An aerial view of the SS Normandie
Career (France)
Name:	SS Normandie
Owner:	Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
Builder:	Penhoët, Saint Nazaire, France
Laid down:	January 26 1931
Launched:	October 29, 1932
Christened:	October 29, 1932
Maiden voyage:	May 29, 1935
Fate:	Caught fire, capsized at Pier 88 in the New York Passenger Ship Terminal in New York City in 1942; wreck remained on site throughout WWII, and was sold for scrap on October 3rd 1946
General characteristics
Tonnage:	79,280/83,423 gross tons
Displacement:	71,300 tons (approx)
Length:	1,029 feet (312. See also the St Nazaire Raid Saint-Nazaire ( Breton: Sant-Nazer) is a town and ''commune'' in the Loire-Atlantique département This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The New York Passenger Ship Terminal (also known as the Luxury Liner Row or Manhattan Cruise Terminal or New York Cruise Terminal) is terminal for ocean The City of New York 81m)
Beam:	119. 4 ft (36. 4 m) ship length between perpendiculars=292. 44metres
Height:	184 ft (56. 1 m)
Draft:	37. 00 ft (11. 3 m)
Decks:	12
Installed power:	Four Turbo-electric, total 160,000 hp (200,000 hp max). turbo-electric transmission uses Electric generators to convert the mechanical energy of a Turbine ( steam or gas) into electric energy and
Propulsion:	Four 3- (later 4-) bladed, 23 tons each
Speed:	Designed speed 29 knots (54 km/h), max speed recorded 32. 2 knots (59. 6 km/h)
Capacity:	1,972: 848 First Class (cabin), 670 Tourist Class, 454 Third Class
Crew:	1,345

SS Normandie was a French ocean liner built in Saint-Nazaire France for Compagnie Générale Transatlantique. A ship prefix is a combination of letters usually abbreviations used in front of the name of a civilian or naval Ship. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. An ocean liner is a ship designed to transport people from one Seaport to another along regular long-distance Maritime routes according to a schedule See also the St Nazaire Raid Saint-Nazaire ( Breton: Sant-Nazer) is a town and ''commune'' in the Loire-Atlantique département This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (shortened to " CIE When launched in 1932 she was the largest and fastest ship in the world, and she maintains the distinction of being the most powerful steam turbo-electric propelled passenger ship ever built. A ship /ʃɪp/ is a large vessel that floats on water Ships are generally distinguished from Boats based on size Uses A Steam engine uses the expansion of steam in order to drive a Piston or Turbine to perform Mechanical work. turbo-electric transmission uses Electric generators to convert the mechanical energy of a Turbine ( steam or gas) into electric energy and ^[1] Her novel design features and lavish interiors have led many to consider her the greatest of all ocean liners. ^[1][2] Despite this, she was not a commercial success,^[2] and relied partly on government subsidy to operate. During her service career as the flagship of the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT, or French Line), she regularly sailed transatlantic crossings between her home port of Le Havre and the port of New York. flagship is the lead ship in a fleet of vessels a designation given on account of being either the largest fastest newest most heavily armed or for publicity purposes the most well Le Havre is a city in the northwest region of France situated on the right bank of the mouth of the Seine River as it outlets into the Bay of the Seine The City of New York

In 1942, while being converted to a troopship during World War II, Normandie caught fire, capsized, and sank at the New York Passenger Ship Terminal. A troopship (also troop ship or troop transport or trooper) is a Ship used to carry Soldiers either in peacetime or wartime World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The New York Passenger Ship Terminal (also known as the Luxury Liner Row or Manhattan Cruise Terminal or New York Cruise Terminal) is terminal for ocean Although she was salvaged at great expense, restoration was deemed too costly, and she was scrapped in October 1946. ^[3]

Contents 1 Origin 2 Construction and launch 3 Interior 4 Career 5 Demise 5.1 "A Lady Fights Back" 6 Influences 6.1 Memorabilia 7 Views of the SS Normandie 8 See also 9 References 10 External links

