Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court
Incumbent
Assumed office  August 10, 1993
Nominated by	Bill Clinton
Preceded by	Byron White
Born	March 15, 1933 (1933-03-15) (age 75) Brooklyn, New York
Spouse	Martin D. Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States are the members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States Byron Raymond White ( June 8, 1917 &ndash April 15, 2002) won fame both as a football Running back and as an associate justice of Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Ginsburg
Religion	Jewish

Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg (born March 15, 1933, Brooklyn, New York) is an Associate Justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. Associate Justice or Associate Judge is the title for a member of a judicial panel who is not the Chief Justice. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Appointed by Democratic President Bill Clinton, she is considered to be one of the Court's two most liberal justices. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States

Having spent 13 years as a federal judge, but not being a career jurist, she is unusual as a Supreme Court justice for having spent a considerable portion of her career as an advocate for the equal citizenship status of women and men as a constitutional principle. She engaged in advocacy as a volunteer lawyer for the American Civil Liberties Union, and in the 1970s, was a member of the ACLU's Board and one of its General Counsel. The American Civil Liberties Union ( ACLU) consists of two separate Non-profit organizations the ACLU Foundation a 501(c(3 organization which focuses She served as a professor at Rutgers University School of Law and Columbia Law School and a federal judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Rutgers School of Law—Newark is the oldest of the three law schools in New Jersey Columbia Law School, located in New York City, is one of the professional schools of Columbia University, a member of the Ivy League. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, known informally as the D She is the second woman and the first Jewish woman to serve on the United States Supreme Court. In 2007, Forbes magazine rated her as the 20th most powerful woman in the world, and as the most powerful female lawyer in the world.

Early life

Ginsburg was born Ruth Joan Bader in Brooklyn, New York, the second daughter of Nathan and Celia Bader. Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Ginsburg's family called her "Kiki". ^[1] Her mother took an active role in her education, taking her to the library often. Ginsburg attended James Madison High School, whose law program later dedicated a courtroom in her honor. James Madison High School is a Public high school located at 3787 Bedford Avenue Brooklyn New York, and educates grades 9 through 12 Her older sister died when she was very young. Her mother struggled with cancer throughout Ginsburg's high school years and died the day before her graduation.

Ruth Bader married Martin D. Ginsburg, later a professor of law at Georgetown University Law Center and an internationally prominent tax lawyer, in 1954. Georgetown University Law Center ( Georgetown Law) is Georgetown University 's Law school, located in Washington D Their daughter Jane is Professor of Literary and Artistic Property Law at the Columbia Law School, and their son James is founder and president of Cedille Records, a classical music recording company based in Chicago. Jane C Ginsburg (born 1955 is the Morton L Janklow Professor of Literary and Artistic Property Law at the Columbia Law School. Columbia Law School, located in New York City, is one of the professional schools of Columbia University, a member of the Ivy League. Cedille Records is the Independent record label of The Chicago Classical Recording Foundation — a foundation dedicated to preserving Chicago’s rich musical heritage by documenting

Ginsburg received her B.A. from Cornell University, where Vladimir Nabokov was among her professors. This page is about the novelist For his father the politician see Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov. In 1954 she enrolled at Harvard Law School. Harvard Law School (also known as Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional Graduate schools of Harvard University. When her husband took a job in New York City she transferred to Columbia Law School and became the first woman to be on both the Harvard and Columbia law reviews. Columbia Law School, located in New York City, is one of the professional schools of Columbia University, a member of the Ivy League. The Harvard Law Review is a journal of legal scholarship published by an independent student group at Harvard Law School. The Columbia Law Review is a Law review edited and published entirely by students at Columbia Law School. She earned her LL.B. degree at Columbia, tied for first in her class. The Bachelor of Laws (abbreviated LLB, LLB or rarely LlB) is an undergraduate or bachelor degree in law offered in most Common law ^[2]

In 1959 Ginsburg began a clerkship for Judge Edmund L. Palmieri of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (S From 1961 to 1963 she was a research associate and then associate director of the Columbia Law School Project on International Procedure, learning Swedish to co-author a book on judicial procedure in Sweden. Swedish ( is a North Germanic language spoken by more than nine million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Ginsburg conducted extensive research for her book in Sweden at the University of Lund. Lund University (Lunds universitet located in Lund in southernmost Sweden is one of Sweden 's most prestigious Universities and one of Scandinavia ^[3]

She was a Professor of Law at Rutgers School of Law-Newark from 1963 to 1972, and at Columbia from 1972 to 1980, where she became the first tenured woman and co-authored the first law school case book on sex discrimination. Rutgers School of Law—Newark is the oldest of the three law schools in New Jersey Sexism is the belief or attitude that one Gender or Sex is inferior to or less valuable than the other and can also refer to a Hatred or distrust towards

In 1977 she became a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University. Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University or simply Stanford, is a private Research university located in As the chief litigator of the ACLU's women's rights project, she argued several cases in front of the Supreme Court and attained a reputation as a skilled oral advocate. The American Civil Liberties Union ( ACLU) consists of two separate Non-profit organizations the ACLU Foundation a 501(c(3 organization which focuses

Judicial career

Ruth Bader Ginsburg officially accepts the nomination from President Bill Clinton.

