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STS-80 was a Space Shuttle mission flown by Space Shuttle Columbia. NASA 's Space Shuttle, officially called the Space Transportation System ( STS) is the Spacecraft currently used by the United States Space Shuttle Columbia ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space shuttle in NASA 's The landing was originally scheduled for October 31, but was bumped back to November 19 for several reasons. [1] Likewise, the landing, which was originally scheduled for December 5, was pushed back to December 7 after bad weather prevented landing for two days. [2] The mission was the longest Shuttle mission to date, at 17 days, 15 hours, and 53 minutes. [2] Although two spacewalks were planned for the mission, they were both canceled after problems with the airlock door prevented astronauts Tom Jones and Tammy Jernigan from exiting the orbiter.

STS-80
Mission insignia
Mission statistics
Mission name STS-80
Space Shuttle Columbia
Launch pad 39-B
Launch date November 19, 1996, 2:55:47 p. The Space Shuttle orbiters are the orbital Spacecraft of the Space Shuttle program operated by NASA, the space agency of the United States. Space Shuttle Columbia ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space shuttle in NASA 's Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) m EST
Landing December 7, 1996, 6:49:05 a. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) m. EST, KSC
Mission duration 17 days, 15 hours, 53 minutes
Orbital altitude 218 statute miles (351 km)
Orbital inclination 28. The John F Kennedy Space Center ( KSC) is the NASA Space vehicle launch facility and Launch Control Center ( Spaceport) on In Physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved path of one object around a point or another body for example the gravitational orbit of a planet around a star Inclination in general is the Angle between a Reference plane and another plane or axis of direction 45 degrees
Distance traveled Over 7 million statute miles (11 million km)
Crew photo
Related missions
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STS-79 STS-79 STS-81 STS-81

Contents

Crew

Mission parameters

Mission Highlights

Mission summary

STS-80 marked the third flight of the WSF that flew on STS-60 and STS-69 and the third flight to use the German-built Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph-Shuttle Pallet Satellite II (ORFEUS-SPAS II). STS-60 was the first mission of the US / Russian Shuttle-Mir Program, which carried the first Russian cosmonaut Sergei K STS-69 was a Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'' mission and the second flight of the Wake Shield Facility (WSF Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The ASTRO-SPAS program is a cooperative endeavor between NASA and the German Space Agency, DARA. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program The European Space Agency ( ESA) established in 1975 is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of space, currently with 17 member Both satellites were deployed and retrieved during the mission. STS-80 was the seventh and last Space Shuttle mission of 1996, the 21st flight of the orbiter Columbia and the 80th flight overall in NASA's Space Shuttle program. NASA 's Space Shuttle, officially called the Space Transportation System ( STS) is the Spacecraft currently used by the United States Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Columbia last flew on mission STS-78 in the summer of 1996. STS-78 was the fifth dedicated Life and Microgravity Spacelab mission for the Space Shuttle program, flown partly in preparation for the International Space

Other experiments on STS-80 are the Space Experiment Module (SEM), The National Institutes of Health NIH-R4 Experiment, a series of bone cell experiments known as CCM-A (formerly called STL/NIH-C-6), the Biological Research in Canister (BRIC-09) Experiment, the Commercial MDA ITA Experiment (CMIX-5), the Visualization in an Experimental Water Capillary pumped Loop (VIEW-CPL) Experiment.

ORFEUS-SPAS II, a free-flying satellite, was deployed and retrieved using the Space Shuttle Columbia's Remote Manipulator System (RMS). The goal of this astrophysics mission was to investigate the rarely explored far- and extreme-ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and study the very hot and very cold matter in the universe.

ORFEUS-SPAS II attempted a large number of observing programs. Among the many areas in which scientists hoped to gain new insights during this mission were the evolution of stars, the structure of galaxies, and the nature of the interstellar medium, and others. Many of the objects they are planning to look at have never before been observed in the far-ultraviolet.

ASTRO-SPAS was a carrier designed for launch, deployment and retrieval by the Space Shuttle. Once deployed from the Shuttle's RMS, ASTRO-SPAS will operate quasi-autonomously for 14 days in the vicinity of the Shuttle. The carrier's inclination will be 28. 4 degrees with an altitude of 218 statute miles (351 km). After completion of the free flight phase, the satellite will be retrieved by the RMS, returned to the Shuttle cargo bay and returned to Earth.

ORFEUS-SPAS-2 photographed during approach by the Columbia for retrieval
ORFEUS-SPAS-2 photographed during approach by the Columbia for retrieval

The one-meter diameter ORFEUS-Telescope with the Far Ultraviolet (FUV) Spectrograph and the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Spectrograph comprises the main payload. Space Shuttle Columbia ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space shuttle in NASA 's A secondary, but highly complementary, payload is the Interstellar Medium Absorption Profile Spectrograph (IMAPS). In addition to the astronomy payloads, ORFEUS-SPAS II carries the Surface Effects Sample Monitor (SESAM), the ATV Rendezvous Pre-Development Project (ARP), and the Student Experiment on ASTRO-SPAS (SEAS).

