 SS Canberra in the Azores |
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| Career |  |
|---|---|
| Namesake: | City of Canberra, Australia |
| Ordered: | December 20, 1956 |
| Builder: | Harland and Wolff, Belfast |
| Laid down: | September 23, 1957 |
| Launched: | March 16, 1960 |
| In service: | June 6, 1961 (maiden voyage) |
| Out of service: | October 10- 31, 1997 (final voyage) |
| Fate: | Broken up for scrap |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 1961: 45,270 gross tons 1962: 45,733 1968: 44,807 1994: 49,073 |
| Length: | 249. The Azores ( Açores ɐˈsoɾɨʃ or) is a Portuguese Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1500 km (950 mi) from Canberra ( is the capital city of Australia With a population of over 340000 it is Australia's largest inland City. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Harland and Wolff Heavy Industries is a diversified heavy industrial company specialising in Shipbuilding, Ship breaking, Offshore construction Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar 9 m (818 ft) |
| Beam: | 31. 2 m (102 ft) |
| Draught: | 9. 97 m (32. 7 ft) |
| Propulsion: | Main: Two British Thompson Houston (AEI) synchronous three-phase, 6,000 volt air-cooled electric motors providing 85,000 horsepower; power supplied by two 32,200 kW steam turbine driven alternators; twin screw Auxiliary::Four steam turbines, each driving a 1,500 kW, 440 V, 3 Phase, 60 Hz alternator and a tandem driven 300 kW exciter for the propulsion alternators |
| Speed: | Trials: 29. 27 knots (54. 3 km/h) 1961-1973: 27. 5 knots (51 km/h) 1973-1997: 23. 50 knots (43. 5 km/h) |
| Complement: | 1961-1973: 548 First class, 1,690 Tourist class, 960 officers and crew 1973-1997: 1,737 passengers, 795 officers and crew |
SS Canberra was an ocean liner, which later operated on cruises, in the P&O fleet from 1961 to 1997. An ocean liner is a ship designed to transport people from one Seaport to another along regular long-distance Maritime routes according to a schedule This article is about yacht cruising For cruising on cruise liners see the article Cruise ship. The P&O Cruises brand is not owned by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar She was built at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Northern Ireland at a cost of UK £17 million, and was launched on March 16, 1960. Harland and Wolff Heavy Industries is a diversified heavy industrial company specialising in Shipbuilding, Ship breaking, Offshore construction Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The ship was named on March 17, 1958, after the federal capital of Australia, Canberra, and entered service in May 1961. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Canberra ( is the capital city of Australia With a population of over 340000 it is Australia's largest inland City.
Contents |
History
P&O built the Canberra to operate the combined P&O-Orient Line service between the United Kingdom and Australia. The P&O Cruises brand is not owned by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company "Orient Line" redirects here For the similarly named cruise line see Orient Lines. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The arrival of the jet airliner had already caused a drop in demand for this service; a reduction in emigration to Australia and wars forcing the closure of the Suez Canal saw the route become unprofitable. The Suez Canal is a Canal in Egypt. Opened in 1869 it allows Water transportation between Europe and Asia without circumnavigation However a refit in 1974 saw the Canberra adapted to cruising. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Unusually, this transition from an early life as a purpose-built ocean liner to a long and successful career in cruising, occurred without any major external alterations, and with only minimal internal and mechanical changes over the years. An ocean liner is a ship designed to transport people from one Seaport to another along regular long-distance Maritime routes according to a schedule
Arguably the single most remarkable feature of Canberra's design was her turbo-electric propulsion system. turbo-electric transmission uses Electric generators to convert the mechanical energy of a Turbine ( steam or gas) into electric energy and Instead of being mechanically coupled to her propeller shafts, Canberra's steam turbines drove large electric alternators which provided power to electric motors which, in turn, drove the vessel's twin screws. A propeller is essentially a type of fan which transmits power by converting Rotational motion into Thrust for propulsion of a vehicle such as an A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts Thermal energy from pressurized Steam, and converts it into useful mechanical work alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to Alternating current electrical energy An electric motor uses Electrical energy to produce Mechanical energy. They were the most powerful steam turbo-electric units ever installed in a passenger ship; at 42,500 HP per shaft, they surpassed SS Normandie's 40,000 HP on each of her 4 shafts. turbo-electric transmission uses Electric generators to convert the mechanical energy of a Turbine ( steam or gas) into electric energy and Origin The beginnings of Normandie can be traced to the Roaring Twenties when shipping companies started to look for new ships to replace the aging veterans There are several operational and economical advantages to such electrical de-coupling of a ship's propulsion system, and it has become a standard element of cruise ship design during the 1990s, over 30 years after Canberra entered service. However diesel engine and gas turbine driven alternators are the primary power source for most modern electrically propelled ships. A diesel engine is an Internal combustion engine which operates using the Diesel cycle (named after Dr A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a rotary Engine that extracts energy from a flow of Combustion gas
