended for women) to perform jumu'ah in congregation (jama'ah) at a mosque (or else to pray a regular dhuhr prayer).

Unification Church

For more details on this topic, see Ahn Shi Il.

The Unification Church has a regular day of worship on Sunday, but also has a Family Pledge service every eight days on the day of Ahn Shi Il, which cycles among the weekdays. The Unification Church is a New religious movement founded by Korean religious leader Sun Myung Moon. The pledge recited at this event includes eight verses containing the phrase "by centering on true love".

Wicca

For more details on this topic, see Wheel of the Year. Wheel of the Year is a Wiccan and Neopagan term for the annual cycle of the Earth 's Seasons It consists of eight festivals spaced at approximately

The annual cycle of the Earth's seasons is called the Wheel of the Year in Wicca and neopaganism. Wheel of the Year is a Wiccan and Neopagan term for the annual cycle of the Earth 's Seasons It consists of eight festivals spaced at approximately Neopaganism or Neo-Paganism is an Umbrella term used to identify a wide variety of modern religious movements particularly those influenced by historical Eight sabbats (occasionally "sabbaths") are spaced at approximately even intervals throughout the year. Samhain, which coincides with Halloween, is considered the first sabbat of the year. Samhain (ˈsaʊn or /ˈsɑːwɪn/ Irish /ˈsˠaunʲ/ from the Old Irish samain) is the word for November in a few Gaelic languages Halloween, or Hallowe’en, is a Holiday celebrated on the night of October 31.

For more details on this topic, see Esbat. An esbat is a ritual observance of the Full moon within Wicca and other Wiccan-influenced forms of Neopaganism.

An esbat is a ritual observance of the full moon in Wicca and neopaganism. Full moon is a Lunar phase that occurs when the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun. Some groups extend the esbat to include the dark moon and the first and last quarters. "Esbat" and "sabbat" are distinct and are probably not cognate terms. Cognates in Linguistics are words that have a common origin They may occur within a language such as shirt and skirt as two English words descended from

For more details on this topic, see Witches' Sabbath. The Witches' Sabbath or Sabbat is a supposed meeting of those who practice Witchcraft, Satanism, or other rites

European records from the Middle Ages to the 17th century or later also place Witches' Sabbaths on similar dates to the sabbats in modern Wicca, but with some disagreement; medieval reports of sabbat activity are generally not firsthand and may be imaginative, but many persons were accused of, or tried for, taking part in sabbats. The Witches' Sabbath or Sabbat is a supposed meeting of those who practice Witchcraft, Satanism, or other rites

Secular

For more details on this topic, see Sabbatical. A sabbatical (from the Latin sabbaticus, from the Greek sabbatikos, from Hebrew shabbathon, i

From the Biblical Sabbatical Year came the modern concept of a sabbatical, a prolonged, often one-year, hiatus in the career of an individual. Such a period is often taken in order to fulfill some goal such as writing a book or traveling extensively for research. Some universities and other institutional employers of scientists, physicians, or academics offer a paid sabbatical as an employee benefit, called "sabbatical leave"; some companies offer an unpaid sabbatical for people wanting to take career breaks.

For more details on this topic, see Saturday. Saturday is the day of the week between Friday and Sunday. It is either the sixth or seventh Day of the week as discussed below.

Another secularism is the colloquial use of "Sabbath" as a simple synonym of "Saturday", which is a simplification of its use in religious contexts, where the two do not coincide.

For more details on this topic, see Blue law. A blue law is a type of law in the United States and Canada designed to enforce moral standards particularly the observance of Sunday as a day of worship

Secular use of "Sabbath" for "Sunday", by contrast, while it refers to the same period of time as the majority Christian use of "Sabbath", is often stated to refer to different purposes for the rest day. In McGowan v. Maryland (1961), the Supreme Court of the United States held that contemporary Maryland blue laws were intended to promote the secular values of "health, safety, recreation, and general well-being" through a common day of rest, and that this day coinciding with the majority Christian Sabbath neither reduces its effectiveness for secular purposes nor prevents adherents of other religions from observing their own holy days. McGowan v Maryland, 366 US 420 ( 1961) was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that laws with religious origins The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. A blue law is a type of law in the United States and Canada designed to enforce moral standards particularly the observance of Sunday as a day of worship The Supreme Court of Canada, in R. v. Big M Drug Mart Ltd. (1985) and R. v. Edwards Books and Art Ltd. (1986), found some blue laws invalid for having no legitimate secular purpose, but others valid because they had no religious purpose. The Supreme Court of Canada ( French: Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian R v Big M Drug Mart Ltd, 1 SCR 295 is a landmark decision by Supreme Court of Canada where the Court struck down the Lord's Day Act Background In 1983 four Ontario retail stores Edwards Books and Art Longo Brothers Fruit Markets, Paul Magder and Nortown Foods were charged with violating the

For more details on this topic, see Calendar reform. A calendar reform is any significant revision of a Calendar system

Among many calendar reform proposals that eliminate the constant seven-day week in exchange for simplified calculation of days of the week and other calendrical data, some retain Sabbatical influences. A week (also called sennight or sevennight) is a unit of Time longer than a Day and shorter than a Month. The names of the days of the week in various world languages can be classified as either numerical or planetary; however in either case the names of one or more days The International Fixed Calendar and World Calendar both consist of 364-day years containing exactly 52 weeks (each starting on a day designated as Sunday), with an additional one or two intercalary days not designated as part of any week (Year Day and Leap Day in the International Fixed Calendar; Worldsday and Leapyear Day in the World Calendar). The International Fixed Calendar (also known as the International Perpetual calendar, the Cotsworth plan, the Eastman plan, the 13 Month The World Calendar is a proposed reform of the Gregorian calendar created by Elisabeth Achelis of Brooklyn New York in 1930 Intercalation is the insertion of a leap day week or month into some calendar years to make the calendar follow the seasons or moon phases Reform supporters sought to accommodate Sabbatical observance by retaining the modified week and designating the intercalary days as additional Sabbaths or holidays; however, religious leaders held that such days disrupt the traditional seven-day weekly cycle. Lists of holidays The words holiday or vacation have related meanings in different English-speaking countries and continents but will usually refer to one of This unresolved issue contributed to the cessation of reform activities in the 1930s (International Fixed Calendar) and again in 1955 (World Calendar), though supporters of both proposals remain.