S phase - Citizendia

The S phase, short for synthesis phase, is a period in the cell cycle during interphase, between G1 phase and the G2 phase. The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a eukaryotic cell leading to its replication Interphase is the phase of the Cell cycle in which the cell spends the majority of its time and performs the majority of its purposes including preparation for Cell The G1 phase is a period in the Cell cycle during Interphase, after Cytokinesis and before the S phase. G2 phase is the third final and usually the shortest subphase during interphase within the Cell cycle in which the cell undergoes a period of rapid growth to prepare Following G1, the cell enters the S stage, when DNA synthesis or replication occurs. Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) is a Nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known DNA synthesis commonly refers to DNA replication - DNA biosynthesis ( in vivo DNA amplification Polymerase chain reaction - DNA replication is the process of copying a double-stranded DNA molecule to form two double-stranded molecules At the beginning of the S stage, each chromosome is composed of one coiled DNA double helix molecule, which is called a chromatid. A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and Protein that is found in cells. In Geometry a double helix (plural helices) typically consists of two congruent helices with the same axis differing by a translation In Chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable electrically neutral group of at least two Atoms in a definite arrangement held together by A chromatid is one of two identical copies of DNA making up a replicated Chromosome, which are joined at their Centromeres for the process of Cell division At the end of this stage, each chromosome has two identical DNA double helix molecules, and therefore is composed of two sister chromatids. During S phase, the centrosome is also duplicated. In Cell biology, the centrosome is an Organelle that serves as the main Microtubule organizing center (MTOC of the animal cell as well These two events are unconnected, but require many of the same factors to progress. The end result is the existence of duplicated genetic material in the cell, which will eventually be divided into two.

Damage to DNA often takes place during this phase, and DNA repair is initiated following the completion of replication. DNA repair refers to a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its Genome. Incompletion of DNA repair may flag cell cycle checkpoints, which halts the cell cycle. Cell cycle checkpoints are control mechanisms that ensure the fidelity of cell division in Eukaryotic cells. However, after the cell has completeted this phase, it is very likely that the cell will continue on to complete the cell cycle. The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a eukaryotic cell leading to its replication

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