The free-flying Wake Shield Facility (WSF-3) will be making its third flight into orbit. Wake Shield Facility is an experimental science platform that was placed in low-earth orbit by the Space Shuttle. The Facility is a 12 foot (3. 7 m) diameter, free-flying stainless steel disk designed to generate an "ultra-vacuum" environment in space in which to grow semiconductor thin films for use in advanced electronics. The STS-80 astronaut crew will deploy and retrieve the WSF during the 16 day mission using Columbia's "robot arm," or Remote Manipulator System. Wake Shield is sponsored by the Space Processing Division in NASA's Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications. Wake Shield was designed, built and is operated by the Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center at the University of Houston--a NASA Commercial Space Center--in conjunction with its industrial partner, Space Industries, Inc. Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center is the 8000 square feet of laboratory space in 3 buildings on the University of Houston campus The University of Houston (often referred to as " U of H," " UH," or " Houston " is a public doctoral/research , also in Houston.

Wake Shield has flown twice before. The first flight on STS-60, in 1994, although experiencing a hardware problem that resulted in the vehicle remaining attached to the robot arm, proved the vacuum wake concept, and realized the space epitaxy concept by growing the first-ever crystalline semiconductor thin films in the vacuum of space. STS-60 was the first mission of the US / Russian Shuttle-Mir Program, which carried the first Russian cosmonaut Sergei K Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)

Astronauts Tammy Jernigan and Tom Jones had to perform two six-hour spacewalks during STS-80, one on Flight Day 10 and another on Day 12, to evaluate equipment and procedures that will be used during construction and maintenance of the International Space Station. Tamara Elizabeth "Tammy" Jernigan PhD (born May 7, 1959, in Chattanooga Tennessee) is an American scientist and former NASA Thomas David Jones (born January 22, 1955) is a United States astronaut

The spacewalks should have the fifth in a continuing series of Extravehicular Activities (EVAs) called the EVA Development Flight Tests (EDFT). This flight test series of spacewalks is designed to evaluate equipment and procedures planned for the station and to build spacewalking experience in preparation for assembly of the station. Jernigan is designated Extravehicular Crewmember 1 (EV- 1) and will be distinguished by red bands worn on the legs of her spacesuit. Jones is designated EV-2. Astronaut Story Musgrave should have served as the Intravehicular (IV) crewmember, assisting Jernigan and Jones from inside Columbia's crew cabin. STS-80 Pilot Kent Rominger also had to assist with the spacewalks, controlling the robotic arm from inside the cabin. Kent Vernon Rominger (b August 7, 1956) is a former American Astronaut, former Chief of the NASA Astronaut Office at Johnson

Both spacewalks were cancelled due to problems with the airlock.

The astronauts also should have evaluated a variety of work aids and tools designed for use during station operations, including a Body Restraint Tether (BRT), a type of "third hand" stabilizing bar for spacewalkers; a Multi-Use Tether (MUT), a type of stabilizing tether similar to the BRT that can be anchored to either round U. S. handrails or square Russian handrails; and a power tool designed for the station.

Space Experiment Module (SEM) is a NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Shuttle Small Payloads Project education initiative that provides increased educational access to space. The program targets kindergarten through university level participants. SEM stimulates and encourages direct student participation in the creation, development, and flight of zero-gravity and microgravity experiments on the Space Shuttle.

The SEM system provides reusable modules for experiments within a 5 cubic foot (142 L) Getaway Special Canister. NASA 's Getaway Special program conceived by NASA's Shuttle Program manager John Yardley officially known as the Small Self-Contained Payloads program offers interested The system uses a Goddard-provided internal support structure, battery, power distribution system, data sampling and storage device and harness. Experiments may be active (requiring power to run mechanisms) or passive (having no mechanisms or requiring no power). Customized data sampling schemes are programmed before flight for each experiment, and data reduction and processing are completed after flight.

During this lengthy flight a very strange event occurred that even had crewman Dr. Story Musgrave unable to explain what he observed from the shuttle windows. A large disc shaped object appeared below the Columbia. Dr. Musgrave stated he attempted to communicate with ET life forms during each of his six missions. During a recent astronomy presentation by Dr. Musgrave, he made this surprising comment: "These guys are real. . . I guarantee it!" The Canadian National News Paper

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ a b c d http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-80.html
  2. ^ a b http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-80/sts-80-day-19-highlights.html
  3. ^ http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-80/sts-80-day-02-highlights.html
  4. ^ http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-80/sts-80-day-16-highlights.html
  5. ^ http://www.cnn.com/2008/LIVING/studentnews/02/07/one.sheet.space.shuttle/index.html
  6. ^ http://www.spacestory.com/storyf.htm
  7. ^ http://spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts124/fdf/currentdemo.html
  8. ^ http://lmtonline.com/news/archive/100398/pagea9.pdf
Space science is an all-encompassing term that describes all of the various science fields that are concerned with the study of the Universe, generally also meaning "excluding NASA 's Space Shuttle, officially called the Space Transportation System ( STS) is the Spacecraft currently used by the United States Naming in the US Space Shuttle (STS program The shuttle is officially referred to as the Space Transportation System (STS These chronological lists include all crewed spaceflights that reached an altitude of at least 100 km (the FAI definition of spaceflight or were launched with that intention but failed
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