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Słupsk
—  City  —
City Hall
City Hall
Flag of Słupsk
Flag		 Coat of arms of Słupsk
Coat of arms
Słupsk (Poland)
Słupsk
Słupsk
Coordinates: 54°27′57″N 17°1′45″E / 54.46583, 17.02917
Country Poland
Voivodeship Pomeranian
County city county
Established 10th century
Town rights 1265
Government
 - Mayor Maciej Kobyliński
Area
 - Total 43. This page contains a list of cities and towns in Poland, preceded by a table of major Polish cities The Coat of Arms of Słupsk presents the red Griffin swimming in the three water waves symbol of Słupia River. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Voivodeship The voivodeship or province (województwo has been a high-level Administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century Pomeranian Voivodeship (also known as Pomerania Province or by its Polish name of województwo pomorskie {{IPA-pl|p|o|'|m|o|r|s|k|j|e}} or simply Pomorskie A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural powiaty) is the second-level unit of Local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a County Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 15 km² (16. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 7 sq mi)
Elevation 22 m (72 ft)
Population (2006)
 - Total 98,757
 - Density 2,288. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 7/km² (5,927. 7/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 - Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 76-200 to 76-210, 76-215, 76-216, 76-218, 76-280
Area code(s) +48 059
Car plates GS
Website: http://www.slupsk.pl

Słupsk [swupsk] (Image:Ltspkr.png listen) (German: Stolp in Pommern[1][2], known also under other names) is a city in Pomeranian Voivodeship, in the northern part of Poland. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks In common with many Countries, Polish car number plates indicate the Region of Registration of the Vehicle encoded in the number plate The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Słupsk (Stolp in Pommern known also under other names) is a city in Pomeranian Voivodeship, in the northern part of Poland. This page contains a list of cities and towns in Poland, preceded by a table of major Polish cities Pomeranian Voivodeship (also known as Pomerania Province or by its Polish name of województwo pomorskie {{IPA-pl|p|o|'|m|o|r|s|k|j|e}} or simply Pomorskie Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Before January 1, 1999, it was the capital of the separate Słupsk Voivodeship. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Słupsk Voivodeship ( Polish: województwo słupskie was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 1975 to 1998 It is also a part of the historic region of Pomerania.

The city is located in the northwestern part of the country, on the Koszalin Coast, 18 kilometres (11 mi) from the Baltic Sea, on the Słupia River. Koszalin (Köslin; Kòszalëno Scurgum is the largest city of Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland. The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. Słupia (Stolpe is a river in north-western Poland, a tributary of the Baltic Sea, with a length of 138 kilometres and the basin area of 1623 km² It is the administrative seat of Słupsk County, although it is not part of that county (the city has county status in its own right). Słupsk County (powiat słupski is a unit of territorial administration and local government ( Powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural powiaty) is the second-level unit of Local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a County It has a population of 98,757[3] and occupies 43. 15 square kilometres (16. 66 sq mi)[4], being one of the most densely populated cities in the country according to the Central Statistical Office[5]. The neighbouring administrative districts (gminas) are Gmina Kobylnica and Gmina Słupsk. The gmina or Municipality (frequently translated commune) plural gminy, is the principal unit (lowest level of territorial division in Poland Gmina Kobylnica is a rural Gmina (administrative district in Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Gmina Słupsk is a rural Gmina (administrative district in Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. There is ongoing discussion regarding extension of the city boundaries to include some territory belonging to those two gminas[6][7].

The city rights of Słupsk, probably given by Świętopełk II, the duke of Gdańsk (Danzig) in 1265, were extended in 1310 and confirmed in 1313 by the margraves of Brandenburg[8]. Swantopolk II, also Zwantepolc II or Swietopelk II, (1190/1200 &ndash January 11, 1266) sometimes known as the Great (Świętopełk Gdańsk ( Polish pronunciation; 'Danzig', Gduńsk Gedania Dantiscum is the City at the centre of the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in Poland Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany. By then, the city had become a centre of local administration and trade and a Hanseatic League associate. The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hansa) was an alliance of trading cities and their Guilds that established and maintained trade Between 1368 and 1478 it was the capital of the Duchy of Stolp; it then came under the sovereignty of the Duchy of Pomerania. For all other principalities and duchies in Pomerania and lists of dukes see Pomeranian duchies and dukes The Duchy of Pomerania was a In 1648, according to the peace treaty of Osnabrück, Słupsk and its surrounding territories were awarded to Brandenburg-Prussia and later formed the Province of Pomerania. The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of Osnabrück (ɔsnaˈbʁʏk is a City in Lower Saxony, Germany, some 80 km NNE of Dortmund, 45 km NE of Münster, and some 100 km due Brandenburg-Prussia (Brandenburg-Preußen was a German Monarchy established by the Personal union between the Duchy of Prussia and the For the present-day Polish provinces see Pomeranian Voivodeship and West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The city became part of Poland in 1945. [9]

