| Rybnik | |||
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  Rybnik
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country |  Poland |
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| Voivodeship | Silesian | ||
| County | city county | ||
| Established | 10th century | ||
| Town rights | 1327 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Adam Fudali | ||
| Area | |||
| - City | 148 km² (57. The Coat of arms of the city of Rybnik in Poland consists of a blue shield bearing a white pike rising diagonally between two Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Voivodeship The voivodeship or province (województwo has been a high-level Administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century Silesian Voivodeship (also known as Silesia Province or by its Polish name of województwo śląskie or simply Śląskie) is a Voivodeship A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural powiaty) is the second-level unit of Local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a County Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 1 sq mi) | ||
| Highest elevation | 290 m (951 ft) | ||
| Lowest elevation | 210 m (689 ft) | ||
| Population (2006) | |||
| - City | 141,382 | ||
| - Density | 955. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 3/km² (2,474. 2/sq mi) | ||
| - Metro | 650,000 | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 44-200 to 44-292 | ||
| Area code(s) | +48 32 | ||
| Car plates | SR | ||
| Website: http://www.rybnik.pl/ | |||
Rybnik [ˈrɨbnik] (
listen) is a city in southern Poland, in the Silesian Voivodeship, close to the border with the Czech Republic, about 290 km south of Warsaw and about 100 km west of Kraków, on the southern outskirts of the metropolitan area known as the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Polish: Górnośląskie Zagłębie Węglowe, GZW). A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks In common with many Countries, Polish car number plates indicate the Region of Registration of the Vehicle encoded in the number plate A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Silesian Voivodeship (also known as Silesia Province or by its Polish name of województwo śląskie or simply Śląskie) is a Voivodeship The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Górnośląskie Zagłębie Węglowe GZW is a Coal basin in Silesia, mostly in Poland but also partly in the Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland.
Rybnik is the centre of its own metropolitan area, Rybnik Coal Region (Rybnicki Okręg Węglowy, ROW). Rybnik Coal Area ( Polish: Rybnicki Okręg Węglowy, ROW) is a coal area and Industrial region in Silesia, Poland centered
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Population
The city has 141,374 inhabitants (including 0. 03% foreigners), density: 961 per km². The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different (as of 31 Dec 2003). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 88% of Rybnik's population are Poles, 9% Silesians and 3% are "others" (Germans and the immigrants), Rybnik ranks as Poland's 25th largest city. The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. Silesians ( Silesian: Ślůnzoki; Ślązacy Slezané Schlesier are the inhabitants of Silesia in Poland, Germany and the Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Rybnik's unemployment is significantly lower (6,0%) than the national average of 11,5% (as of Feb 2008). Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work.
History
The city's name derives from the Polish word for "fish" (ryba) and meant "fishpond" in the Old Polish language. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. (In Romany, rebniko means "fishpond" to this day). The name highlights the importance of fish farming for the city's economy in the Middle Ages, which is reflected in its coat of arms until this day. Fish farming is the principal form of Aquaculture, while other methods may fall under Mariculture. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people
The city's origins can be traced back into the 9th and 10th century, when three Slavic settlements existed on Rybnik's present-day territory which eventually merged to form one town. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. In the course of the medieval eastward migration of German settlers (Ostsiedlung), Rybnik, as many other Polish settlements, was incorporated (granted city status and right) according to the so-called Magdeburg Law at some point before 1308 (the exact date remains unknown). Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. This article covers the medieval eastward migrations of Germans Magdeburg Rights (Magdeburger Recht or Magdeburg Law were a set of German town laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted with This, however, is not to be confused with a change in national affiliation; Rybnik continued to be part of the Kingdom of Poland, until Silesia as a whole became a fiefdom of the Bohemian crown in 1327. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the The city continued to grow and developed into a regional trade centre. In the 15th century, the Hussites devastated the city, before being eventually defeated in a decisive battle on a hill nearby. The Hussites were a Christian movement following the teachings of Czech reformer Jan Hus or John Huss (c From 1526, Bohemia, including the fiefdom of Silesia, which Rybnik was a part of, came under the authority of the Habsburg crown. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people
At the beginning of the War of the Austrian Succession between Frederick II of Prussia (the Great) and the Habsburg empress Maria Theresa of Austria, the greatest part of Silesia, including Rybnik, was annexed by Prussia in 1740, which Austria eventually recognized in 1763. The War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748 involved nearly all the powers of Europe Frederick II (Friedrich II January 24 1712 August 17 1786) was a King of Prussia (1740&ndash1786 from the An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia see also names in other languages; May 13, 1717 November 29 1780) was the Archduchess regnant Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Year 1740 ( MDCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Year 1763 ( MDCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Coal mining gained importance for Rybnik's economy as early as the 18th century. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system In 1871, Prussia, including Rybnik, merged into the German Empire, the first modern German nation state. Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification For the online game see Jennifer Government NationStates. The nation-state is a certain form of State that derives its legitimacy At this point, Poland had already ceased to exist as an independent state, having been divided between Prussia, Austria and Russia in the Third Partition of Poland of 1795. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
With the intensification of Germanization and anti-Polish politics in the German Empire in the late 19th and early 20th century, the ethnically mixed region of Upper Silesia became affected by growing tensions between German and Polish nationalists. The terms Polonophobia, anti-Polonism, antipolonism and anti-Polish sentiment refer to a spectrum of hostile attitudes toward Poles. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Upper Silesia (Horní Slezsko Oberschlesien Latin: Silesia Superior; Górny Śląsk Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk) is the southeastern part After the end of World War I in 1918, Polish statehood was finally restored. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Amidst an atmosphere of ethnic unrest, a referendum was organized to determine the future national affiliation of Upper Silesia. A referendum (plural referendums or referenda) ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita Upper Silesia (Horní Slezsko Oberschlesien Latin: Silesia Superior; Górny Śląsk Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk) is the southeastern part Although an overall majority had opted for Germany, the area was finally divided in an attempt to satisfy both parties. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Although both parties considered the territory they were assigned insufficient, the division was justified insofar as in the German and Polish parts a majority had voted in favour of the respective nation.
