This article has been partially translated from the German Wikipedia article.

S-Bahn refers to suburban metro railways in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The name is an abbreviation for the German "Stadtschnellbahn" (fast city train) and was introduced in December 1930 in Berlin, after "SS-Bahn" (Stadtschnellbahn) had been unofficially in use already. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The S-Bahn is a railway that serves metropolitan traffic as well as direct regional traffic, and is characterised by high efficiency and a synchronised timetable that allows for denser train traffic on the rail lines. This is achieved by the use of separate tracks, electric locomotives and train doors at platform level (though these standards are not met in some cities). A locomotive is a railway Vehicle that provides the motive power for a Train. The symbol for the S-Bahn in Germany is a white "S" on a green circle.

In Austria S-Bahn lines and stations are displayed by a blue circle with a white 'S' in it. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich There are proper S-Bahn Systems in Vienna and Salzburg. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. The Viennese System is very large, old and well-known. In Switzerland, S-Linien (S-lines) is displayed in black letters on a white background. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The term S-Bahn has spawned many similar notations, like the name R-Bahn for regional trains, which do not meet S-Bahn criteria.

The term "RER" (Réseau express régional), used in France and western Switzerland, and the "S-tog" in Copenhagen are very similar to the S-Bahn. The RER ( R éseau E xpress R égional, ɛʀøɛʀ "Regional Express Network" is a Rapid transit system in France serving This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The S-train (Danish S-tog) network is the commuter train network of Metropolitan Copenhagen, Denmark. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city In the United Kingdom, Merseyrail (Liverpool) and the SPT Rail Network (Glasgow) are roughly equivalent to S-Bahns (see below for more details on suburban rail networks in the UK). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Merseyrail is the name given to the electric metro-style commuter Train network centred on Liverpool in the metropolitan county of Merseyside Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary The Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT is a public body which is responsible for planning and co-ordinating regional transport and especially the Public transport Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom

By contrast, U-Bahn trains are underground and serve urban city centers.

Contents 1 Development 1.1 Early steam services 1.2 Electricity 1.3 Classification 2 S-Bahn networks in Germany 2.1 List of German S-Bahn systems 3 S-Bahn networks in Austria 4 S-Bahn networks in Switzerland 5 Similar systems in other countries 5.1 Australia 5.2 Czech Republic 5.3 Denmark 5.4 Finland 5.5 France 5.6 Hungary 5.7 Italy 5.8 Spain 5.9 Sweden 5.10 United Kingdom 5.11 United States 5.12 Other countries 6 See also 7 External links 8 See also (pages on German Wikipedia)

Development

Early steam services

In 1882, the growing number of steam powered trains around Berlin prompted the Prussian State Railroad to construct separate railtracks for suburban traffic. A steam locomotive is a Locomotive powered by Steam. The term usually refers to its use on Railways but can also refer to a "road locomotive" Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The Berliner Stadtbahn connected Berlin's eight intercity rail stations which were spread throughout the city. A lower rate for the newly founded Berliner Stadt-, Ring- und Vorortbahn (Berlin City, Circular and Suburban Rail) was introduced on 1 October 1891. This rate and the growing succession of trains made the short-distance service stand out from other railroads.

The second suburban railroad was the Hamburg-Altonaer Stadt- und Vorortbahn connecting Hamburg with Altona and Blankenese. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Altona (ˈaltona is the westernmost urban borough ( Bezirk) of the German city state of Hamburg, on the right bank of the Elbe Blankenese is a former independent town now a suburban quarter in the borough Altona in the western part of Hamburg (Germany The Altona office of the Prussian State Railroad established the steam powered railroad in 1906.