Contents

Name

During its history, Słupsk was for a long time known under the German name Stolp, to which the suffix in Pommern (commonly abbreviated i. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Pom. ) was attached in order to avoid confusion with other places named similarly. The city occasionally was called Stolpe (refering to the Słupia River, whose German name is also Stolpe). Słupia (Stolpe is a river in north-western Poland, a tributary of the Baltic Sea, with a length of 138 kilometres and the basin area of 1623 km² Stolpe is also the Latin exonym for this place[10]. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It is said that the German name comes from one of five Pomeranian names of this settlement[11].

Slavic names in Polish — Słupsk — and Pomeranian — Stolpsk[11], Stôłpsk, Słëpsk, Słëpskò, Stôłp[12] — may be etymologically related to the words słup ("pile") and stołp ("keep"). Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. For the Low German dialects also called Pomeranian see Pommersch. Two hypotheses regarding the origins of those names exist: one claims that it refers to a specific way of constructing buildings on boggy ground with additional pile support, which is still in use, while the other says that it is connected with a tower or other defensive structure built on the banks of the Słupia River[11]

Słupsk has also name variants in the Lithuanian (Slupskas[13]) and Latvian (Slupska[14]) languages, although these are not frequently used. Lithuanian ( lietuvių kalba) is the official state language of Lithuania and is recognised as one of the official languages of the European Union. Latvian language (latviešu valoda is the official state language of Latvia.

In the Polish language, the citizens of Słupsk are called słupszczanie (singular słupszczanin). Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland.

Geography

Boundaries

Słupsk boundaries and neighbourhoods (click to enlarge).
Słupsk boundaries and neighbourhoods (click to enlarge).

Administratively, the city of Słupsk has the status of both urban gmina and city county (powiat). The gmina or Municipality (frequently translated commune) plural gminy, is the principal unit (lowest level of territorial division in Poland A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural powiaty) is the second-level unit of Local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a County The city boundaries are generally artificial, with only short natural boundaries with the villages of Kobylnica and Włynkówko on the Słupia River. Słupia (Stolpe is a river in north-western Poland, a tributary of the Baltic Sea, with a length of 138 kilometres and the basin area of 1623 km² The boundaries have remained unchanged since 1949, when Ryczewo became a part of the city[15]. In March 2008, Mayor Maciej Kobyliński put forward a proposal to expand the city limits by incorporating some territory from neighbouring districts[6][7].

Słupsk shares about three-quarters of its boundaries with the rural district called Gmina Słupsk, of which Słupsk is the administrative seat (although it is not part of the district). Gmina Słupsk is a rural Gmina (administrative district in Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. The city's other neighbouring district is Gmina Kobylnica, to the south-west. Gmina Kobylnica is a rural Gmina (administrative district in Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. The Słupsk Special Economic Zone is not entirely contained within the city limits: a portion of it lies within Gmina Słupsk, while some smaller areas are at quite a distance from Słupsk (Debrzno), or even in another voivodeship (Koszalin, Szczecinek, Wałcz). Debrzno (Preußisch Friedland is a town in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. Koszalin (Köslin; Kòszalëno Scurgum is the largest city of Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland. Szczecinek (Neustettin Nowé Sztetëno is a town in Middle Pomerania, northwestern Poland with some 39777 inhabitants (2007 Wałcz ( Kashubian Wôłcz, Deutsch Krone is a County town in Wałcz County of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern

The city has a fairly irregular shape, with its central point at Plac Zwycięstwa ("Victory Square") at 54°27′51″N, 17°01′42″E.

Topography and landmarks

Słupia River in the city centre
Słupia River in the city centre

Słupsk lies in the pradolina (ancient river valley, also known in German as Urstromtal) of the Słupia River. Słupia (Stolpe is a river in north-western Poland, a tributary of the Baltic Sea, with a length of 138 kilometres and the basin area of 1623 km² The city centre is situated significantly lower than its western and easternmost portions. Divided into two almost equal parts by the river, Słupsk is rather hilly when compared to other cities in the region. About 5 square kilometres (1. 9 sq mi) of the city's area is covered by forests, while 17 square kilometres (6. 6 sq mi) is used for agricultural purposes.