Origin

The beginnings of Normandie can be traced to the Roaring Twenties when shipping companies started to look for new ships to replace the aging veterans, such as the RMS Mauretania which had first sailed in 1907. Roaring Twenties is a phrase used to describe the 1920s principally in North America, that emphasizes the period's social artistic and cultural dynamism Beginning In 1897 the German liner became the largest and fastest ship in the world Those earlier ships had been designed around the huge numbers of steerage-class immigrants coming from Europe to the United States; when the U. S. closed the door on most immigration in the early 1920s, steamship companies ordered vessels built to serve middle-class tourists instead, particularly Americans who travelled to Europe for alcohol-fuelled fun during Prohibition. Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol ^[2] Companies like Cunard and White Star Line planned to build their own super-liners^[3] to rival the newer ships on the scene. Cunard may refer to Nancy Cunard (1896–1965 English writer editor and publisher Samuel Cunard (1787–1865 British shipping The Oceanic Steam Navigation Company or White Star Line of Boston Packets, more commonly known as the White Star Line, was a prominent British Shipping These new ships included the record-breaking Bremen and Europa, both German ships. History Bremen and her sister were designed to have a cruising speed of 27 History Europa and her sister were designed to have a cruising speed of 27 ^[2] The French Line was not to be left out of this new race and soon began to plan their own supership. The Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (shortened to " CIE ^[1]

At the time, the French Line's flagship was the Ile de France, which had modern Art Deco interiors but a relatively conservative hull design. Construction and launch The construction of the Ile de France was part of the agreement between the French Line and the French government dating back to November Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial The designers intended to construct their new ship similar to French Line ships of the past, but then they were approached by Vladimir Yourkevitch, a former ship architect for the Imperial Russian Navy before the revolution who had emigrated to France. Vladimir Ivanovich Yourkevitch (Владимир Иванович Юркевич also spelled Yurkevich 1885 - December 13 1964) was a Russian The Imperial Russian Navy refers to the Tsarist Fleets prior to the Bolshevik Revolution. His ideas included a slanting clipper-like bow and a bulbous forefoot beneath the waterline in combination with a slim hull, a design which worked wonderfully in his scale model. ^[1][3] Model tests supported his design's performance advantages. The French engineers were so impressed that they asked Yourkevitch to join their project. Reportedly, Yourkevitch also approached the Cunard Line with his ideas, but was rejected on the grounds that the new bow shape was too radical. ^[1][2]

Construction and launch

Work began on the ship (not yet named Normandie) in January 1931, soon after the terrifying stock market crash of 1929. A stock market crash is a sudden dramatic decline of Stock prices across a significant cross-section of a Stock market. While the French continued construction, the competing White Star Line's ship (intended as Oceanic) – started before the crash – had to be cancelled and the Cunard ship was put on hold, both because their financing, organized before the crash, ran into trouble. The Oceanic Steam Navigation Company or White Star Line of Boston Packets, more commonly known as the White Star Line, was a prominent British Shipping In the 1920s the White Star Line gave the shipbuilders Harland and Wolff the commission to build the first -long Ocean liner, with the planned name of Oceanic Naming and construction With Germany launching their and into service the British did not want to be left out in this ship building race ^[3] Soon, the French builders also ran into difficulty, and had to ask their government for money to continue construction, a subsidy that was questioned in the press. Still, the building was followed heavily by newspapers and national interest was deep. ^[3] Though she was designed to represent France in the nation-state contest of the great liners, and though she was built in a French shipyard and, using French-built major parts including the 29 boilers, the turbines, generators and even the 4 massive engines (designed by Alsthom, which later worked on the Queen Mary 2), a few secondary parts of her came from other European countries - e. Alstom ( is a large French multinational conglomerate which holds interests in the power generation and Transport markets Characteristics The Queen Mary 2 is the current Cunard Flagship and makes regular Transatlantic crossings g. , the ship's great rudder was built by Skoda Works in Czechoslovakia,^[3] while the steering mechanism, including the teak wheel, came from Edinburgh. A rudder is a device used to steer a Ship, Boat, Submarine, Hovercraft, or other conveyance that move through a fluid (generally air or For the car manufacturer see Škoda Auto Škoda Works ( Czech: Škodovy závody; today Škoda Holding a Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Teak ( Tectona) is a genus of tropical Hardwood Trees in the family Verbenaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. ^[3]