Electricity

The beginning of the 20th century saw the first electric trains, which operated at 15. The term multiple unit or MU is used to describe a self-propelling train unit capable of coupling with other units of the same or similar type and still 000 V on overhead lines. The volt (symbol V) is the SI derived unit of electric Potential difference or Electromotive force. Overhead lines or overhead wires are used to transmit Electrical energy to Trams Trolleybuses or Trains at a distance from the As the steam powered trains came to be nuisances to more and more people, the Berliner Stadt-, Ring- und Vorortbahn switched to direct current wagons running on 750 V from a third rail. Direct current ( DC) is the unidirectional flow of Electric charge. A third rail is a method of providing Electricity to power a railway through a continuous rigid conductor alongside the railway track or between the rails In 1924, the first electrified route went into service. The third rail was chosen because it made both the modifications of the railtracks (especially in tunnels and under bridges) and the side-by-side use of electric and steam trains easier.

To set it apart from its competitor, the subterranean U-Bahn, the term S-Bahn replaced Stadt-, Ring- und Vorortbahn in 1930.

The Hamburg service had established an experimental alternating current line in 1907. An alternating current ( AC) is an Electric current whose direction reverses cyclically as opposed to Direct current, whose direction remains constant The whole network still used steam power until 1940, when the old locomotives were replaced by 1200 V DC electric ones. In 1934, the Hamburg-Altonaer Stadt- und Vorortbahn was renamed as S-Bahn.

Classification

S-Bahn lines are different from U-Bahn lines in that they have developed from conventional railways. To this day the German and Austrian S-Bahn lines are operated by subsidiaries of Deutsche Bahn and ÖBB respectively — the national railway organisations. Deutsche Bahn AG ( DB AG, DBAG or DB) is the German national Railway company ÖBB ( Österreichische Bundesbahnen - Austrian Federal Railways is the national railway system of Austria.

S-Bahn networks are typified by many or all of the following characteristics:

• Specifically numbered, dedicated routes (S1, S2, etc), each coloured separately on the network map. Equivalents in other countries sometimes use names instead of numbers.
• High frequency fixed interval services on each line (usually every 20 minutes), with joint sections providing a higher frequency.
• Dedicated tracks when running alongside main lines.
• An underground section under the city centre, usually the core section where most lines converge.
• Dedicated stock, often consistent throughout the network.
• Integration with other local transport, in terms of ticketing and connectivity.

S-Bahn networks in Germany

The Berlin and Hamburg S-Bahn systems traveled on separate tracks from the beginning. When other cities started implementing their systems in the 1960s, they mostly had to use the existing intercity railtracks. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969

The central intercity stations of Frankfurt, Munich and Stuttgart are terminal stations, so all three cities have monocentric S-Bahn networks. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. |}A train station, railway station, railroad station, or station yard is a facility at which Passengers may board and alight from Trains The S-Bahn trains use a tunnel under the central station and the city center.

The high number of large cities in the Ruhr Area promotes a polycentric network connecting all cities and suburbs. The Ruhr Area, ( German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott or Revier) is an Urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia The S-Bahn Rhein-Ruhr, as it is called, features few tunnels, and its routes are longer than those of other networks. The Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn (in German S-Bahn Rhein-Ruhr) is a polycentric S-Bahn network covering the area of the Ruhr valley (including cities such as The Ruhr S-Bahn and the S-Bahn Salzburg are the only S-Bahn networks to be run by more than one corporation in Germany and Austria, respectively. is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. Most Swiss S-Bahns are multi-corporation networks, however.

Most German S-Bahn networks have a unique price system, separated from the Deutsche Bahn rates. Deutsche Bahn AG ( DB AG, DBAG or DB) is the German national Railway company The S-Bahn of Hanover, however, operates under five different rates due to its large expanse. Hanover (i ( haˈnoːfɐ on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen

List of German S-Bahn systems

• Berlin S-Bahn
• Dresden S-Bahn
• Hamburg S-Bahn
• Hanover S-Bahn
• Leipzig-Halle S-Bahn
• Magdeburg S-Bahn
• Munich S-Bahn
• Nuremberg S-Bahn
• Rhine-Main S-Bahn (Frankfurt/Mainz/Wiesbaden)
• RheinNeckar S-Bahn (Ludwigshafen / Mannheim / Heidelberg / Karlsruhe)
• Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn (Ruhr Area / Cologne)
• Rostock S-Bahn
• Stuttgart S-Bahn