Słupsk is rich in natural water bodies. There are more than twenty ponds, mostly former meanders of the Słupia, within the city limits. A pond is a body of water smaller than a Lake, both being examples of Terrain features Although the term pond is universally used to describe waterbodies that There are also several streams, irrigation canals (generally unused and abandoned) and a leat. A stream is a body of Water with a current, confined within a bed and stream-banks Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways A leat (also lete or leet) is the name common in the south and west of England, for an artificial Watercourse, or Aqueduct, supplying Except in the city centre, all these watercourses are unregulated.

There is generally little human influence on landform features visible within the city limits. However, in the northwestern part of the city there is a huge hollow, a remnant of a former sand mine. Although there were once plans to build a waterpark in this area[16], they were later abandoned and the site remains unused. See List of waterparks (for a list of all waterparks in the world A waterpark is an Amusement park that features waterplay areas such

Climate

Słupsk has a temperate marine climate, like the rest of the Polish coastal regions[17] The city lies in a zone where the continental climate influences are very weak compared with other regions of Poland[18]. An oceanic climate (also called marine west coast climate and maritime climate) is the Climate typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year The warmest month is July, with an average temperature range of 11 °C to 21 °C (52 °F to 70 °F). The coolest month is February, averaging -5 °C to 0 °C (23 °F to 32 °F). The wettest month is August with average precipitation of 90 millimetres (3. 5 in), while the driest is March, averaging only 20 millimetres (0. 79 in). Snowfalls are always possible between December and April.

Weather averages for Słupsk
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 0 (32) 0 (32) 3 (37) 10 (50) 16 (61) 20 (68) 21 (70) 20 (68) 18 (64) 12 (54) 6 (43) 2 (36) 11 (52)
Average low °C (°F) -4 (25) -5 (23) -2 (28) 1 (34) 5 (41) 9 (48) 11 (52) 11 (52) 8 (46) 5 (41) 1 (34) -1 (30) 3 (37)
Precipitation mm (inches) 40 (1. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 6) 30 (1. 2) 20 (0. 8) 30 (1. 2) 50 (2) 60 (2. 4) 80 (3. 1) 90 (3. 5) 60 (2. 4) 50 (2) 40 (1. 6) 50 (2) 660 (26)
Source: Meteo. Pl[19] 2008-04-17

Neighbourhoods

The neighbourhoods (osiedla, singular osiedle) of Słupsk do not have any administrative powers. Osiedle ( Polish plural osiedla) is a term used in Poland to denote a designated subdivision of a city or town or of a Dzielnica, with its Their names are used for traffic signposting purposes and are shown on maps. The neighbourhoods are as follows:

Parks

Słupsk has many green areas within its city limits. The chief of these are the Park of Culture and Leisure (Park Kultury i Wypoczynku), the Northern Wood (Lasek Północny) and the Southern Wood (Lasek Południowy). There are also smaller parks, squares and boulevards.

History

Middle Ages

Słupsk developed from a few medieval settlements located on the banks of the Słupia River, at the unique ford along the trade route connecting the territories of modern Pomeranian and West Pomeranian Voivodeships. Słupia (Stolpe is a river in north-western Poland, a tributary of the Baltic Sea, with a length of 138 kilometres and the basin area of 1623 km² A ford is a place in a Watercourse (most commonly a stream or River) that is shallow enough to be crossed by wading on Horseback or in a wheeled A trade route is a logistical network identified as a series of pathways and stoppages used for the commercial transport of cargo Pomeranian Voivodeship (also known as Pomerania Province or by its Polish name of województwo pomorskie {{IPA-pl|p|o|'|m|o|r|s|k|j|e}} or simply Pomorskie West Pomeranian Voivodeship (also known by its Polish name of województwo zachodniopomorskie or simply Zachodniopomorskie) is a voivodeship This factor lead to a construction of a grad, a Slavic fortified settlement, on an islet in the middle of the river. Grad or gorod (Cyrillic град город or gord is a Slavic word for town or city Surrounded by swamps and mires, the fortress had perfect defence conditions. Archeological research has shown that the grad was situated on an artificial hill and had a natural moat formed by the branches of the Słupia, and was protected by a palisade. A moat is deep broad Trench, usually filled with Water, that surrounds a structure installation or town normally to provide it with a preliminary line of palisade is a steel or wooden Fence or wall of variable height usually used as a defensive structure