As construction went on, the growing hull in Saint-Nazaire had no name except for "T-6" (with "6" for "6th" and "T" for "Transat", short for "CIE. GLE. TRANSATLANTIQUE" aka the "French Line"), the contract name. See also the St Nazaire Raid Saint-Nazaire ( Breton: Sant-Nazer) is a town and ''commune'' in the Loire-Atlantique département The Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (shortened to " CIE The Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (shortened to " CIE Many names were suggested including Doumer, after the recently assassinated president Paul Doumer, and originally, La Belle France. President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. Joseph Athanase Paul Doumer, commonly known as Paul Doumer (22 March 1857 7 May 1932 was the President of France from 13 June 1931 until his assassination ^[3] Finally the name Normandie was decided upon after much speculation. In what may be a unique quirk of French nomenclature, the name carries no definite article. In France, ship prefixes are customarily masculine,^[3] inherited from the French terms for ship, which can be "paquebot", "navire", "bateau", "bâtiment", etc. (including le "France" which is not grammatically correct); but English speakers usually refer to ships as feminine ("she's a beauty"), and the French Line carried many rich American customers. Construction Laid down in February 1909 the new liner was to be a marvel of French engineering After discussion, French Line officials announced that their ship was to be called simply "Normandie," preceded by no "le" or "la" (French masculine/feminine for "the") to avoid any confusion. ^[3]

On October 29, 1932 – three years to the day after the stock market crash – Normandie was launched in front of 200,000 spectators. A stock market crash is a sudden dramatic decline of Stock prices across a significant cross-section of a Stock market. ^[3] The 27,567 ton hull that slid into the Loire River was the largest ever launched and it caused a large wave that crashed into a few hundred people, but with no injury. The Loire River (lwaʁ in French) is the longest River in France. Normandie was outfitted until early 1935, meaning all her interior, funnels, engines, etc. were put in to make her into a working vessel. Finally, in April 1935, Normandie was ready for her trials, which were watched by reporters. The superiority of Vladimir Yourkevitch's hull design was immediately visible: hardly a wave was created. Vladimir Ivanovich Yourkevitch (Владимир Иванович Юркевич also spelled Yurkevich 1885 - December 13 1964) was a Russian The ship demonstrated impressive performance during these trials, reaching a top speed of 32. 2 knots (59. 6 km/h)^[1] and performing an emergency stop from that speed in only 1,700 meters.

One of the most famous posters of Normandie was made by Adolphe Mouron Cassandre who was a Russian emigrant to France, like Yourkevitch himself. Adolphe Mouron Cassandre ( January 24, 1901 &ndash June 17, 1968) was an influential Ukrainian - French

Interior

The luxurious interiors of Normandie were marvels of Art Déco and the Streamline Moderne style. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial Streamline Moderne, sometimes referred to by either name alone was a late branch of the Art Deco design style Many of her sculptures and wall paintings made indirect or direct allusions to Normandy, the province of France for which she was named. Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. ^[1] Drawings and photographs from the era show a series of vast public rooms of great elegance. The children's dining room was decorated by Jean de Brunhoff, who covered the walls with Babar the Elephant and his entourage. Jean de Brunhoff ( December 9, 1899 &ndash October 16, 1937) was a French writer and illustrator known for co-creating Babar Babar the Elephant is a very popular French children's Fictional character who first appeared in L'Histoire de Babar by Jean de Brunhoff ^[1] Indeed, the interior was quite dazzling but perhaps the most dazzling was the first class dining room.