The Augsburg S-Bahn and Bremen S-Bahn are planned to go into service in 2011 and 2010, respectively. The Berlin S-Bahn is a Rapid transit system operated by S-Bahn Berlin GmbH, a subsidiary of the Deutsche Bahn. The Dresden S-Bahn provides commuter train services in Dresden and the surrounding area History The Hamburg S-Bahn developed 1932 from the Hamburg-Altonaer Stadt- und Vorortbahn Hamburg&ndashAltona&ndashBlankenese (at that time still independent cities which The Hanover S-Bahn (in German: S-Bahn Hannover) is an S-Bahn network operated by the Deutsche Bahn AG subsidiary Intalliance around S-Bahn trains in Munich are operated by S-Bahn München, a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn Regio Bavaria The Nuremberg S-Bahn (in German S-Bahn Nürnberg) is an S-Bahn network covering the region of Nuremberg, Fürth and Erlangen which Lines Since the end of 2003 the system comprises the following lines History The Early Years Plans for a rail connection between the central rail Mainz (ˈmaɪ̯nʦ (Mayence is a City in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Wiesbaden, a city in southwest Germany, is the capital of the state of Hesse. The S-Bahn RheinNeckar forms the backbone of the urban rail transport network of the Rhine Neckar Area, including the cities of Mannheim, Heidelberg Ludwigshafen am Rhein is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Mannheim is a City in Germany. With 327318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2006 over 140000 people live within the city's area Karlsruhe (ˈkaɐ̯lsʁuːə population 285812 in 2006 is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near The Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn (in German S-Bahn Rhein-Ruhr) is a polycentric S-Bahn network covering the area of the Ruhr valley (including cities such as The Ruhr Area, ( German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott or Revier) is an Urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia Lines: Warnemünde – Rostock Central Station: Warnemünde – Rostock Central Station – Güstrow: Rostock Current Lines All lines lead through the city centre of Stuttgart The Bremen S-Bahn (in German S-Bahn Bremen) is a planned S-Bahn network in Germany covering the area of the Bremen region stretching as far as Bremerhaven 2011 ( MMXI) will be a Common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. For the film see 2010 The Year We Make Contact. For the book see 2010 Odyssey Two.

The Stadtbahn Karlsruhe uses the green "S" logo, but does not refer to itself as S-Bahn. Karlsruhe (ˈkaɐ̯lsʁuːə population 285812 in 2006 is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near The blue U-Bahn logo is not used due to lack of subterran lines.

Despite their names, the Breisgau-S-Bahn (Freiburg) and the Ortenau-S-Bahn (Offenburg) both are RegionalBahn services. Offenburg is also the German name of Baia de Arieş in Romania The Regionalbahn (abbreviated RB is a type of Regional train in Germany.

S-Bahn networks in Austria

The oldest S-Bahn system in Austria is the Vienna S-Bahn, which uses intercity rails predominantly. The Vienna S-Bahn is a suburban metro Railway network in Vienna, Austria. The Vienna S-Bahn is a suburban metro Railway network in Vienna, Austria. It was established in the 1960s, although it was usually referred to as Schnellbahn until 2005. The angular white "S" on a blue circle used as logo reflects the layout of the central rail lines. However, since it is also similar to the SS runes, a curved S (shown above) is becoming more common. The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the The rolling stock was blue for a long time, reflecting the logo color, but red is used uniformly for nearly all local traffic today.

In 2004, the Salzburg S-Bahn went into service as the first Austrian Euroregion S-Bahn, crossing the border to Salzburg's suburbs in Germany. In European Politics, a Euroregion is a form of Transnational co-operation structure between two (or more territories located in different European The network is serviced by two corporations: the ÖBB and the Salzbuger Lokalbahn. The Salzburg S-Bahn logo is a white S on a light blue circle.