The settlement was probably given city rights in 1265[8]. 'City rights' redirects here See also Municipal charter. Town privileges were important features of European Towns during In 1308 Gdańsk Pomerania was attacked and then conquered by the Teutonic Knights. This article is about the modern region For the medieval duchy see Pomeranian duchies and dukes Gdańsk Pomerania (Pomorze Gdańskie or Eastern Pomerania The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. Stolp and its surroundings, however, came under Brandenburgian influence. Brandenburg ( Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of the sixteen states of Germany. The city privileges were reconfirmed in 1310 and 1313 by the margraves of Brandenburg[8]. The governors of Stolp had bought Stolpmünde and then built a port there, enabling a maritime economy to begin to develop. Ustka (Stolpmünde Kashubian and Pomeranian: Ùskô) is a town in the Middle Pomerania region of northwestern Poland with 17100 In 1368 the Duchy of Stolp (Fürstentum Stolp) became independent from the Duchy of Wolgast (Fürstentum Wolgast) and later became a part of the united Duchy of Pomerania in 1478. For all other principalities and duchies in Pomerania and lists of dukes see Pomeranian duchies and dukes The Duchy of Pomerania was a

Modern Ages

Before the Reformation the majority of the city's inhabitants were of the Roman Catholic faith — traditional Slavic beliefs did not survive the wave of missionaries from Poland and the Holy Roman Empire. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Religious riots occurred at the beginning of the 16th century and reached their peak in 1524, when the Holy Mary's Church was profaned. By then, people had started to convert to Lutheranism. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther Only one of Stolp's many churches remained Roman Catholic.

The united duchy of Farther and Hither Pomerania kept its independence until 1648, when the Thirty Years' War ended. Farther Pomerania or Further Pomerania (Hinterpommern Pomorze Zachodnie is a Pomeranian region roughly stretching from the Oder River in the West Western Pomerania is a translation of "Vorpommern" (also "Hither Pomerania" both redirect here For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. The local ruling house, the Griffits, became extinct in 1637. The House of Pomerania, (Greifen Gryfici also known as House of Greifen or House of Griffins, was a Dynasty of dukes that ruled the Duchy The teritorry of the Duchy was partitioned between Brandenburg-Prussia and Sweden. Brandenburg-Prussia (Brandenburg-Preußen was a German Monarchy established by the Personal union between the Duchy of Prussia and the "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. After the Peace of Westphalia Stolp came under Brandenburgian control and became one of the cities of the Province of Pomerania, in which it remained until 1945. The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of For the present-day Polish provinces see Pomeranian Voivodeship and West Pomeranian Voivodeship. Before the Second World War, Stolp was conquered only once, in 1807 during the Napoleonic Wars. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions

After the Thirty Years' War Stolp lost much of its former importance — despite the fact that Stettin was then a part of Sweden, the province's capital was situated not in the second-largest city of the region, but in the one closest to the former ducal residence — Stargard. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. Stargard Szczeciński (Stargard in Pommern Stôrgard is a City in northwestern Poland, with 71017 inhabitants (2005 However, the local economy stabilized. The constant dynamic development of the Kingdom of Prussia and good economic conditions saw the city develop. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising After the major state border changes (modern Vorpommern and Stettin joined the Prussian state after a conflict with Sweden) Stolp was only an administrative centre of the Kreis within the Regierungsbezirk of Köslin. Western Pomerania is a translation of "Vorpommern" (also "Hither Pomerania" both redirect here "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. A Regierungsbezirk is a type of government region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states ( ''Bundesländer'') Koszalin (Köslin; Kòszalëno Scurgum is the largest city of Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland. However, its geographical location led to rapid development, and in the 19th century it was the second city of the province in terms of both population and industrialization. In 1869 a railway from Danzig reached Stolp. Gdańsk ( Polish pronunciation; 'Danzig', Gduńsk Gedania Dantiscum is the City at the centre of the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in Poland

During the 19th century the city's boundaries were significantly extended towards the west and south. The new railway station was built about 1,000 metres from the old city. In 1901 the construction of a new city hall was completed, followed by a local administration building in 1903. In 1910 a tram line was opened. The football club Viktoria Stolp was formed in 1901. Viktoria Stolp was a German football club from the city of Stolp, Pomerania (today Słupsk, Poland) In 1914, before the First World War, Stolp had 34,340 inhabitants. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

Interwar period and the Second World War

Stolp was not directly affected by the fighting in the First World War. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The trams did not run during the war, returning to the streets in 1919. Demographic growth remained high, although development slowed, because the city became peripheral, the Kreis being situated on post-war Germany's border with the Polish Corridor. Background Giving Poland access to the sea was one of the guarantees proposed by the United States President Woodrow Wilson in his Fourteen Polish claims to Stolp and its neighbouring area were refused during the Treaty of Versailles negotiations. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I.