The lowest amount of pro-German votes was registered in the districts of Rybnik and Pszczyna (Pless). Pless redirects here For the former Principality or Duchy of Pless, see that article The city and the largest part of the district of Rybnik were attached to Poland; Rybnik thus became part of a Polish state for the first time since 1526. The referendum and eventual division of Upper Silesia were accompanied by three Silesian Uprisings, the first of which (in 1919) was centered on Rybnik. Upper Silesia (Horní Slezsko Oberschlesien Latin: Silesia Superior; Górny Śląsk Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk) is the southeastern part The Silesian Uprisings (Aufstände in Oberschlesien Powstania śląskie were a series of three armed uprisings of the Poles and Polish Silesians Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Within the Second Polish Republic of the interwar period, Rybnik was part of the Silesian Voivodeship, which enjoyed far-reaching political and financial autonomy. The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II.
With the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the border city Rybnik returned under the rule of Germany, being in the part of Poland that was directly incorporated into the German state. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The population was ethnically categorized and either "re-Germanized" or disfranchised and partially deported into the General Government as Poles. The General Government (Generalgouvernement refers to a part of the territories of Poland (and Ostrava Czechoslovakia under German Military occupation
After the eventual German defeat which ended World War II in the European theatre of war in 1945, Rybnik was once more integrated into Poland, the territory of which was now being shifted westward on Stalin's initiative. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party Rybnik thus ceased to be German-Polish border city. Its population was again categorized to be either "re-polonized" or forcefully resettled to Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A large portion of ethnic Germans from Rybnik eventually settled in the West German city of Dorsten (District of Recklinghausen), which eventually became one of Rybnik's twin towns in 1994. Dorsten (ˈdɔʁstən is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located on the northern edge of the Ruhr Area, along the Lippe River Recklinghausen (ʁɛklɪŋˈhaʊzən is a City in the Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)
In the post-war period, coal mining continued to gain importance. The 1970s saw the construction of a coal-fired power station, which is important for power generation in the region and beyond. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. A fossil fuel power plant burns Fossil fuels such as Coal, Natural gas or Petroleum (oil to produce Electricity. A reservoir on the river Ruda was constructed to provide it with cooling water. Ruda may refer to Ruda Sweden Ruda Italy Ruda, a village in Ghelari Commune Hunedoara County In 2002, the University of Economics (Akademia Ekomomiczna), the University of Silesia (Uniwersytet Śląski), both in based Katowice, and the Silesian Polytechnic University (Politechnika Śląska) based in Gliwice established a joint campus in Rybnik to improve academic training opportunities in the area. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Historical and Social Background The University of Silesia in Katowice was established in 1968 as the ninth university in Poland and is an autonomous Katowice (Katovice Kattowitz is a City in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica Gliwice (Gleiwitz is an industrial City in southern Poland with 200361 inhabitants (2004 on the Kłodnica River about 20 km to the west from
Tourism
In contrast to the central part of the Upper Silesian Industry Area a short distance to the north, Rybnik enjoys the reputation of a "green" city having a relatively clean environment. Upper Silesian Industry Area (Upper Silesian Industrial Region ( Polish: Górnośląski Okręg Przemysłowy, GOP is a Conurbation in Upper Silesia While the city is no centre of tourism, it does have various interesting sights and opportunities for recreation. To the north-east of the built-up area, there is a reservoir (Zalew Rybnicki) on the river Ruda, which serves as a cooling water source for the power station. Ruda may refer to Ruda Sweden Ruda Italy Ruda, a village in Ghelari Commune Hunedoara County Surrounded by forests, it offers swimming, fishing, sailing and surfing opportunities, and due to the power station's waste heat it is warm enough all year to be a habitat for grass carps. The Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella) is a Herbivorous, Freshwater Fish. The Beskidy Mountains, a popular recreational area, also for skiing, are within a 1-2 hours drive. The Beskids (Beskidy Beskydy Beskydy Rusyn: Бескиды Бескиди is a traditional name for a series of Mountain ranges in the northeastern Czech
Sights worth visiting:
- the neo-gothic basilica of St. The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began The Latin word basilica (derived from Greek, Basiliké Stoà, Royal Stoa) was originally used to describe a Roman Anthony (Bazylika św. Antoniego),
- the building of the former district authority (1887),
- the neo-classical new town hall (1928),
- the neo-classical old town hall with clock-tower, today housing the registry office and the museum of local history,
- the Church of St. In England and Wales The Register Office is primarily the local office for the registration of births deaths and marriages (BD&M and for the conducting of civil marriages Catherine (Kościół św. Katarzyny) (1534),
- the Church of St. Lawrence (Kościół św. Wawrzyńca) (1717),
- a late Baroque estate house (1736),
- a Piast castle from the early 13th century, completely redesigned in the 18th century. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Piast dynasty is the name used since the 17th century for Polish Royal Dynasty that ruled Poland from its beginnings as Duchy ruled by Mieszko
Famous people from Rybnik
- Jerzy Dudek, Real Madrid and Polish national football team goalkeeper,
- Henryk Górecki, composer of classical music. Jerzy Dudek (ˈjɛʒɨ ˈdudɛk born March 23, 1973 in Rybnik, Poland) is a Polish football player who plays for In many team Sports a goalkeeper (termed goaltender netminder, goalie, or keeper in some sports Henryk Mikołaj Górecki (ˈxɛnrɨk mʲiˈkɔwaj guˈrɛ͡tski (born December 6 1933 in Czernica, Silesia, Poland) is a Polish Composer A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music
- Otto Landsberg, German politician. Otto Landsberg ( December 4, 1869 &ndash December 9, 1957) was a German jurist and politician Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
- Thomas Zdebel, Polish football player of Silesian-German descent. Tomasz Zdebel (born May 25, 1973) is a Polish - German footballer. Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as
- Ewa Sonnet, Polish model and singer. Ewa Sonnet (born March 8, 1985 in Rybnik, Poland) is a Polish Adult model and pop Singer. A model is a person who is posed or displayed for the purpose of Art, Fashion, or other products and Advertising.
- Lidia Grychtolówna, Polish pianist
- Adam Makowicz, Polish jazz pianist
- Piotr Paleczny, Polish pianist
Sports
In 2006, the 8th European Glider Aerobatic Championships took place in Rybnik. Adam Makowicz (born Adam Matyszkowicz August 18 1940 in Gnojnik, Germany) is a Polish - American Pianist and The European Gliding Championships is a gliding competition held every two years or so
The aeroclub of Rybnik is very successful in national and international glider aerobatic competitions: Jerzy Makula won the European Glider Aerobatic Championships two times and the World Glider Aerobatic Championships six times. Terminology A "glider" is an unpowered Aircraft. The most common types of glider are today used for sporting purposes Competition aerobatics is an air sport in which judges rate the skill of pilots performing aerobatic flying Jerzy Makula (born 1952 in Żory) is a Polish pilot who won the FAI World Glider Aerobatic Championships six times The European Gliding Championships is a gliding competition held every two years or so The World Gliding Championships is a gliding competition held every two years or so by the FAI Gliding Commission. [1] Other current or former members of the Polish national glider aerobatics team from Aeroclub ROW are Małgorzata Margańska, Krzysztof Brzikalik, Lucjan Fizia, Stanisław Makula and Ireneusz Boczkowski. [2]
Twin towns
Bedburg-Hau, Dorsten, Eurasburg, Haderslev, Ivano-Frankivs'k, Karvina, Larissa, Lievin, Mazamet, Newtownabbey, Saint Vallier, Szolnok, Vilnius County
References
- ^ Rankings of Jerzy Makula in FAI European and World Aerobatic Championships - accessed 2008-02-09
- ^ Aeroclub ROW: aerobatics (in Polish) - accessed 2008-02-09
External links
- http://www.rybnik.pl/ Rybnik's Official website (Polish, some content in English)
- http://www.rybnik.com.pl/ Commercial information portal (Polish only)
- http://www.rybnicki.info/ Independent information portal (Polish only)
- http://www.rybnicki.com/ The Photo-website of Rybnik (Polish and Silesian)
- http://www.rybnik.zobacz.slask.pl/ Rybnik, Silesia (Polish, some content in English)
- http://www.row.rybnik.pl/ Site made by fans about football club in Rybnik (KS ROW Rybnik) (Polish only)
- http://www.dfk-rybnik.vdg.pl/ German minority in Rybnik (German)
- http://www.freundeskreis-rybnik.de/ Friends of Rybnik in the German twin town of Dorsten (German)
- http://www.infonacja.pl/ Company Information portal (Polish only)
- http://www.smolna.rybnik.pl/ First information portal for Rybnik's quarter - Smolna (Polish only)
- http://zapomniany.rybnik.pl/ Rybnik during World War II (Polish only)
- http://www.kampus.rybnik.pl/ rybnickie pismo akademickie KAMPUS
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