The S-Bahn networks in Graz is in its first phase. Graz (etymologically from Slovene: Gradec IPA /gradeʦ/ "little castle" with a population of around 290000 as of 2008 (of which 252852 have principal (network) Currently the following lines are active: S1, S11, S5, S51, S6, S7 while S3 , S31 and S32 are still under construction (Extension works shall be finished by 2012)

The rolling stock are Desiro and Talent trains. Desiro is a brand name of modular train manufactured by Siemens of Germany The Talent is a Multiple unit Passenger train manufactured by Bombardier Talbot that was developed by Waggonfabrik Talbot in Aachen shortly The rolling stock shall be finally upgraded till 2012.

Innsbruck will get its own S-Bahn system by the end of 2007 - Inntal S-Bahn. Innsbruck is the capital city of the federal state of Tyrol in western Austria.

The regional train line in the Vorarlberg Rhine Valley is a nominal S-Bahn. Vorarlberg is the westernmost state ( Land) of Austria. Though it is the second smallest in terms of area ( Vienna is the smallest it borders The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The S-Bahn networks in Linz are under discussion. Linz is the third largest city of Austria and capital of the state of Upper Austria (Oberösterreich

S-Bahn networks in Switzerland

S-Bahn is also used in German-speaking Switzerland. While French publications of those networks translate it as RER, the line numbers are still prefixed with an S (e. g. S2).

The oldest network in Switzerland is the Berne S-Bahn, established in 1987 It also is the only one in Switzerland to use a colored "S" logo. In 1990, the Zürich S-Bahn, which covers the largest area, went into service. Current lines in operation Effretikon - Zürich Airport - Zürich HB - Ziegelbrücke S-Bahn services were set up in the course of the initiative Bahn 2000 in Central Switzerland (a collaborative network of S-Bahn Luzern and Stadtbahn Zug), St. Gallen (S-Bahn St. Central Switzerland is the region of the Alpine foothills geographically the heart and historically the origin of Switzerland, with the cantons of Uri, St Gallen ( Saint-Gall San Gallo is the capital of the canton of St Gallen) and Ticino (S-Bahn Tessin). Canton Ticino or Ticino ( Italian: tiˈtʃiːno French and German: Tessin and) is the southernmost canton of

The Regio S-Bahn Basel services the whole Euroregion "Regio TriRhena", thus providing cross-border transportation into both France and Germany. A tunnel connecting two of the large intercity railway stations of Basel (Badischer Bahnhof and Basel SBB) is planned as Herzstück Regio-S-Bahn Basel (lit. "Basilia" redirects here For the Fly Genus, see Basilia (fly. Baden is a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. Swiss Federal Railways ( German: SBB Schweizerische Bundesbahnen French: CFF Chemins de fer fédéraux suisses Italian: FFS Ferrovie federali svizzere heart-piece Regio-S-Bahn Basel).

The Réseau Express Vaudois of Lausanne will be incorporated in the planned S-Bahn Léman (called RER Léman in French-speaking areas) around Lake Geneva (fr. Lausanne ( pronounced, Losanna is a city in Romandy, the French -speaking part of Switzerland, situated on the shores of Lake Geneva Lake Geneva or Lake Léman (Lac Léman Léman Lac de Genève is the second largest freshwater Lake in Central Europe in terms of surface area (after Lac Léman). Geneva will be the second center of this network. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Transborder networks for the Lake Constance-adjacent German Länder Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, the Austrian Land Vorarlberg and the Swiss cantons St. Gallen and Thurgau are under disussion. Under the designation Lake Constance or Lake of Constance ( German Bodensee) one summarizes the three independent bodies of water Obersee Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states ( Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Austria is a federal republic made up of nine States, known in German as Länder (singular Land) Vorarlberg is the westernmost state ( Land) of Austria. Though it is the second smallest in terms of area ( Vienna is the smallest it borders The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the states of the Federal state of Switzerland. The Canton of St Gallen (German Kanton) is a canton of Switzerland. Thurgau (German, anglicized as Thurgovia) is a northeast canton of Switzerland. Possible names are Bodensee-S-Bahn and Alpenrhein-Bahn. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge

Similar systems in other countries

Suburban railroads are known all over the world. However, most of them differ from the German S-Bahn in structure and name.

