The Rye House Plot of 1683 was a plan to assassinate King Charles II of England and his brother (and heir to the throne) James, Duke of York. Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James Historians vary in their assessment of the degree to which details of the conspiracy were finalized.
After the Restoration of the monarchy under Charles in 1660 there was concern among some members of Parliament, former republicans and the general Protestant population of England that the King's relationship with France under Louis XIV and the other Catholic rulers of Europe was too close. The English Restoration, or simply The Restoration began in 1660 when the English monarchy, Scottish monarchy and Irish monarchy were restored Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". Anti-Catholic sentiment, which associated Catholicism with absolutism, was widespread, and focused particular attention to the succession to the throne. While Charles was publicly Anglican, he and his brother were known to have Catholic sympathies. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs These suspicions were confirmed in 1673 when James was discovered to have converted to Catholicism.
In 1681, triggered by the opposition-invented Popish Plot, the Exclusion Bill was introduced in the House of Commons, which would have excluded James from the succession. The Popish Plot was a fictitious conspiracy concocted by Titus Oates which gripped England in Anti-Catholic hysteria from 1678 until 1681. The Exclusion Bill Crisis ran from 1678 through 1681 in the reign of Charles II of England. Charles outmanoeuvred his opponents and dissolved Parliament. An English Parliament assembled in the city of Oxford for one week from 21 March 1681 until 28 March 1681 during the reign of Charles II This left his opponents with no legal method of preventing James's succession, and rumours of plots and conspiracies abounded. With the "country party" in disarray, Lord Shaftesbury, leader of the opposition to Charles's rule, fled to Holland where he soon died. Anthony Ashley-Cooper 1st Earl of Shaftesbury ( July 22, 1621 &ndash January 21, 1683) known as Sir Anthony Ashley-Cooper
Rye House, a manor house in Hoddesdon in Hertfordshire, was owned by a well-known Republican, Richard Rumbold. Hoddesdon is a town in the English county of Hertfordshire, situated in the Lea Valley. Richard Rumbold (1622-1685 was a Cromwellian soldier who took part in the Rye House Plot to assassinate Charles II of England and his brother James The plan was to conceal a force of 100 men in the grounds of the house and ambush the King and the Duke on their way back to London from the horse races at Newmarket.
They were expected to make the journey on April 1, 1683, but there was a great fire in Newmarket on March 22, which destroyed half the town. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. The races were cancelled, and the King and the Duke returned to London early. As a result, the planned attack never took place.
News of the plot leaked and the plot was publicly discovered 12 June 1683; Charles and his supporters were quick to act: a royal declaration of the heinous nature of the plot was issued on 27 July. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. [1]. Many well-known members of Parliament and noblemen of the "country party", which opposed the Court party and would soon be known as Whigs, were arrested. The Whigs (with the Tories) are often described as one of two political parties in England and later the United Kingdom from the late 17th to Although the principal conspirators were minor figures, the Whig leaders Lord William Russell, a son of the Earl of Bedford, was convicted and executed, and Algernon Sidney was convicted on weaker evidence by Judge Sir George Jeffreys, brought in as Lord Chief Justice in September[2] and also executed. Not to be confused with the 17th-century Whig politician William Russell Lord Russell. Algernon Sydney or Sidney (January 1623 &ndash December 7 1683) was an English Politician, political theorist and opponent of King George Jeffreys 1st Baron Jeffreys of Wem, PC ( May 15 1645 &ndash April 18 1689) also known as " The Hanging Judge The Earl of Essex committed suicide in the Tower of London. Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex (1631 &ndash 13 July 1683 whose surname is sometimes spelled Capel, was an English statesman The Duke of Monmouth, Charles' illegitimate son, was also implicated and obliged to retire to the United Provinces. James Crofts, later James Scott 1st Duke of Monmouth and 1st Duke of Buccleuch ( April 9 1649 &ndash July 15 1685) was an English "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands. A popular account of the plot was published in 1685 by T. Sprat, A True Account and Declaration of the Horrid Conspiracy against the Late King.
Historians have suggested the story of the plot may have been largely manufactured by Charles or his supporters to allow the removal of most of his strongest political opponents. Richard Greaves cites as proof that there was a plot in 1683, the 1685 armed rebellions of the fugitive Earl of Argyll and Charles' Protestant bastard, James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth (Greaves 1992). Archibald Campbell 9th Earl of Argyll (c 1629–1685 was Earl from 1663 following the restoration of the title two years after his father the Marquess of Argyll, was executed James Crofts, later James Scott 1st Duke of Monmouth and 1st Duke of Buccleuch ( April 9 1649 &ndash July 15 1685) was an English Doreen Milne[3] asserts that its importance lies less in what was actually plotted than in the public perception of it and the uses made of it by the government. The popular reaction to the Tories' reactive excesses led to the discontent expressed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland in 1688 by a union
Notes
References
- Greaves, Richard L. Secrets of the Kingdom: British Radicals from the Popish Plot to the Revolution of 1688-89 (Stanford University Press) 1992.
- Milne, Doreen J. "The Results of the Rye House Plot and Their Influence upon the Revolution of 1688: The Alexander Prize Essay" Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5th Seris, 1 (1951), p. 91-108.
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