Three hundred and five feet long, 46 feet (14 m) wide and 28 feet (8. 5 m) high, this was by far the largest room afloat. Passengers entered the dining room through 20-foot (6. 1 m) tall doors adorned with bronze medallions by the artist Raymond Subes. ^[1] The ten medallions featured French castles, cathedrals, and the French ocean liner SS Ile de France. Construction and launch The construction of the Ile de France was part of the agreement between the French Line and the French government dating back to November The medallions and dining room door elements survive today as part of the Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Catholic Church. in Brooklyn Heights, at the corner of Remsen and Henry, having been sold at auction in 1945. ^[1]

This first class dining room could seat 700 diners at a time with 150 tables, serving them with some of the best meals in the world. This ship was a floating promotion of the most sophisticated French cuisine of the period. French cuisine is a style of cooking derived from the nation of France. However due to the design of the ship, no natural lighting could get in. The designers illuminated the room with twelve tall pillars of Lalique glass and along the walls stood 38 columns equally bright. René Jules Lalique was born in Ay Marne, Marne, France on April 6, 1860, and died May 5, 1945. ^[1] In addition, two chandeliers hung at each end of the room. From this gorgeous display of lights came the nickname "Ship of Light"^[4] (similar to Paris as the '"City of Light"). Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The French Line marketed the dining room as longer than the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. Versailles (vɛʀsaj in French) formerly de facto capital of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important ^[1][3]

A popular feature was a cafe which led to the grand salon, one of the most popular rooms on board which would be transformed into a nightclub during voyages. In addition, Normandie boasted both an indoor and outdoor pool (the second ship to have one, after the Italian liner Rex), a chapel and a theatre which could function as both a stage and cinema. History Following North German Lloyd 's successful capture of the Blue Riband with its and duo of ocean liners the Rex was intended to be Italy's effort to ^[1][3]

The interiors were filled with long perspectives and spectacular entryways such as long, wide staircases in order to give a suitable frame to the many upper middle-class ladies who saw an Atlantic crossing as a way to show off their clothes and jewels, and sometimes their husbands.

First-class suites on the Normandie were given unique individual designs by a team of renowned designers. The most luxurious accommodations on the ship were the Deauville and Trouville apartments,^[3] which came with their own dining rooms, baby grand pianos, multiple bedrooms, and private deck. ^[4] A disproportionate amount of public space was devoted to the first-class passengers, including the dining room, first-class lounge, grille room, first class swimming pool, theatre, winter garden, and other amenities. ^[3] The first class swimming pool featured staggered depths, and a training 'beach' with very little depth for children. ^[4]

In addition to a novel hull shape which made it possible for her to attain her great speed at lesser power expenditure than that of the other big liners, Normandie was filled with technical feats. She had turbo-electric engines which improved fuel efficiency and made control and maintenance much easier. The machinery of the top deck and forecastle, normally an eyesore or an annoyance for passengers on the other liners, had been integrated within the ship, concealing it completely and releasing nearly all of the exposed deck space for the passengers' use. ^[3] An early form of radar was installed to detect icebergs and other ships. Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships ^[3] The voluminous nature of her public rooms, particularly in first class, were made possible by having the funnel intakes split and pass along the sides of the ship, rather than straight upward, to allow room for lounges and other features to have an uninterrupted space. ^[3]

Career

After more fitting out and final touches, the maiden voyage came on May 29, 1935. Maiden Voyage is the fifth Album led by Jazz musician Herbie Hancock, and was recorded by Rudy Van Gelder in 1965 for Blue Note Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Fifty thousand people came to Le Havre to see the large ship off, on what was hoped would be a record-breaking crossing. Le Havre is a city in the northwest region of France situated on the right bank of the mouth of the Seine River as it outlets into the Bay of the Seine ^[3] And indeed it was. Normandie reached New York after just four days, three hours and fourteen minutes, thus snatching away the Blue Riband from the Italian liner Rex. For use of the related term "Blue Ribbon" see Blue ribbon (disambiguation. History Following North German Lloyd 's successful capture of the Blue Riband with its and duo of ocean liners the Rex was intended to be Italy's effort to ^[3] This prize was a source of great pride for the French. They had watched other countries gain this prestigious award year after year but had never had it themselves, until Normandie. Under the leadership of her master, Captain Rene Pugnet, her average speed on the maiden voyage was around 30 knots (56 km/h) and on the eastbound crossing to France she averaged over 30 knots (56 km/h), shattering records on the way. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

