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STS-43
Mission insignia
Mission statistics
Mission name STS-43
Space Shuttle Atlantis
Launch pad 39-A
Launch date August 2, 1991, 11:01:59 a. The Space Shuttle orbiters are the orbital Spacecraft of the Space Shuttle program operated by NASA, the space agency of the United States. Space Shuttle Atlantis ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-104 is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. m. EDT
Landing August 11, 1991, 8:23:25 a. Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. m. EDT, Runway 15, Kennedy Space Center, Fla
Mission duration 8 days, 21 hours, 21 minutes, 25 seconds
Orbital altitude 174 nautical miles (322 km)
Orbital inclination 28. In Physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved path of one object around a point or another body for example the gravitational orbit of a planet around a star Inclination in general is the Angle between a Reference plane and another plane or axis of direction 45 degrees
Distance traveled 3,700,400 miles (5,955,217 km)
Crew photo
Related missions
Previous mission Next mission
STS-40 STS-40 STS-48 STS-48

STS-43, the ninth mission for Space Shuttle Atlantis, was a nine-day mission whose primary goal was launching the fourth Tracking and Data Relay Satellite, TDRS-E. STS-40, the eleventh launch of Space Shuttle ''Columbia'', was a nine-day mission STS-48 was a Space Shuttle ''Discovery'' mission that launched on September 12, 1991, from Kennedy Space Center, Florida NASA 's Space Shuttle, officially called the Space Transportation System ( STS) is the Spacecraft currently used by the United States Space Shuttle Atlantis ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-104 is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of A Tracking and Data Relay Satellite ( TDRS) is one of a network of Communications satellites of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS used

Contents

Crew

Mission parameters

Mission highlights

The launch took place on August 2, 1991, 11:01:59 a. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. m. EDT. Launch was originally set for July 23 but was moved to July 24 to allow time to replace a faulty integrated electronics assembly that controls orbiter/external tank separation. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Mission postponed again about five hours before liftoff on July 24 due to a faulty main engine controller on number three main engine. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Controller replaced and retested; launch reset for August 1. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Liftoff set for 11:01 a. m. delayed due to cabin pressure vent valve reading and postponed at 12:28 p. m. due to unacceptable return-to-launch site weather conditions. Launch reset for August 2. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Launch weight: 259,374 lb (117,650 kg).

TDRS-E deployment from STS-43
TDRS-E deployment from STS-43

Primary payload, Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-5 (TDRS-5 or TDRS-E) attached to an Inertial Upper Stage (IUS), deployed about six hours into flight, and IUS propelled satellite into geosynchronous orbit; TDRS-5 becomes fourth member of orbiting TDRS cluster. A Tracking and Data Relay Satellite ( TDRS) is one of a network of Communications satellites of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS used The Inertial Upper Stage or IUS is a two-stage solid-fueled booster rocket developed by NASA and the U Secondary payloads were Space Station Heat Pipe Advanced Radiator Element II (SHARE II); Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultra-Violet (SSBUV) instrument; Tank Pressure Control Equipment (TPCE) and Optical Communications Through Windows (OCTW). Other experiments included Auroral Photography Experiment (APE-B) Protein Crystal Growth Ill (PCG Ill); Bioserve / Instrumentation Technology Associates Materials Dispersion Apparatus (BIMDA); Investigations Into Polymer Membrane Processing (IPMP); Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS); Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE); Ultraviolet Plume imager (UVPI); and the Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS) experiment.

TDRS E, which became TDRS-5 on orbit, was successfully boosted to geosynchronous orbit at more than 22,000 miles (35,400 km) above Earth by two firings of the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) booster, the last of which occurred approximately 12½ hours into the mission. TDRS then deployed its antennas and solar panels, and separation from the IUS took place less than 45 minutes later.

The TDRS network of satellites provides the vital communication link between Earth and low-orbiting spacecraft such as the Space Shuttle. Until the STS-43 deployment, there were three TDRS spacecraft on orbit above the equator: two were in the west position over the Pacific Ocean, southwest of Hawaii. TDRS-4 is in the east position over the northeast corner of Brazil. TDRS-B was lost in the Challenger accident in 1986. After STS-43, the two satellites in the west became on-orbit spares; TDRS-5, after activation, checkout and calibration, officially became the primary provider of services in the west location on October 7, 1991. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. It is stationed at 175 degrees west longitude.

Previously, orbiting spacecraft could communicate with Earth only when in sight of a ground tracking station — about 15 percent of each orbit. The TDRS network allows communication from 85 to 100 percent of an orbit, depending on the spacecraft's altitude.

The crew was kept busy with the operation of varied experiments during the nine-day flight. The Space Station Heat Pipe Advanced Radiator Element II (SHARE-II) experiment tested a natural cooling process for transferring thermal energy that could serve as a cooling system for Space Station Freedom. The Solid Surface Combustion Experiment provided some answers about how fire behaves in microgravity. The crew also activated other previously flown materials science experiments and participated in medical experiments in support of long-duration flights. One test showed that optical fibers could provide video and audio links between the flight deck and the payload bay.

Crew members in space and flight controllers on the ground demonstrated their ingenuity when they adapted a camera part to replace one that had not been packed for the mission.

The crew experienced some minor problems, none of them critical to the safety or success of the mission. A cooling system for Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) 2 failed to activate during an on-orbit test. APU 2 is one of three redundant systems which provide hydraulic pressurization to orbiter steering systems during entry and landing. APU 2 was still available for use in landing.

Landing: August 11, 1991, 8:23:25 a. Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. m. EDT, Runway 15, Kennedy Space Center, FL. The John F Kennedy Space Center ( KSC) is the NASA Space vehicle launch facility and Launch Control Center ( Spaceport) on Rollout distance: 9,890 feet. Rollout time: 60 seconds. First landing scheduled at KSC since 61-C in January 1986 (which was diverted to Edwards). STS-61-C was the twenty-fourth mission of the Space Shuttle, and the seventh mission of ''Columbia''. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Landing weight: 196,088 lb (88,944 kg).

Mission insignia

The four stars on the top-left and three stars on the top-right of the insignia symbolize the flight's numerical designation in the Space Transportation System's mission sequence.

See also

External links

Space science is an all-encompassing term that describes all of the various science fields that are concerned with the study of the Universe, generally also meaning "excluding NASA 's Space Shuttle, officially called the Space Transportation System ( STS) is the Spacecraft currently used by the United States Naming in the US Space Shuttle (STS program The shuttle is officially referred to as the Space Transportation System (STS These chronological lists include all crewed spaceflights that reached an altitude of at least 100 km (the FAI definition of spaceflight or were launched with that intention but failed
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