After the Argentine invasion of the Falkland Islands in 1982, which initiated the Falklands War, the Ministry of Defence requisitioned the Canberra as use as a troopship. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) The Falklands War (Guerra de las Malvinas/Guerra del Atlántico Sur also called the Falklands Conflict/Crisis, was fought in 1982 between Argentina and the The Ministry of Defence ( MoD) is the United Kingdom government department responsible for implementation of government defence policy and is the headquarters Nicknamed the Great White Whale, the Canberra proved vital in transporting the Parachute Regiment and Royal Marines to the islands more than 9,000 miles (14,000 km) from the UK. The Parachute Regiment is the Airborne Infantry element of the British Army. The Royal Marines ( RM) are the marine corps and amphibious Infantry of the United Kingdom and along with the Royal Navy Whilst the Queen Elizabeth 2 was held to be too vulnerable to enter the war zone, Canberra was sent to the heart of the conflict. Characteristics The ship has a and is 963 ft (294 m long She had a top speed of using her original steam turbine powerplant which was increased to when she was re-engined
Canberra anchored in San Carlos Water on May 21 as part of the landings by British forces to retake the islands. Not to be confused with San Carlos River San Carlos Water is a bay/ Fjord on the west coast of East Falkland, facing onto the Falkland Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Although her size and white colour made her an unmissable target for the Argentine Air Force, the Canberra, if sunk, would not have been completely submerged in the shallow waters at San Carlos. The Argentine Air Force ( Fuerza Aérea Argentina or FAA) is the national aviation branch of the Armed forces of Argentina. However, the liner was not badly hit during the landings as the Argentine pilots tended to attack the Royal Navy frigates and destroyers instead of the supply and troop ships. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) After the war, Argentine pilots claimed they were told not to hit the Canberra, as they mistook her for a Hospital Ship. A hospital ship is a Ship designated for primary function as a medical treatment facility or Hospital; most are operated by the Military [1]
When the war ended, Canberra was used to repatriate the Argentine Army, before returning to Southampton to a rapturous welcome. The Argentine Army ( Ejército Argentino, EA is the land armed force branch of the Argentine military and the senior military service of the country Southampton ( IPA /ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England After a lengthy refit, Canberra returned to civilian service as a cruise ship. Her role in the Falklands War made her very popular with the British public, and ticket sales after her return were elevated for many years as a result. Age and high running costs eventually caught up with her though, as she had much higher fuel consumption than most modern cruise ships. She was withdrawn from service in September 1997 and sold to ship breakers for scrapping, leaving for Gadani Beach, Pakistan the next month. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Ship breaking or ship demolition is a type of Recycling involving the breaking up of Ships for Scrap. Scrap is a term used to describe Recyclable materials left over from every manner of product consumption such as parts of vehicles building supplies and surplus materials Gaddani Beach is a beach on the Arabian Sea located near the Hub River and Cape Monze in Gaddani, Lasbela District, Baluchistan Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and She did not give up without a fight however; her deep draft meant that she could not be beached as far as most ships, and due to her solid construction the scrapping process took nearly a year instead of the estimated three months. Scrap is a term used to describe Recyclable materials left over from every manner of product consumption such as parts of vehicles building supplies and surplus materials
Picture Gallery
 Canberra in Sydney Harbour |
 Canberra's official stamp |
 Canberra Port main steam turbine |
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 Canberra Port main propulsion alternator |
 Canberra Port main propulsion motor |
 Canberra Starboard tail shaft and propeller |
 Falklands 1982 |
Statistics
- Launch by Dame Pattie Menzies
- Sailed from Belfast to Southampton 28th April 1961
- Official No 302649: Entered P&O service 19th May 1961
- Cargo capacity 150,000 ft³ (4,200 m³)
- Fuel consumption; 250- 300 tonnes/day at sea (approx)
- Water consumption, engines; 200 tonnes/day
- Water consumption, domestic; 600 tonnes/day
- Water production capacity; 450 tonnes/day
References
- ^ Ward, Sharkey (1992). Port Jackson, containing Sydney Harbour, is the natural harbour of Sydney Australia A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts Thermal energy from pressurized Steam, and converts it into useful mechanical work alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to Alternating current electrical energy A propeller is essentially a type of fan which transmits power by converting Rotational motion into Thrust for propulsion of a vehicle such as an Dame Pattie Maie Menzies, GBE ( 2 March 1899 - 30 August 1995) was the wife of Australia’s longest serving Prime Minister Sir "24", Sea Harrier over the Falklands. Cassell Military Paperbacks, 271. ISBN 0-304-35542-9.
"SS Canberra", Neil McCart, Patrick Stephens Ltd, 1983
External links
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