At the time of her maiden voyage, the French Line publicly refused to predict that their new flagship would win the Blue Riband. However, by the time the ship reached New York, commemorative medallions of the Blue Riband victory, made in France, were delivered to the passengers, and the ship was flying a 30-foot (9. 1 m) long blue pennant. ^[2][3]

With the Blue Riband hers, Normandie had a successful year but come 1936 a new ship was on the scene. For use of the related term "Blue Ribbon" see Blue ribbon (disambiguation. The RMS Queen Mary, Cunard's superliner, entered service in the summer of 1936. Naming and construction With Germany launching their and into service the British did not want to be left out in this ship building race Cunard may refer to Nancy Cunard (1896–1965 English writer editor and publisher Samuel Cunard (1787–1865 British shipping They had announced the Queen Mary would surpass 80,000 tons. At 79,280 gross tons, Normandie would in that case lose the prestigious title of being the world’s largest liner to her British rival. Therefore, the French Line decided to increase Normandie’s size, mainly through the addition of an enclosed tourist lounge on the aft boat deck. ^[3] Following these and a few other alterations, Normandie was re-measured at 83,423 gross tons. Exceeding the Queen Mary by some 2,000 tons, she would remain the world’s largest in terms of overall measured gross tonnage. However in August of that year, the Queen Mary captured the Blue Riband from the Normandie averaging 30. For use of the related term "Blue Ribbon" see Blue ribbon (disambiguation. 14 knots (55. 82 km/h), thus starting a fierce rivalry. ^[2]

During her refit, the Normandie was also modified to address problems of vibration. Her triple-bladed screws were replaced with quadruple-bladed ones, and structural modifications were made to her lower aft section to reduce the occurrence of vibration. These modifications successfully reduced the problem of vibration at speed. ^[1][3]

In July of 1937 Normandie regained the Blue Riband once more, but the Queen Mary took it back the next year. After this the captain of Normandie sent a message to the British liner saying "Bravo to the Queen Mary until next time!" This rivalry could have gone on into the 1940s but was unfortunately put to a halt due to World War II, ensuring that there would be no 'next time'. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

In her short lived but prosperous life, Normandie was able to carry a number of distinguished passengers, including the French author Colette, the wife of French President Albert Lebrun,^[3] and film stars such as Marlene Dietrich, Cary Grant, and James Stewart. Colette was the pen name of the French Novelist Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette ( January 28 1873 &ndash August 3 Albert Lebrun (29 August 1871 6 March 1950 was a French Politician, President of France from 1932 to 1940 and as such was the last president of the Marlene Dietrich maɐˈleːnə ˈdiːtrɪç (December 27 &ndashMay 6) was a German -born American Actress, Singer and Entertainer James Stewart may refer to Actors James Stewart (actor (1908&ndash1997 Hollywood movie actor and USAF Brigadier General ^[1] The Normandie also carried the von Trapp family Singers (the real family that The Sound of Music was based upon) from New York to Southampton in 1938, and from Southampton, the family proceeded to Scandinavia for a tour before eventually returning to America. Korvettenkapitän Georg Ritter von Trapp (April 4 1880 – May 30 1947 headed the Austrian singing family portrayed in The Sound of Music

During her career, the French Line considered building a sister ship, named the SS Bretagne, which was to be longer and larger than the Normandie, but the outbreak of war and finances prevented this from occurring. ^[1]

Demise

The outbreak of war found Normandie in New York Harbor. Soon the Queen Mary docked near Normandie. She would later be refitted to become a troop ship. In addition, the newly launched RMS Queen Elizabeth docked nearby, so for two weeks the three largest liners in the world were docked side by side. Maiden voyage At the start of World War II the Queen Elizabeth had been launched and was still in the process of fitting out ^[3] Soon, the Queens left and Normandie was left alone. In 1940, after the Fall of France, the United States seized the ship under the right of angary. In World War II, the Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Angary ( Lat jus angariae; Fr droit d'angarie; Ger Angarie; from the Gr