Australia

Similarly to a European S-Bahn, Sydney's CityRail combines an extensive suburban rail system with frequent-service underground sections in the central urban core (City Circle and Eastern Suburbs Line). Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 For the Beijing subway line known as the CityRail Line see Line 13 Beijing Subway CityRail is an operating division of RailCorp The City Circle is a system of underground passenger railway lines located in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia that make up the heart of the Sydney passenger See also Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra railway line Sydney The Eastern Suburbs Railway is a Commuter railway line in Sydney

Czech Republic

The Esko - Spojení pro město (literally "S - Connection for City) system in Prague region was established in December 2007. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic.

Denmark

The S-tog system in Copenhagen was partly established in 1934. The S-train (Danish S-tog) network is the commuter train network of Metropolitan Copenhagen, Denmark. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city

Finland

Helsinki region has a regional commuter rail system run by national railway company VR (Finnish / Swedish name: Lähijuna / Närtåg). Helsinki commuter rail is the commuter rail system serving Greater Helsinki, Finland. Compared to systems in German cities, the Helsinki system is a combination of S-Bahn and "Regionalverkehr" systems. Physically the network bifurcates into four directions from Helsinki central station, and 15 services run on these four lines. These differ by their stopping behavior and are indicated by letters. The shorter-distance services services run on their exclusive tracks with short, fixed intervals and are comparable to S-bahn. R, H, Z and Y- trains are regional services in the similar manner as German Regional Bahn or Regional Express. They use intercity tracks, stop only at major stations and reach as Far as Lahti (Z-train, distance 104 km).

France

The French Réseau Express Régional (lit. The RER ( R éseau E xpress R égional, ɛʀøɛʀ "Regional Express Network" is a Rapid transit system in France serving Regional Express Network) originally meant the Paris system, but is now used for other French and Swiss networks as well. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city However, only the Paris RER has S-Bahn-like tunnel stations.

Because it is serviced with SNCF trains, the C line of the Métro de Toulouse is sometimes called RER toulousain. SNCF ( Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français) (French National Railway Company is a French public enterprise This is a list of the stations on the Toulouse Metro system in Toulouse, France. Toulouse ( pronounced in standard French, and in the local accent ( Occitan: Tolosa, pronounced) is a city in southwest The planned Lyon network will most likely be a tram-train system. ||-||} Lyon, also known as Lyons in English is a city in east-central France. A tram-train is a light-rail Public transport system where Trams also run on main-line train tracks for greater flexibility

Hungary

HÉV is the system of four suburban railway lines in and around Budapest. HÉV (originally Helyiérdekű Vasút, lit "Railway of Local Interest" is a system of four Commuter rail lines in and around Budapest, Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, The HÉV lines were originally constructed as branch lines of the Hungarian State Railways. Today, the four HÉV lines are operated by the public transport company of Budapest, yet are not part of the Budapest Metro.

Italy

The suburban lines of the Milan Transportation System were renamed Linee S in 2005. The Milan transportation system (Italian Rete metropolitana di Milano) is the transport network of Milan, Italy. They are operated by Trenitalia, LeNord (the regional railroad of Lombardy) and TILO (regional railroad Ticino-Lombardy). Trenitalia is the primary operator of trains within Italy. Trenitalia is owned by Ferrovie dello Stato, itself owned by the Italian Government. Ferrovie Nord Milano (FNM SpA is an Italian public transport company the second largest railway company in Italy Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the A single combined network for Lombardy and Ticino stretching form Milan to Biasca in Eastern Ticino is planned. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Biasca is a town of the district of Riviera in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. A system like in Milan is being planned for Bologna. Bologna (boloɲa from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in Bolognese dialect is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy

Rome's Ferrovia Metropolitana (city rail) is more like a Regionalbahn, apart from the FR1 route from Orte to Fiumicino and the FR3 route from Roma Ostiense to Viterbo. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Fiumicino is a central- Italian town and Comune in the Province of Rome, in which the busy Leonardo da Vinci Airport is located which serves the

The suburban railroad lines of Naples are all integrated into the subterran metro network. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Genoa's two S-Bahn like lines mainly run underground, so there are plans to incorporate them into the sub-surface. Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English

Spain

see Cercanías

There are systems other than the Cercanías in Asturias, the Basque country and Cantabria. Cercanías (θeɾkaˈnias is the name given to the Commuter rail systems of Spain 's major metropolitan areas The Principality of Asturias ( Spanish: Principado de Asturias, Asturian: Principáu d'Asturies or Asturies) is an Cantabria is a Spanish province and Autonomous community with Santander as its capital city Their operating companies are EuskoTren and FEVE. EuskoTren ( Eusko Trenbideak / Ferrocarriles Vascos &ndash Basque Railways is a Railway company which operates trains on part of the Narrow gauge railway FEVE ( Ferrocarriles Españoles de Vía Estrecha, meaning "Narrow-Gauge Spanish Railways" is a state-owned Spanish Railway company which operates Two subsystems of the Barcelona commuter rail network are run by FGC. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Catalan Government Railways or FGC, is a Railway company which operates several unconnected lines in Catalonia

Sweden

The Stockholm pendeltåg went into service in the 1960s. Stockholm commuter rail (Stockholms pendeltåg is the commuter rail system in Stockholm County, Sweden. The pendeltåg and the tunnelbana form a network comparable to an S-Bahn. The Stockholm Metro (Stockholms tunnelbana is the metro system in Stockholm, Sweden. Pendeltåg is not the Stockholm system's name, but the Swedish equivalent of S-Bahn. ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the

The Gothenburg pendeltåg consists of only two regional train routes (Alingsåspendeln and Kungsbackapendeln). Gothenburg commuter rail or Göteborgs pendeltåg is the commuter rail system associated with Gothenburg, Sweden. A third route is now being building. This new route will be called Alependeln. There's also four local train routes.

The Pågatågen network of Skåne County is also known as "Malmö's pendeltåg"

United Kingdom

Many of the larger cities in the UK have suburban rail networks, which resemble S-Bahns to varying degrees. Pågatågen is the local Commuter rail system in Skåne County, Sweden. Skåne County ( Skåne län) is the southernmost county or Län, of Sweden, basically corresponding to the historical province