In 1926 members of the National Socialist German Workers Party organized a public meeting of citizens. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 This led to the party's gaining widespread support in the city.

The beginning of the Second World War halted the development of the city. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Nazis created a labour camp there, later becoming Außenarbeitslager Stolp, a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp. A labor camp is a simplified detention facility where inmates are engaged in Penal labor. Stutthof was the first concentration camp built by the Nazi Germany regime outside of Germany. On March 7, 1945, 24 forced labourers from the camp were killed in the Southern Wood, the day before the Red Army entered the city. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya Almost no-one remained in the city; most of the inhabitants fled and Nazi soldiers abandoned it. However, Russian soldiers were ordered to set fire to the centre of the city. The Red Army initially set up administrative headquarters in the city hall.

Polish People's Republic

After the war, due to the decision reached at the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences that the Polish western border would follow the Oder-Neisse line, Stolp became part of Poland. The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and Codenamed the Argonaut Conference, was the wartime meeting from 4 February The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, Germany, from July 16, The Oder-Neisse line (Granica na Odrze i Nysie Łużyckiej Oder-Neiße-Grenze was drawn in the aftermath of World War II as the eastern border of Germany and Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland It was consequently renamed "Słupsk" on April 23, 1945. Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar It was initially part of Okręg III, comprising the whole teritorry of the former Province of Pomerania east of the Oder. Okręg Lesser Poland Voivodeship Okręg (plural okręgi) is a Term used in Polish to denote regions and jurisdictions of various types including electoral For the present-day Polish provinces see Pomeranian Voivodeship and West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Słupsk later became part of Szczecin Voivodeship and then Koszalin Voivodeship, and in 1975 became the capital of the new province of Słupsk Voivodeship. Szczecin Voivodeship (1 ( Polish: województwo szczecińskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975 Koszalin Voivodeship (2 (województwo koszalińskie - a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years Słupsk Voivodeship ( Polish: województwo słupskie was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 1975 to 1998 The city was a cultural centre. The Millennium Cinema was one of the first in Poland to have a cinerama. Cinerama is the trademarked name for a Widescreen process which works by simultaneously projecting images from three synchronized 35 mm projectors onto a huge deeply-curved The puppet theatre Tęcza used to collaborate with the similar institution called Arcadia in Oradea, Romania, but the partnership ceased after 1989. Oradea (pronunciation in Romanian:, Hungarian: Nagyvárad, colloquially also Várad, German: Großwardein, former Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania

During the 1970 protests there were minor strikes and demonstrations. The Polish 1970 protests (Grudzień 1970 were Anti-communist protests that occurred in northern Poland in December 1970 No-one was killed during the militia's interventions.

After 1989

Major street name changes were made in Słupsk after the Autumn of Nations in 1989. "Fall of Communism" redirects here For the fall of the Soviet Union itself see History of the Soviet Union (1985–1991. Also a process of major renovations and refurbishments began, beginning in the principal neighbourhoods. According to the administrative reform of Poland in 1999, Słupsk Voivodeship was dissolved and divided between two larger regions: Pomeranian Voivodeship and West Pomeranian Voivodeship. Voivodeship The voivodeship or province (województwo has been a high-level Administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century Słupsk Voivodeship ( Polish: województwo słupskie was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 1975 to 1998 Pomeranian Voivodeship (also known as Pomerania Province or by its Polish name of województwo pomorskie {{IPA-pl|p|o|'|m|o|r|s|k|j|e}} or simply Pomorskie West Pomeranian Voivodeship (also known by its Polish name of województwo zachodniopomorskie or simply Zachodniopomorskie) is a voivodeship Słupsk itself became part of the former. The reform was criticized by locals, who wanted to create a separate Middle Pomeranian Voivodeship[20].