By 1941, the United States Navy decided to convert Normandie into a troopship, and renamed her USS Lafayette (AP-53), in reference to the historical American-French alliance. A troopship (also troop ship or troop transport or trooper) is a Ship used to carry Soldiers either in peacetime or wartime SS Normandie See also SS Normandie The French turbo-electric quadruple-screw liner Normandie was laid down on 26 January 1931 In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Earlier proposals included turning the vessel into an aircraft carrier, but this modification was judged to be too extensive and difficult. ^[1] The ship was moored at Manhattan's Pier 88 for the conversion. The New York Passenger Ship Terminal (also known as the Luxury Liner Row or Manhattan Cruise Terminal or New York Cruise Terminal) is terminal for ocean On 9 February 1942, sparks from a welding torch ignited a stack of thousands of life vests filled with kapok, a highly flammable material, that had been stored in the first-class dining room. For the children's book see The Great Kapok Tree. Kapok ( Ceiba pentandra) is a tropical Tree of the order ^[1][3] The woodwork had not yet been removed, and the fire spread rapidly. The ship had a very efficient fire protection system, but it had been disconnected during the conversion, and the New York City fire department's hoses did not fit the ship's French inlets. ^[1] All on board fled the vessel. As firefighters on shore and in fire boats poured water on the blaze, the ship developed a dangerous list to port due to the greater amount of water being pumped into the seaward side of the vessel by fireboats. About 2:45 a. m. on 10 February, Lafayette capsized, nearly crushing a fire boat. The common definition for capsized refers to when a Boat or Ship is tipped over until disabled The ship's designer Vladimir Yourkevitch had been at the scene, and offered his expertise, but was barred from entering by local harbor police. Vladimir Ivanovich Yourkevitch (Владимир Иванович Юркевич also spelled Yurkevich 1885 - December 13 1964) was a Russian ^[1][3] His suggestion was to enter the vessel and open the sea-cocks. This would flood the lower decks of the ship and cause it to settle the few feet to the bottom of the dock. Thus stabilised, water could be pumped into the burning areas without the risk of capsize - however the suggestion was denied by port director Admiral Adolphus Andrews.

The ship was truncated and finally righted in 1943 in the world's most expensive salvage operation. It was subsequently determined the cost of restoring her was too great. After neither the US Navy nor the French Line offered to do so, Yourkevitch, made a last-ditch proposal to cut the ship down and restore her as a mid-sized passenger liner. ^[3] This, too, failed to draw backing, and the hulk of Normandie was sold for a mere $161,680 to Lipsett Inc. , an American salvage company. She was scrapped on October 1946. ^[3]

"A Lady Fights Back"

The 1944 documentary short "A Lady Fights Back" tells the story, up to that time, of Normandie. It does not mention she capsized or sank, saying only she listed heavily to port and showing many pictures of it in that position. It leaves the story with the ship floating free, though devoid of superstructure, saying it was destined to participate in the war effort and filmmakers were not allowed to show more-current pictures.

The film also makes the claim the Navy used the restoration of Normandie as a training exercise and used that training to repair ships damaged in the December 1941 Pearl Harbor raid.

The film is Installment 50 in John Nesbitt's Passing Parade series, presented by MGM. It is included in the DVD of the 1944 movie "Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo". Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo is a 1944 MGM War film. It was directed by Mervyn LeRoy and produced by Sam Zimbalist.

Influences

The Normandie inspired the architecture and design of the Normandie Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The Normandie Hotel is a Hotel located in San Juan Puerto Rico. San Juan (saŋ hwaŋ (from the Spanish San Juan Bautista, " Saint John the Baptist " is the Capital and largest municipality in It was designed by Félix Benítez, a Puerto Rican engineer, as a tribute to his French wife, Moineau, whom he met aboard the French ocean liner. Félix Benítez Rexach ( March 27, 1886 &ndash November 2, 1975) was the Puerto Rican Engineer who designed the Normandie

At first, the three funnels should have been classic cylindric-shaped, but Marin-Marie, a French designer working on the Normandie project, decided to use a modern aerodynamic shape instead. The last funnel was a dummy needed for the ship's balance and partially used as the dog kennel. This article concerns shelter for Dogs For the missile with the code name "kennel" see AS-1 Kennel A kennel is the name The main mast's location, which was usually in front of the bridge, was changed in order to enhance visibility.