• Birmingham has a network of four suburban routes, which are branded as Network West Midlands (formerly Centro), and are integrated with bus and tram services. Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um The West Midlands Passenger Transport Executive (WMPTE sometimes known as Centro, is a local government organisation ( Passenger Transport Executive) responsible
• Cardiff has its own network of suburban services radiating from the city, known as the Valley Lines. Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. Valley Lines (also Valleys & Cardiff Local Routes) is the commonly-known name for the Cardiff and Valleys network of Suburban railway services within Cardiff
• Glasgow's SPT Rail network fits the model of an S-Bahn, with a large network of differentiated lines, with frequent services, and purpose-built lines under the city centre. Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom The Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT is a public body which is responsible for planning and co-ordinating regional transport and especially the Public transport
• Liverpool has a suburban network, called Merseyrail. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary Merseyrail is the name given to the electric metro-style commuter Train network centred on Liverpool in the metropolitan county of Merseyside The main part of Merseyrail (the Northern and Wirral lines), is a textbook S-Bahn, with regular, fixed interval services, lines under the city centre, and dedicated lines and stock. The Northern Line is one of the two lines owned and operated by Merseyrail on Merseyside, England, the other being the Wirral Line (Merseyrail's The Wirral Line is one of the two lines owned and operated by Merseyrail on Merseyside, England, the other being the Northern Line (the Merseyrail There is a third part, serving areas to the east of the area, nominally called the City Line, but is actually a virtual line, made up of sections of various longer distance lines out of Liverpool Lime Street. The City Line is the name given to local rail routes out of Liverpool Lime Street station, Liverpool, Merseyside. Liverpool Lime Street railway station on Lime Street is a mainline and underground Railway station serving the city centre of Liverpool, England This, while part sponsored by Merseytravel, is operated by different (and differing) operating companies than the core of the Merseyrail network, and does not have the same consistency of branding or services. The Merseyside Passenger Transport Executive ( MPTE, or Merseytravel, as it is branded is the Passenger Transport Executive responsible for the coordination The term train operating company (abbreviated to TOC is used in the United Kingdom to describe the various businesses operating passenger trains on the railway
• London's closest equivalent to an S-Bahn is the London Overground network, currently operating mainly in North and West London, though due to expand considerably with the extension to the East London Line. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. London Overground (LO is a Commuter rail service in London UK. The East London Line was a line of the London Underground, coloured orange on the Tube map. This only covers a small part of London, however, as due to the history of railways in the UK, the lines radiate from several different termini, and are operated by many different operating companies. First Great Western, First Capital Connect, National Express East Anglia, Southeastern, Southern, and South West Trains all operate a number of suburban services - British Rail previously operated these services under the name Network SouthEast. First Great Western is the operating name of First Greater Western Ltd, a British train operating company owned by FirstGroup, which operates First Capital Connect (FCC is a passenger train operating company in England that began operations on the National Rail network on 1 April 2006 National Express East Anglia is a Train operating company and brand name of London Eastern Railway Ltd in the United Kingdom. Southeastern is a train operating company in the United Kingdom. Southern is a train operating company in England, running to south London, Surrey, and Sussex from Victoria and London South West Trains ( SWT) is a train operating company operating in the United Kingdom, providing Train services to the south-west of London chiefly See also Rail transport in Great Britain, National Rail, Network Rail This article is about the defunct entity "British Railways" 1586 at London Victoriajpg|thumb|right|A train in modified NSE livery with rounded corners
• Manchester has a number of suburban lines, but these are not specifically branded as such, and are generally seen as part of the wider Northern Rail network, similar to the Merseyrail City Line (see above) though overseen by the conurbation's transport body GMPTE. Northern Rail (often referred to simply as Northern) is a Train operating company that has operated local passenger services in the north of England The Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive ( GMPTE) is the public body ( Passenger Transport Executive) responsible for co-ordinating Public transport
• West Yorkshire has a network of sponsored local services, mainly radiating from Leeds, and branded as MetroTrain. West Yorkshire is a Metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England The West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive (WYPTE is the Passenger Transport Executive for the county of West Yorkshire, England.
• Other metro systems in Britain, such as the London Underground, DLR and the Tyne and Wear Metro, are more comparable to a U-Bahn and/or a Stadtbahn. The London Underground is a Metro system serving a large part of Greater London and neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire The Docklands Light Railway (DLR is a Light rail system serving the redeveloped Docklands area of East London England. The Tyne and Wear Metro is a metro system serving stations in Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, South Tyneside North Tyneside and Sunderland, See also Light rail Stadtbahn (literally in German: city railway) or Premetro, is a Tramway or Light railway which

United States

Comparable lines in the US include:

• Chicago - Metra Electric Line extending southward from the city, and NICTD's South Shore Line into northern Indiana, share several features with S-Bahn lines such as dedicated trackage, grade separation, high level platforms, and electrification. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The Metra Electric Line ( ME) is an electrified Commuter rail line owned and operated by Metra, connecting Millennium Station (formerly History Chicago and Indiana Air Line Railway The oldest predecessor of the line was the Chicago and Indiana Air Line Railway, chartered on December 2 The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union The rest of Metra's system is highly dissimilar to an S-Bahn. Metra (officially known as the Northeast Illinois Regional Commuter Railroad Corporation) is a Regional rail system that serves the city of Chicago Illinois
• Philadelphia - SEPTA Regional Rail features a tunnel through the city center and through-routed trains. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The SEPTA Regional Rail Division provides Commuter rail service on thirteen branches to over 150 active stations in Philadelphia Pennsylvania and its suburbs However, several of the lines extend well out from the city through less densely populated areas. On the whole, the system is more like a RegionalBahn. The Regionalbahn (abbreviated RB is a type of Regional train in Germany.
• San Francisco Bay Area - BART is similar to an S-Bahn in that both are hybrids between a rapid transit system and a commuter rail system. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway Commuter rail, regional rail or suburban rail is a Passenger rail transport service between a city center and outer suburbs and Commuter towns BART has tunnels under the San Francisco and Oakland city centers and surface trackage in more outlying locations.

Other rapid transit lines such as the New York City Subway or Chicago L are more akin to U-Bahn lines. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway The New York City Subway is a Rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency The 'L' (variously and sometimes, styled "L" El EL or L) is a Rapid transit system that serves the city of Commuter rail systems such as Virginia Railway Express or Los Angeles County Metro Rail are more akin to RegionalBahn systems. Commuter rail, regional rail or suburban rail is a Passenger rail transport service between a city center and outer suburbs and Commuter towns The Virginia Railway Express (VRE is a commuter rail service that connects the Northern Virginia area with Washington DC. The Los Angeles County Metro Rail is the mass transit rail system of Los Angeles County The Regionalbahn (abbreviated RB is a type of Regional train in Germany. Partially underground light rail lines such as Boston's Green Line and Philadelphia's Subway-Surface Lines are analogous to Stadtbahn lines. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. The Green Line is a Light rail / Streetcar system run by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA in the Boston, Massachusetts Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The Subway–Surface Trolley Lines are five SEPTA trolley lines that operate on public streets in Philadelphia and Delaware County, See also Light rail Stadtbahn (literally in German: city railway) or Premetro, is a Tramway or Light railway which

Other countries

Systems comparable to the S-Bahn also include Dublin Area Rapid Transit, Tallinn's Elektriraudtee, the Russian Elektrichka, the Hong Kong MTR's suburban network, the Slovakian Rýchlodráha, Szybka Kolej Miejska in the Polish Tricity area, GO Train in the Greater Toronto Area, Korail in the Greater Seoul area, the West Coast Express in Vancouver, and the AMT's trains de banlieue in Montreal. The Dublin Area Rapid Transit ( DART) is part of the suburban railway network in Ireland, running mainly along the coastline of Dublin Bay on Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names Network The Elektriraudtee network extends in two main directions eastward and westward from the capital Tallinn the total length of the lines being 132 km Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Elektrichka (электри́чка електри́чка elektrychka) is an informal word for elektropoyezd (электропо́езд a Soviet or Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders MTR, or Mass Transit Railway, is the Rapid transit Railway system in Hong Kong. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Tricity (or Tri-City, also called Treble City, in Polish Trójmiasto) is an Urban area GO Transit is the interregional public transit system serving the Conurbation in Ontario, Canada referred to by Metrolinx as the The Greater Toronto Area (locally abbreviated as the GTA) is the most populous Metropolitan area in Canada. Korail is the national railroad operator in South Korea. Korail operates passenger and freight trains throughout South Korea Seoul ( soʊl is the Capital and largest City of South Korea. West Coast Express is the interregional commuter railway in British Columbia, Canada. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal The Agence métropolitaine de transport (AMT or (Metropolitan Transportation Agency is the Umbrella organization that plans integrates and coordinates Public transportation Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec

See also

• U-Bahn

External links

• Crossing the Berlin border on the S-Bahn (late '80s A tourist crosses from East Berlin to West Berlin via the S-Bahn.

See also (pages on German Wikipedia)

• de:S-Bahnen in Deutschland
• de:S-Bahnen in Österreich
• de:S-Bahnen in der Schweiz
• de:Stadtschnellbahn

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic