S-block - Citizendia

**Chemical elements in s-block**
Group	1	2	18
Period
1	1 H		2 He
2	3 Li	4 Be
3	11 Na	12 Mg
4	19 K	20 Ca
5	37 Rb	38 Sr
6	55 Cs	56 Ba
7	87 Fr	88 Ra

The s-block of the periodic table of elements consists of the first two groups: the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, plus hydrogen and helium. In Chemistry a group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the Periodic table of the Chemical elements There are 18 groups in Trends The alkali metals show a number of trends when moving down the group - for instance decreasing electronegativity increasing reactivity and decreasing melting and boiling Biological occurrences Beryllium's low aqueous solubility means it is rarely available to biological systems it has no known role in living organisms and when encountered History Noble gas is translated from the German noun de ''Edelgas'' first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity In the Periodic table of the elements, a period is a horizontal row of the table A period 1 element is one of the Chemical elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements. Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Helium ( He) is a colorless odorless tasteless non-toxic Inert Monatomic Chemical A period 2 element is one of the Chemical elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements. Lithium (ˈlɪθiəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Li and Atomic number 3 Beryllium (bəˈrɪliəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Be and Atomic number 4 A period 3 element is one of the Chemical elements in the third row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. Sodium (ˈsoʊdiəm is an element which has the symbol Na( Latin natrium, from Arabic natrun) atomic number 11 atomic mass 22 Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 A period 4 element is one of the Chemical elements in the fourth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. Potassium (pəˈtæsiəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol K (kalium from qalīy Atomic number 19 and Atomic mass 39 Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 A period 5 element is one of the Chemical elements in the fifth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. Rubidium (ruːˈbɪdiəm /rəˈbɪdiəm/ is a Chemical element with the symbol Rb and Atomic number 37 Strontium (ˈstrɒntiəm /ˈstrɒnʃiəm/) is a Chemical element with the symbol Sr and the Atomic number 38 A period 6 element is one of the Chemical elements in the sixth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements, including the Lanthanides Caesium or cesium (ˈsiːziəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Cs and Atomic number 55 Barium (ˈbɛəriəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol Ba, and Atomic number 56 A period 7 element is one of the Chemical elements in the seventh row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. Francium (ˈfrænsiəm formerly known as eka-caesium and actinium K, is a Chemical element that has the symbol Fr and Radium (ˈreɪdiəm is a radioactive Chemical element which has the symbol Ra and Atomic number 88 A chemical element is a type of Atom that is distinguished by its Atomic number; that is by the number of Protons in its nucleus. In Chemistry a group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the Periodic table of the Chemical elements There are 18 groups in Trends The alkali metals show a number of trends when moving down the group - for instance decreasing electronegativity increasing reactivity and decreasing melting and boiling Biological occurrences Beryllium's low aqueous solubility means it is rarely available to biological systems it has no known role in living organisms and when encountered Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Helium ( He) is a colorless odorless tasteless non-toxic Inert Monatomic Chemical

These elements are distinguished by the property that in the atomic ground state, the highest-energy electron is in an s-orbital. In Quantum mechanics, a stationary state is an Eigenstate of a Hamiltonian, or in other words a state of definite energy The electron is a fundamental Subatomic particle that was identified and assigned the negative charge in 1897 by J An atomic orbital is a Mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom Except in hydrogen and helium, these electrons are very easily lost to form positive ions. An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge The helium configuration is chemically exceedingly stable and thus helium has no known stable compounds; thus it is generally grouped with the noble gases. History Noble gas is translated from the German noun de ''Edelgas'' first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity

The other elements of the s-block are all extremely powerful reducing agents, so much so that they never occur naturally in the free state. A reducing agent (also called a reductant or reducer) is the element or a compound in a Redox (reduction-oxidation reaction (see Electrochemistry The metallic forms of these elements can only be extracted by electrolysis of a molten salt, since water is much more easily reduced to hydrogen than the ions of these metals. In chemistry and manufacturing electrolysis is a method of separating chemically bonded elements and compounds by passing an Electric current Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Sir Humphry Davy, in 1807 and 1808, was the first to isolate all of these metals except lithium, beryllium, rubidium and caesium. Sir Humphry Davy 1st Baronet FRS MRIA (17 December 1778 &ndash 29 May 1829 was a British Chemist and inventor Year 1807 ( MDCCCVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Lithium (ˈlɪθiəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Li and Atomic number 3 Beryllium (bəˈrɪliəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Be and Atomic number 4 Rubidium (ruːˈbɪdiəm /rəˈbɪdiəm/ is a Chemical element with the symbol Rb and Atomic number 37 Caesium or cesium (ˈsiːziəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Cs and Atomic number 55 Beryllium was isolated independently by F. Wooler and A. A. Bussy in 1828, whilst lithium was isolated by Robert Bunsen in 1854, who isolated rubidium nine years later after having observed it and caesium spectroscopically. The year 1828 ( MDCCCXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen (31 March 1811 &ndash 16 August 1899 was a German Chemist. Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Caesium was not isolated until 1881 when Carl Setterberg electrolysed the molten cyanide. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A cyanide is any Chemical compound that contains the cyano group (C≡N which consists of a Carbon Atom triple-bonded to a

The s-block metals vary from extremely soft (all the alkali metals) to quite hard (beryllium). With the exception of beryllium and magnesium, the metals are too reactive for any structural use except as very minor components (<2%) of alloys with lead. Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Beryllium and magnesium, though very expensive, are valuable for uses that require strength and lightness. They are extremely valuable as reducing agents to extract titanium, zirconium, thorium and tantalum from their ores, and have other uses as reducing agents in organic chemistry. Titanium (taɪˈteɪniəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Ti and Atomic number 22 Zirconium (zɚˈkoʊniəm /ˌzɝˈkoʊniəm/ is a Chemical element with the symbol Zr and Atomic number 40 Thorium (ˈθɔːriəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Th and Atomic number 90 Tantalum (ˈtæntələm (formerly tantalium /tænˈtæliəm/ is a Chemical element with the symbol Ta and Atomic number 73 Organic chemistry is a discipline within Chemistry which involves the scientific study of the structure properties composition reactions, and preparation

All the s-block metals are dangerous fire hazards which require special extinguishants to extinguish. Fire is the heat and light energy released during a Chemical reaction, in particular a combustion reaction. Except for beryllium and magnesium, storage must be under either argon or an inert liquid hydrocarbon. This article pertains to the chemical element For other uses see Argon (disambiguation. In Organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an Organic compound consisting entirely of Hydrogen and Carbon. They react vigorously with water to liberate hydrogen, except for magnesium, which reacts slowly, and beryllium, which reacts only when amalgamated with mercury to destroy the oxide film. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Mercury (ˈmɜrkjʊri also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum, is a Chemical element with the symbol Hg ( Latinized hydrargyrum An oxide is a Chemical compound containing at least one Oxygen atom as well as at least one other element Lithium has similar properties to magnesium due to the diagonal relationship with magnesium in the periodic table. A Diagonal Relationship is said to exist between certain pairs of diagonally adjacent elements in the second and third periods of the Periodic table.

See also