Marin-Marie gave an innovative line to Normandie, a silhouette which was since used in each and every following ocean liners including the Queen Mary 2.

Memorabilia

Items from Normandie were sold at a series of auctions after her demise,^[1] and many pieces are considered valuable Art Deco treasures today. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial Among the rescued items include the 10 large dining room door medallions and fittings, and some of the 2 X 4 foot individual Jean Dupas glass panels^[1] that formed the 50 X 20 foot murals mounted at each of the 4 corners of the walls of her Grand Salon. Jean Théodore Dupas (born in 1882 in Bordeaux - 1964 was a French painter designer poster artist and decorator whose work is considerated the utmost example of Art Also surviving to this day are some examples of the 24,000 pieces of crystal – some from the massive Lalique torcheres – that adorned her Dining Salon as well as some of the table silverware, chairs, and pink gold plated bronze table bases – all part of the furniture and fixtures that accommodated 700 passengers at one seating. René Jules Lalique was born in Ay Marne, Marne, France on April 6, 1860, and died May 5, 1945. Custom designed suite and cabin furniture as well as original art-work and statues that decorated the ship, or were built for use by the French Line aboard Normandie, also survive today. ^[1]

A detailed cut-away 1/46 scale SS Normandie model, built by Fr. Roberto Pirrone of Los Angeles, is on display on board the Queen Mary in Long Beach Harbor. ^[5] This model features full interior and exterior detail,^[6] including a recreation of the Café Grill where celebrities, potentates and "everyone who was anyone" gathered for midnight champagne and caviar. The actual Café Grill piano is part of the Miottel Museum collection.

Normandie memorabilia also exists on a smaller scale. In April of 1935 France commemorated the ship's maiden voyage by releasing a 1. 50 Franc dark blue stamp depicting SS Normandie. ^[7] Following the Normandie's Blue Riband win this stamp was reissued in a rarer lighter shade. For use of the related term "Blue Ribbon" see Blue ribbon (disambiguation. ^[8]

Views of the SS Normandie

See also

• SS Paris
• SS Ile de France
• SS Liberté
• SS France (1961)
• Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
• RMS Queen Mary
• RMS Queen Elizabeth

References

External links

• SS Normandie – Magnificent Voyage - Miottel Collection
• Normandie: A Photographic Portrait
• The Normandie - A Dream of Giant
• The Normandie - virtual reality tour of the Art Deco masterpiece
• Normandie Pages - detailed articles about the vessel's career
• SS Normandie - photos and details of books
• French Lines Archives - the liner Normandie
• Pictures in the official French Lines Archives : SS Normandie (french captions)

Records
Preceded by Majestic	World's largest passenger ship 1935 – 1940	Succeeded by Queen Elizabeth
Preceded by Rex	Holder of the Blue Riband (Westbound) 1935 – 1936	Succeeded by Queen Mary
Preceded by Bremen	Holder of the Blue Riband (Eastbound) 1935 – 1936
Preceded by Queen Mary	Holder of the Blue Riband (Westbound) 1937 – 1938
	Holder of the Blue Riband (Eastbound) 1937 – 1938

Construction and handover The Majestic was built by the Blohm & Voss shipbuilders in Hamburg, Germany and was launched on 20 June A passenger ship is a Ship whose primary function is to carry passengers Maiden voyage At the start of World War II the Queen Elizabeth had been launched and was still in the process of fitting out History Following North German Lloyd 's successful capture of the Blue Riband with its and duo of ocean liners the Rex was intended to be Italy's effort to For use of the related term "Blue Ribbon" see Blue ribbon (disambiguation. Naming and construction With Germany launching their and into service the British did not want to be left out in this ship building race History Bremen and her sister were designed to have a cruising speed of 27 For use of the related term "Blue Ribbon" see Blue ribbon (disambiguation. Naming and construction With Germany launching their and into service the British did not want to be left out in this ship building race For use of the related term "Blue Ribbon" see Blue ribbon (disambiguation. For use of the related term "Blue Ribbon" see Blue ribbon (disambiguation.

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