| Saarland | |||
| Flag | Coat of arms | ||
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| Location | |||
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| Time zone | CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) | ||
| Administration | |||
| Country |  Germany |
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| NUTS Region |  DEC |
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| Capital | Saarbrücken | ||
| Minister-President | Peter Müller (CDU) | ||
| Governing party | CDU | ||
| Votes in Bundesrat | 3 (of 69) | ||
| Basic statistics | |||
| Area | 2,569 km² (992 sq mi) | ||
| Population | 1,039,000 (09/2007)[1] | ||
| - Density | 404 /km² (1,048 /sq mi) | ||
| Other information | |||
| GDP/ Nominal | € 27 billion (2005) | ||
| Website | saarland.de | ||
Saarland (pronounced [ˈzaːɐ̯lant] in German; French: Sarre) is one of the 16 states of Germany. This article is about the Coat of arms of the German state of Saarland. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, ( NUTS) for the French nomenclature d'unités territoriales statistiques, is a Geocode Saarbrücken (ˈzaːɐ̯ˈbrʏkn in German; Sarrebruck is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. A minister-president (Ministerpräsident is the Head of government in a number of European countries or subnational governments who presides over the council of ministers Peter Aloysius Müller (born September 25, 1955 in Illingen, Germany) is a German politician belonging to the Christian Democratic The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. The Bundesrat ("federal council" or "upper house of German parliament" is the representation of the 16 Federal States ( Bundesländer) of Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular The capital is Saarbrücken. Saarbrücken (ˈzaːɐ̯ˈbrʏkn in German; Sarrebruck is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. It has an area of 2570 km² and 1,045,000 inhabitants. In both area and population it is the smallest of the German Flächenländer ("area states"), i. e. , those that are not City States (Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg). A city-state is a Region controlled exclusively by a City, usually having Sovereignty. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (German Freie Hansestadt Bremen) is the smallest of Germany's 16 Federal States ( Bundesländer) Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany With 65. 1 percent, it is the most Catholic state in Germany, being one of two states (the other one being Bavaria) that has a majority Catholic population. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Its location between French and German powers has given Saarland a unique history, and it was the only state to join the Bundesrepublik between its formation in 1949 and the German reunification in 1990. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung took place twice after 1945 first in 1957 the Saarland was permitted to join the Federal Republic of Germany
Contents |
Geography
The state borders France (département of the Moselle) in the south and west, Luxembourg in the west and Rheinland-Pfalz in the north and the east. Mettlach is a municipality in the district Merzig-Wadern, in Saarland, Germany. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Moselle is a ''département'' in the east of France named after the Moselle River. Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz is one of the 16 federal states (German Bundesländer) of Germany.
It is named after the Saar River, which is, in fact a tributary of the Moselle River (a Rhine tributary) and runs through the state from the south to the northwest. The Saar ( French: Sarre) is a River in northeastern France and western Germany, and a right tributary of the Moselle River A tributary is a Stream or River which flows into a mainstem (or parent river The Moselle (Moselle Mosel Musel is a River flowing through France, Luxembourg and Germany. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge One third of the land area of the Saarland is covered by forest, one of highest percentages in Germany. The state is generally hilly, the highest mountain is the Dollberg with a height of 695. 4 m (about 2,280 feet).
Most inhabitants live in a city agglomeration on the French border, surrounding the capital of Saarbrücken.
See also List of places in Saarland. This is a list of geographical features in the state of Saarland, Germany.
Districts
Saarland is divided into 6 districts (German: "Landkreise"):
History
Before World War I
Before World War I there existed no shared independent territory in the region of the Saarland. Merzig-Wadern is a Kreis ( District) in the northeast of the Saarland, Germany. Neunkirchen referring to a district can be Kreis Neunkirchen, a rural district ( Landkreis) in Saarland, Germany The Regionalverband Saarbrücken is a Kommunalverband besonderer Art, an integration of a District ( Kreis) and a district-free town Saarlouis is a Kreis ( District) in the middle of the Saarland, Germany. Saarpfalz ( Saar-Palatinate) is a Kreis ( District) in the south-east of the Saarland, Germany. Sankt Wendel is a Kreis ( District) in the north of the Saarland, Germany. The region of the Saarland was settled by the Celtic tribes of Treveri and Mediomatrices. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The Treveri or Treviri were a tribe of Gauls who inhabited the lower valley of the Moselle, within the southern fringes of the Arduenna Silva The Mediomatrici ( Greek:) were an ancient Celtic people of Gaul, who belong to the division of Belgica. The most impressive relic of their time is the remains of a fortress of refuge at Otzenhausen in the north of the Saarland. In the first century BC, the Roman Empire made the region part of its province Belgica. The 1st century BC started the first day of 100 BC and ended the last day of 1 BC. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Gallia Belgica was a Roman province located in what is now the southern part of the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northeastern The Celtic population mixed with the Roman immigrants. The region gained wealth, which can still be seen in the remains of Roman villas and villages.