Transport

Railways

Main article: Słupsk (PKP station)
PKP class EN57 and the platforms of Słupsk railway station
PKP class EN57 and the platforms of Słupsk railway station

Słupsk is a raliway junction, with four lines running north, west, east and south from the city[21]. Słupsk is a PKP railway station in Słupsk ( Pomeranian Voivodeship) Poland. EN57 is an Electric multiple unit used by the Polish railway operator ( PKP) Currently, one station, opened January 10, 1991 serves the whole city. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. This is a class B station according to PKP (Polish Railways) criteria[22]. The city has rail connections with most major cities in Poland: Białystok, Gdańsk, Gdynia, Katowice, Kraków, Lublin, Łódź, Olsztyn, Poznań, Szczecin, Warsaw and Wrocław, and also serves as a junction for local trains from Kołobrzeg, Koszalin, Lębork, Miastko, Szczecinek and Ustka. Białystok Lublin Voivodeship Białystok (also known by alternative names) is the largest City in northeastern Poland. Gdańsk ( Polish pronunciation; 'Danzig', Gduńsk Gedania Dantiscum is the City at the centre of the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in Poland Gdynia (Gdingen (until 1939 Gotenhafen (1939-1945 Gdiniô is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland and an important Seaport Katowice (Katovice Kattowitz is a City in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Lublin is the largest city in eastern Poland and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 355954 Łódź is Poland 's third largest city with population of 753192 in 2007 (lost its second rank to Krakow in 2007 Olsztyn (Allenstein Olštynas Old Prussian: Alnāsteini) is a City in northeastern Poland, on the River Łyna. Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia Kołobrzeg (Kolberg Kòłobrzeg Cholbergensis is a City in Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland with some 50000 inhabitants (as of Koszalin (Köslin; Kòszalëno Scurgum is the largest city of Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland. Lębork ( Lãbórg is a Town on the Łeba and Okalica Rivers in Middle Pomerania region north-western Poland with Miastko ( Kashubian / Pomeranian: Miastkò; Rummelsburg is a town in the Middle Pomerania region of northwestern Poland. Szczecinek (Neustettin Nowé Sztetëno is a town in Middle Pomerania, northwestern Poland with some 39777 inhabitants (2007 Ustka (Stolpmünde Kashubian and Pomeranian: Ùskô) is a town in the Middle Pomerania region of northwestern Poland with 17100 Słupsk is the westernmost terminus of the Fast Urban Railway serving the Gdańsk conurbation[23]. "SKM" redirects here For other uses of this abbreviation see SKM (disambiguation.

The first railway reached Słupsk (then Stolp) from the east in 1869. The first rail station was built north of its current location. The line was later extended to Köslin (now Koszalin), and further lines were built connecting the city with Neustettin (Szczecinek), Stolpmünde (Ustka), Zezenow (Cecenowo) (narrow gauge) and Budow (Budowo) (narrow gauge). Koszalin (Köslin; Kòszalëno Scurgum is the largest city of Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland. Szczecinek (Neustettin Nowé Sztetëno is a town in Middle Pomerania, northwestern Poland with some 39777 inhabitants (2007 Ustka (Stolpmünde Kashubian and Pomeranian: Ùskô) is a town in the Middle Pomerania region of northwestern Poland with 17100 The narrow gauge tracks were rebuilt as standard gauge by 1933, but were demolished during the Second World War. After the war, the first train connection to be restored was that with Lębork, reopened May 27, 1945. Lębork ( Lãbórg is a Town on the Łeba and Okalica Rivers in Middle Pomerania region north-western Poland with Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Between 1988 and 1989 almost all of the lines traversing the city were electrified.

Roads

Słupsk is traversed east-west by European route E28, which is known as National route 6 in Poland. A ring road is planned, which when built would carry the route 6/E28 traffic. The city can also be accessed by the National route 21 from Miastko, Voivodeship route 210 from Ustka to Unichowo and Voivodeship route 213 from Puck. Miastko ( Kashubian / Pomeranian: Miastkò; Rummelsburg is a town in the Middle Pomerania region of northwestern Poland. Ustka (Stolpmünde Kashubian and Pomeranian: Ùskô) is a town in the Middle Pomerania region of northwestern Poland with 17100 Local roads of lesser importance connect Słupsk with surrounding villages and towns.

The city's network of streets is well developed, but many of them require general refurbishment. The city is currently investing significant sums of money in road development.

Air

Słupsk-Redzikowo Airport is now defunct, however, it once worked as a regular passenger airport of local significance. Several plans to eventually reopen it failed to succed because of lack of funds. Recently, this area was proposed to host ten silo-based two-stage long-range US missile defence interceptors, forming this way a Ground-Based Midcourse Defense system in conjunction with a US narrow-beam midcourse tracking and discrimination radar system in the Czech Republic. A silo is a structure for storing bulk materials. Silos are used in Agriculture to store grain (see Grain elevators or fermented feed National missile defense (NMD as a generic term is a type of Missile defense: a military strategy and associated systems to shield an entire country against incoming Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD is a component of the National missile defense strategy of the United States administered by the U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the However, inhabitants of Słupsk and neighbourging settlements do not show support to such plans.

Culture

Słupsk is the regular venue for a number of festivals, most notably:

Theatres

Słupsk currently has three theatres:

In the 1970s the Tęcza Theatre collaborated with the Arcadia Theatre from Oradea, Romania. Contract bridge, usually known simply as bridge, is a trick-taking Card game of skill and chance (the relative proportions depending The Komeda Jazz Festival and the Krzysztof Komeda Composers Competition has been held in Słupsk in Poland each November since 1995 Oradea (pronunciation in Romanian:, Hungarian: Nagyvárad, colloquially also Várad, German: Großwardein, former Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania This partnership ended after 1989 for political reasons.

Cinemas

At one time Słupsk had five functioning cinemas, but only one, the Millennium Cinema, remains open today. There is also a small specialist cinema on 3 Maja street. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João

Economy

Słupsk has a developing economy based on a number of large factories. The footwear industry has been particularly successful in the region, expanding its exports to many countries.

The Scania commercial vehicles plant also plays a very significant role in Słupsk's economy, generating the highest revenue out of all companies currently based in Słupsk. Scania AB is a European Manufacturer of heavy Trucks ( British English: lorries) Buses and Diesel engines Most of the buses currently manufactured there are exported to Western Europe.

Trade

Several retail developments have been carried out, with others either awaiting approval or already approved by the municipal authorities. Below is a list of some of Słupsk's existing or planned retail sites.

Shopping malls

Hypermarkets

Supermarkets

Restaurants

Słupsk has many restaurants, pizzerias, cafés and other catering establishments. Real is a European hypermarket member of the German trade and retail giant Metro Group. OBI is the leading European Do-it-yourself stores based in Wermelskirchen, Germany. Kaufland is a German hypermarket chain part of the same group as Lidl and Handelshof ELeclerc is a French Supermarket chain Like Wal-Mart in the US or Tesco in UK Leclerc is the largest retailer on its home market Castorama is a French retailer of DIY and Home improvement tools and supplies Bytów (Bütow Bëtowò is a Town in the Middle Pomerania region of northern Poland in the Bytów Lakeland with 16888 inhabitants (2004 Ustka (Stolpmünde Kashubian and Pomeranian: Ùskô) is a town in the Middle Pomerania region of northwestern Poland with 17100 Lidl is a European discount Supermarket chain of German origin that operates 7000 stores For other unrelated supermarket chains with the same name see Netto (Les Mousquetaires and Netto Marken-Discount. Les Mousquetaires is the parent company of various shop chains there are various brands A restaurant is a retail establishment that serves prepared Food to Customers. Pizza (ˈpiːtsə, in Italian:) is a popular dish made with an Oven -baked flat generally round Bread that is covered with tomatoes or a tomato-based One of the most famous pizzerias is that located in the Poranek café, which was the first pizzeria established in post-war Poland.

Sports clubs

Energy and communications

Słupsk has a lattice tower used for television broadcasting. Czarni Słupsk is a Polish Basketball team based in Słupsk, playing in Dominet Bank Ekstraliga. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Football is the word given to a number of similar Team sports all of which involve (to varying degrees kicking a Ball with the foot in an attempt to score a Handball (also known as team handball, European handball, or Olympic handball) is a Team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles or two opposing pairs (doubles who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance Near Słupsk is the static invertor station of the Swepol high-voltage submarine cable link. SwePol is the designation of a 245 kilometre long monopolar HVDC Submarine cable between Stärnö peninsula just outside Karlshamn

U. S. Anti-Missile Defence Shield

Ten silo-based two-stage long-range US missile defense interceptors are planned to be placed in nearby Redzikowo, forming a Ground-Based Midcourse Defense system in conjunction with a US narrow-beam midcourse tracking and discrimination radar system in the Czech Republic. A missile silo is an underground vertical cylindrical container for the storage and launching of intercontinental ballistic missiles ( ICBMs. National missile defense (NMD as a generic term is a type of Missile defense: a military strategy and associated systems to shield an entire country against incoming Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD is a component of the National missile defense strategy of the United States administered by the U The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, According to the United States administration the system is intended to protect against missiles from Iran, although in November 2007 the U. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. S. National Intelligence Estimate reported that Iran's alleged nuclear weapons program had been halted since fall 2003. It has also been pointed out that Central Europe is way beyond the range of any missile that Iran currently has. [24]


Twin towns

Arkhangelsk, Bari, Bukhara, Carlisle, Cartaxo, Flensburg, Ustka, Vantaa, Vordingborg

See also

References

  1. ^ Stolp.de (German). Arkhangelsk (Арха́нгельск formerly called Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast Bari ( Barium in Latin, Bàrion or Vàrion in Greek, Bare in Neapolitan Bukhara (Buxoro Бухоро بُخارا Бухара also spelled as Bukhoro and Bokhara, from the Soghdian βuxārak ("lucky Carlisle (pronounced CARLYLE(emphasis on the first syllable is a City in northern England the largest settlement in Cumbria. Cartaxo ( pron kɐɾ'taʃu is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 158 Flensburg ( Danish: Flensborg, Low Saxon: Flensborg, North Frisian: Flansborj) is an independent town in Ustka (Stolpmünde Kashubian and Pomeranian: Ùskô) is a town in the Middle Pomerania region of northwestern Poland with 17100 Geography Location Vantaa encompasses 243 km² of which 190 km² is water Vordingborg Municipality Vordingborg Municipality (1970-2006 Vordingborg Denmark Vordingborg Castle Słupsk is a PKP railway station in Słupsk ( Pomeranian Voivodeship) Poland. The Town Hall in Słupsk is a building in the Polish city of Słupsk. Retrieved on April 12, 2008. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  2. ^ Although the official German name was Stolp in Pommern (usually abbreviated to Stolp i. Pom. ), the inhabitants commonly used the shorter variant, Stolp.
  3. ^ Słupsk.pl: Dane statystyczne (Polish). Retrieved on April 12, 2008. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  4. ^ Collaborative work (1999). Gminy w Polsce (in Polish). Central Statistical Office.  
  5. ^ Collaborative work (2007). Powierzchnia i ludność w przekroju terytorialnym w 2007 (in Polish). Central Statistical Office.  
  6. ^ a b Ekspansja miast (Polish) (2008). Retrieved on April 12. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
  7. ^ a b Gp24.pl: Dyskusja o powiększeniu Słupska (Polish). Retrieved on April 12, 2008. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  8. ^ a b c Słupsk.pl: Historia Słupska do roku 1945 (Polish). Retrieved on April 12, 2008. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  9. ^ (1999) Pomorze Zachodnie poprzez wieki (in Polish). The Castle of Pomeranian Dukes in Szczecin.  
  10. ^ Lexicon Universale (Latin). Retrieved on April 12, 2008. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  11. ^ a b c Słupsk.pl: Informacje ogólne (Polish). Retrieved on April 12, 2008. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  12. ^ Nasze Kaszuby: Zestawienie kaszubskich i polskich nazw miejscowości na Kaszubach, z wariantami, z wyszczególnieniem powiatów (Polish / Kashubian). Retrieved on April 12, 2008. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  13. ^ Polish Wikipedia: Litewskie nazwy polskich miejscowości (Polish). Retrieved on April 12, 2008. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  14. ^ Latvian Wikipedia: Slupska (Latvian). Retrieved on April 12, 2008. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  15. ^ Powiat słupski: Ryczewo (Polish). Retrieved on April 12, 2008. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  16. ^ Gp24.pl: Coraz bliżej aquaparku (Polish). Retrieved on April 13, 2008. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  17. ^ Kaczmarek, T. , Kaczmarek, U. , Sołowiej D. , Wrzesiński, D. (2002). Ilustrowana Geografia Polski (in Polish). Świat Książki.  
  18. ^ Collaborative work (2000). Altas geograficzny dla szkół średnich (in Polish). PPWK.  
  19. ^ Weatherbase (English).
  20. ^ Legislative proposal of July 24, 1998 regarding the introduction of the three-level administrative division of Poland (Polish). Retrieved on April 22, 2008. Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  21. ^ Kolej.One.Pl: Słupsk (Polish). Retrieved on April 22, 2008. Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  22. ^ List of stations maintained by Dworce Kolejowe (Polish). Retrieved on April 22, 2008. Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  23. ^ SKM network map (Polish). Retrieved on April 22, 2008. Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  24. ^ Q&A: &#39US Missile System Could Re-Start Cold War, or Worse&#39

External links


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