The Roman rule ended in the 5th century, when the Franconians conquered the territory. The region of the Saarland was divided into several small territories. Some of them were ruled by sovereigns from adjoining regions. Over the years these territories gained a wide range of independence, threatened only by the French kings, who wanted to incorporate all the territories on the western side of the river Rhine. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge
It was not the king of France but the armies of the French Revolution who terminated the independence of the states in the region of the Saarland. List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an In 1792 they conquered the region and made it part of the French Republic. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Most of the villages became part of the Département de la Sarre, some villages in the east part of the Département Donnersberg. After the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, the region was divided into three parts. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Most of it was part of the Prussian Rhine Province. Another part, similar to the Saarpfalz district was allocated to the Kingdom of Bavaria. The Kingdom of Bavaria (Königreich Bayern was a German state that existed from 1806&ndash1918 The smallest part, the village of Nohfelden, was ruled by the Duke of Oldenburg. Peter Friedrich Wilhelm, born 3 January 1754, died 1823. He succeeded his father Friedrich August Duke of Holstein-Oldenburg as the Duke
On July 31, 1870, the French Emperor Napoleon III had ordered an invasion across the Saar River to seize Saarbrücken. Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President The Saar ( French: Sarre) is a River in northeastern France and western Germany, and a right tributary of the Moselle River The first shots of the Franco-Prussian War 1870/71 were fired on the heights of Spichern, south of Saarbrücken. The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 Saarbrücken (ˈzaːɐ̯ˈbrʏkn in German; Sarrebruck is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. After the war, the German Empire was founded and the Saar region was part of it. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification
Interwar history
In 1920 the Saargebiet was occupied by Britain and France under the auspices of the Treaty of Versailles. The Territory of the Saar Basin (in French: Le Territoire du Bassin de la Sarre, in German: Saarbeckengebiet) also referred as the Saar Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar The Territory of the Saar Basin (in French: Le Territoire du Bassin de la Sarre, in German: Saarbeckengebiet) also referred as the Saar The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. The occupied area also included portions of the Prussian Rhine Province and the Bavarian Rhenish Palatinate. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state The Rhine Province (Rheinprovinz also known as Rhenish Prussia ( Rheinpreußen) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 The Palatinate (Pfalz Pfälzer dialect Palz) historically also Rhenish Palatinate (palatinatum Renensis Rheinpfalz is a region in south-western Germany In practice the region was administered by France. In 1920 this was formalized by a 15 year League of Nations mandate. The League of Nations was an International organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919–1920
In 1933, a considerable number of political opponents of National Socialism fled to the Saar, as it was the only part of Germany that remained under foreign occupation following the first world war. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German As a result, anti-Nazi groups agitated for the Saarland to remain under French administration. However, with most of the population being ethnically German and with strong local anti-French sentiments deeply entrenched, such views were considered suspect or even treasonous, and therefore found little support.
When the original 15-year-term was over, a plebiscite was held in the territory on 13 January 1935: 90. A referendum (plural referendums or referenda) ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 3% of those voting favored re-joining Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
Following the referendum Josef Bürckel (member of the NSDAP party) (b. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 1895 – d. 1944) was appointed on 1 March 1935 as the German Reich's commissioner for re-integration (Reichskommissar für die Rückgliederung des Saarlandes). Deutsches Reich was the name for Germany from 1871 to 1945 in the German language. Reichskommissar (rendered as Commissionary of the Empire or as Reich - or Imperial Commissioner) in German history, was an official gubernatorial When the reincorporation was considered accomplished, his title was changed (after 17 June 1936) to Reichskommissar für das Saarland. A further change was made after 8 April 1940 to Reichskommissar für die Saarpfalz; finally, after 11 March 1941, he was made Reichsstatthalter in der "Westmark" (the region's new name, meaning "Western March or Border"), till 28 September 1944, when he was succeeded by Willi Stöhr (b. The term Reichsstatthalter ("imperial lieutenant" was used twice for different offices in the imperial Hohenzollern dynasty's German Empire and the single-party Mark from the Old English mearc and march (or various plural forms of these words derived from the Frankish word marka ("boundary" Willi Stöhr ( 6 November 1903 - 1994 German Nazi Party official was born in Wuppertal-Elberfeld. 1903, also NSDAP), until 21 March 1945. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945
History after World War II
- Further information: Saar (protectorate)
After World War II the Saarland came under French occupation and administration again, as the Saar Protectorate. The Saar or Saar Area or Saar Protectorate or Saar Region was a French-German borderland territory twice temporarily made a protectorate World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Saar or Saar Area or Saar Protectorate or Saar Region was a French-German borderland territory twice temporarily made a protectorate
Under the Monnet Plan France attempted to gain economic control of German industrial areas with large coal and mineral deposits that were not in Soviet hands; the Ruhr area and the Saar area. This article deals with the 1945-47 plan of the immediate post-war period The Ruhr Area, ( German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott or Revier) is an Urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia Attempts to gain control of or permanently internationalize the Ruhr (see International Authority for the Ruhr ) area were abandoned in 1951 with the German agreement to pool its coal and steel resources (see European Coal and Steel Community) in return for full political control of the Ruhr. The International Authority for the Ruhr (IAR was an international body established in 1949 by the Allied powers to control the coal and steel industry of the Ruhr The European Coal and Steel Community ( ECSC) was a six-nation International organisation serving to unify Western Europe during the Cold War and creating The French attempt to gain economic control over the Saar was at the time more successful, with the final vestiges of French economic influence ending in 1981. Unlike the Soviets in Upper Silesia ((Germany's largest center of mining and industry), France did not annex the Saar and did not forcibly expel the local German population. Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people
In the speech Restatement of Policy on Germany, held in Stuttgart on September 6, 1946, the United States Secretary of State James F. Byrnes stated the U. " Restatement of Policy on Germany " is a famous speech by James F Secretary of State is a commonly used title for a Government Official. James Francis Byrnes ( May 2, 1879 April 9, 1972) was an American statesman from the state of South Carolina. S. motive in detaching the Saar from Germany as "The United States does not feel that it can deny to France, which has been invaded three times by Germany in 70 years, its claim to the Saar territory". (See also Morgenthau plan for U.S. and UK designs for the Saar area. The Morgenthau Plan was a plan for the occupation of Germany after World War II that advocated measures intended to remove Germany's ability to wage war The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located )
In the years 1945 - 1951 a policy of industrial disarmament was pursued in Germany by the Allies (see the industrial plans for Germany). The Level of Industry plans for Germany were the effected Allied plans to lower and control German industrial potential after World War II. As part of this policy limits were placed on allowed production levels, and industries in the Saar were dismantled just as in the Ruhr, although mostly in the period prior to the detachment (see also the 1949 letter from the UK Foreign minister Ernest Bevin to the French Foreign minister Robert Schuman, urging a reconsideration of dismantling policy). Ernest Bevin ( 9 March 1881 - 14 April 1951) was a British labour leader politician and statesman best known for his time as Robert Schuman (29 June 1886 4 September 1963 was a noted French Statesman
The Saar Protectorate was headed by a military governor from 30 August 1945: Gilbert Yves Édmond Grandval (b. The Saar or Saar Area or Saar Protectorate or Saar Region was a French-German borderland territory twice temporarily made a protectorate 1904 - d. 1981), who remained on 1 January 1948 as High Commissioner, and January 1952 - June 1955 as the first of two French ambassadors, his successor being Eric de Carbonnel (b. High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking special executive positions held by a commission of appointment 1910 - d. 1965) until 1956. Saarland, however, was allowed a regional administration very soon, consecutively headed by:
- a President of the Government:
- 31 July 1945 - 8 June 1946: Hans Neureuther, Non-party
- a Chairman of the (until 15 December 1947, Provisional) Administration Commission:
- 8 June 1946 - 20 December 1947: Erwin Müller (b. 1906 - d. 1968), Non-party
- Minister-presidents (as in any Bundesland):
- 20 December 1947 - 29 October 1955 Johannes Hoffmann (b. 1890 - d. 1967), CVP
- 29 October 1955 - 10 January 1956 Heinrich Welsch (b. 1888 - d. 1976), Non-party
- 10 January 1956 - 4 June 1957 Hubert Ney (b. 1892 - d. 1984), CDU
In 1954, France and the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) developed a detailed plan called the Saarstatut to establish an independent Saarland, but a plebiscite rejected it by 67. The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. 7%. On October 27, 1956, the Saar Treaty established that Saarland should be allowed to join the Federal Republic of Germany, which it did on January 1, 1957. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) This was the last significant international border change in Europe until the fall of Communism. "Fall of Communism" redirects here For the fall of the Soviet Union itself see History of the Soviet Union (1985–1991.
The Saarland's reunification with the Federal Republic of Germany was sometimes referred to as the kleine Wiedervereinigung ("small reunification", in contrast with the post-Cold War re-absorption of the GDR). The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state Even after reunification, the Saar franc remained as the territory's currency, until West Germany's Deutsche Mark replaced it on July 7, 1959. The franc or Frank was the currency of Saarland between 1948 and 1957 Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Saar Treaty established that French, not English as in the rest of West Germany, should remain the first foreign language taught in Saarland schools; this provision is still largely followed today, although no longer binding. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States
Since 1971, Saarland is a member of SaarLorLux, a euroregion created of Saarland, Lorraine, Luxembourg, Rhineland Palatinate and the Walloon Region. The member regions Shared history The region of SaarLorLux was settled by the Celtic tribes of the Treveri and Mediomatrici. In European Politics, a Euroregion is a form of Transnational co-operation structure between two (or more territories located in different European Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz is one of the 16 federal states (German Bundesländer) of Germany. The Walloon Region, commonly called Wallonia, is one of the three Regions of Belgium.
Other
The Saar competed in the qualifying section of the 1954 football World Cup, but failed after coming second to West Germany but ahead of Norway. The Saarland national football team was the Association football team representing the German state of the Saarland from 1950 to 1956 during the French The 1954 FIFA World Cup, the fifth staging of the World Cup was held in Switzerland from June 16 to July 4. The German national football team (Die deutsche Fußballnationalmannschaft From 1950 to 1990 the team was also informally called West Germany in English as since The Norwegian national football team, controlled by the Norwegian Football Association, is the national football team of Norway. It also competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics (see Saar at the 1952 Summer Olympics). The 1952 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Helsinki, Finland A NOC of the Saarland was founded in spring of 1950 in the Saar protectorate which existed from 1947 to 1956 in the Saarland, a region of Western Germany
From 1920 to 1935, and then from 1947 to 1959, the inhabitants used postage stamps issued specially for the territory; see postage stamps and postal history of the Saar for details. A postage stamp is an adhesive paper evidence of pre-paying a fee for postal services This is a survey of the Postage stamps and Postal history of the German territory of the Saar.
In 1954, the Paris mint coined 10, 20, and 50 "franken" pieces. The following year a 100 franken was also minted. After reunification Saarland switched to the West German mark.
Between 1950 and 1956, Saarland was a member of the Council of Europe. The Council of Europe (Conseil de l'Europe is the oldest International organisation working towards European integration, being founded in 1949
Politics
Saarland has been governed by the rightist Christian Democratic Union since 1999. The Politics of Saarland takes place within a framework of a Federal Parliamentary Representative democratic Republic, where the Federal The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. In the most recent elections in 2004, the CDU increased its majority in the Saarland Landtag from 1 to 3. A Landtag ( Diet) is a representative assembly or Parliament in German-speaking countries with some legislative authority
Since the Saarland joined the Federal Republic of Germany, the CDU has governed the state for 37 out of 51 years, with the leftist Social Democratic Party of Germany ruling for the remaining fourteen years, thereof 14 years (1985-1998) with Oskar Lafontaine serving as minister-president. Oskar Lafontaine (ˈlafɔntɛn born September 16, 1943 in Saarlouis -Roden is a German Politician, former German finance minister
Language
Local dialect
People in the Saarland speak Rhine Franconian (in the southeast, very similar to that dialect spoken in the western part of the Palatinate) and Moselle Franconian (in the northwest, very similar to that dialect spoken along the river Mosel and the cities of Trier or even in Luxembourg), dialects of German. Rhine Franconian (German Rheinfränkisch) or Rhenish Franconian, is a Dialect family of West Central German. Moselle Franconian is a group of High German Dialects spoken in parts of the German states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate, Trier (Trèves Luxembourgish: Tréier; Augusta Treverorum is a City in Germany on the banks of the Moselle River. Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Outside of the Saarland, specifically the Rhine Franconian variant spoken in the Landeshauptstadt Saarbrücken is generally considered to be the Saarland dialect. Saarbrücken (ˈzaːɐ̯ˈbrʏkn in German; Sarrebruck is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. In general, both dialects are an integral part of the “Saarlandish” identity and thus a strong source of local patriotism.
Both dialects, even more so in their respective Saarland flavour, share many characteristic features, some of which will be explained below.
Women and girls are often referred to using the neuter grammatical gender, es, with the pronunciation being something like Ähs. In Linguistics, grammatical genders, sometimes also called Noun classes are classes of nouns reflected in the behavior of associated words every noun must belong Ähs hat mir's gesaat (it told me so, instead of she told me so; vs. High German: Sie hat es mir gesagt). This stems from the word Mädchen (girl) being neuter in German (es is correct in German when referring to words like Mädchen but would not be used by itself in reference to a woman).
The conjunctive in Rhine Franconian is normally composed with the words dääd (High German “tät” = “would do”) or gäng (“would go”) as auxiliary verbs: Isch dääd saan, dass. . . (“I would say that. . . ”) instead of the High German Ich würde sagen, dass. . . .
Declension is rather different:
- The genitive case does not exist at all and is entirely replaced by constructs with the dative case. In Linguistics, declension (or declination) is the occurrence of Inflection in Nouns Pronouns and Adjectives indicating In Grammar, the genitive case or possessive case (also called the second case) is the case that marks a Noun as modifying another The dative case is a Grammatical case generally used to indicate the Noun to whom something is given
- In most instances, a word is not altered when cast into the dative case. Exceptions are mostly pronouns. In Linguistics and Grammar, a pronoun is a Pro-form that substitutes for a (including a noun phrase consisting of a single Noun) with or
- The same holds for the accusative case. The accusative case ( abbreviated ACC) of a Noun is the Grammatical case used to mark the Direct object of a Transitive Even more so, it is accepted practice to use the nominative case instead of the accusative. The nominative case is a Grammatical case for a Noun, which generally marks the subject of a Verb, as opposed to its object or other
Diphthongs are almost non-existent. In Phonetics, a diphthong (also gliding vowel) (from Greek grc δίφθογγος "diphthongos" literally "with two sounds" or "with The Saarlandish variant of a High-German word that contains a diphthong usually will have a long vowel in its place. In Phonetics, a vowel is a Sound in spoken Language, such as English ah! or oh!, pronounced with an open Vocal tract Moreover, the vowels ö and ü do not exist in the dialect. They are generally replaced by e and i respectively.
French has had a considerable influence on the vocabulary, although the pronunciation of imported French words usually is quite different from their original. Popular examples comprise Trottwaa (from trottoir), Fissääl (from ficelle), and the imperative or greeting aalleh! (from allez!).
The English phrase My house is green is pronounced almost the same (in the Rhine Franconian variant): Mei Haus is grien. The main difference lies in the pronunciation of the r sound.
Regional beer brewer Karlsberg has taken advantage of the Saarlandish dialect to create clever advertising for its staple product, UrPils. Examples include a trio of men enjoying a beer, flanked by baby carriages, the slogan reading "Mutter schafft" (meaning "Mom's at work" in Saarlandish, but plays on the High German word "Mutterschaft", or "motherhood"); another depicts a trio of men at a bar, with one realizing his beer has been drunk by one of the others, the slogan reading "Kenner war's" (meaning "It was no one" [Keiner war es] in Saarlandish, but playing on the High German word "Kenner", or "connoisseur", translating to "It was a connoisseur"); a third shows an empty beer crate in the middle of outer space, the text reading "All" (meaning "empty" in Saarlandish, but playing on the same High German word meaning "outer space").
French
The French language has a long tradition and special standing in Saarland. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people This is not least due to the fact that France sought to incorporate the region into the French state shortly after World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Today, a large part of the population is able to speak French and it is offered as first foreign language at most schools[2]. Saarbrücken is also home to the bilingual "Deutsch-Französisches Gymnasium" (German-French grammar school) [3].
Sources and external links
- Official governmental portal
- Statistics office
- WorldStatesmen - Germany
- France, Germany and the Struggle for the War-making Natural Resources of the Rhineland Describes the contest for the Saar over the centuries.
References
- ^ State population. Portal of the Federal Statistics Office Germany. Retrieved on 2007-04-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
- ^ Kernlehrpläne - Gesamtschule | Saarland.de
- ^ http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsch-Franz%C3%B6sisches_Gymnasium
Dictionary
Saarland
-proper noun
- One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation.
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