Ginsburg was appointed a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by President Carter in 1980. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, known informally as the D James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002

President Bill Clinton nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court on June 14, 1993. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) During her subsequent confirmation hearings in the U.S. Senate, she refused to answer questions regarding her personal views on most issues or how she would adjudicate certain hypothetical situations as a Supreme Court Justice. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives A number of Senators on the committee came away frustrated, with unanswered questions about how Ginsburg planned to make the transition from an advocate for causes she personally held dear, to a Justice on the highest court in America. Despite this, Ginsburg refused to discuss her beliefs about the limits and proper role of jurisprudence, saying "Were I to rehearse here what I would say and how I would reason on such questions, I would act injudiciously".

At the same time, Ginsburg did answer questions relating to some potentially controversial issues. For instance, she affirmed her belief in a constitutional right to privacy, and explicated at some length on her personal judicial philosophy and thoughts regarding gender equality. ^[4] The U. S. Senate confirmed her by a 96 to 3 vote^[5] and she took her seat on August 10, 1993. Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar)

Ginsburg characterizes her performance on the court as a cautious approach to adjudication, and argued in a speech shortly before her nomination to the Supreme Court that "[m]easured motions seem to me right, in the main, for constitutional as well as common law adjudication. Doctrinal limbs too swiftly shaped, experience teaches, may prove unstable. "^[6] Ginsburg has urged that the Supreme Court allow for dialogue with elected branches, while others argue that would inevitably lead to politicizing the court.

Though Ginsburg has consistently supported abortion rights and joined in the Supreme Court's opinion striking down Nebraska's partial-birth abortion law in Stenberg v. Carhart (2000), she has criticized the court's ruling in Roe v. Wade as terminating a nascent, democratic movement to liberalize abortion laws which might have built a more durable consensus in support of abortion rights. Overview See also Ethical aspects of abortion Pro-choice advocates emphasize their beliefs that having a child is a personal choice that affects a woman's body and Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and Intact dilation and extraction ( IDX or intact D&X) also known as intact dilation and evacuation ( intact D&E) dilation and extraction Stenberg Attorney General of Nebraska et al v Carhart, 530 US Roe v Wade, 410 US 113 (1973 is a controversial United States Supreme Court case that resulted in a Landmark decision regarding She has also been an advocate for using foreign law and norms to shape U. S. law in judicial opinions, in contrast to the textualist views of her colleagues Chief Justice John Roberts, Justice Antonin Scalia, Justice Clarence Thomas and Justice Samuel Alito. Textualism is a formalist theory of statutory interpretation which holds that a Statute 's ordinary meaning should govern its interpretation as opposed to inquiries John Glover Roberts Jr (born January 27 1955) is the seventeenth and current Chief Justice of the United States. (born March 11, 1936) is an American Jurist and the second most senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American Jurist. He has been serving as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Samuel Anthony Alito Jr (born April 1, 1950) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Despite their fundamental differences, Ginsburg considers Scalia her closest colleague in the Court, often dining and attending operas together.

Ginsburg was diagnosed with colo-rectal cancer in 1999 and underwent surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiation treatments. Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or large bowel cancer, includes Cancerous growths in the colon, Rectum and The condition appears to be arrested.

Ginsburg is part of the "liberal wing" in the current court and has a Segal-Cover score of 0. Modern liberalism in the United States, also referred to as American liberalism, is a political ideology that seeks to use the power of the state to effect change upon society Segal-Cover scores attempt to measure the relative liberalism or conservatism of United States Supreme Court justices 680 placing her as the most liberal (by that measure, which takes no account of judicial actions post-confirmation) of current justices, although more moderate than those of many other post-War justices. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In a 2003 statistical analysis of Supreme Court voting patterns, Ginsburg emerged the second most liberal member of the Court (behind Justice Stevens). John Paul Stevens (born April 20, 1920) is currently the most senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. ^[7][8]

Some notable cases in which Ginsburg wrote an opinion:

• United States v. Virginia Court Opinion
• Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc. Court Opinion
• Bush v. Gore Dissenting
• Eldred v. Ashcroft Court Opinion
• Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Industries Corp. Court Opinion

In June 2008, the New York Times reported that Justice Ginsburg appears to be the court’s wealthiest member, with assets of at least $11 million and as much as $50 million as of the end of 2007. United States v Virginia,, is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States struck down the Virginia Military Institute 's long-standing Friends of the Earth, Inc et al v Laidlaw Environmental Services Inc Bush v Gore,, was a United States Supreme Court case decided on December 12, 2000. Eldred v Ashcroft, 537 US 186 (2003 challenged the constitutionality of the 1998 Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA Exxon Mobil Corp v Saudi Basic Industries Corp, 544 US 280 (2005 is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States clarified the Rooker-Feldman

"Ginsburg Precedent"

More than a decade passed between the time Ginsburg and Stephen Breyer were appointed and the time another justice left the court. Stephen Gerald Breyer (born August 15 1938 is an American Attorney and Jurist. In that time, both Congress and the White House had switched to Republican control. When Sandra Day O'Connor announced her retirement in the summer of 2005 (with William Rehnquist's death a few months later), both sides began to squabble about just how many questions President George W. Bush's nominees would be expected to answer. Sandra Day O'Connor (born March 26, 1930) is an American Jurist. William Hubbs Rehnquist (October 1 1924 – September 3 2005 was an American lawyer, jurist, and a political figure who served as an Associate Justice George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The debate heated up when hearings for John Roberts began in September 2005. John Glover Roberts Jr (born January 27 1955) is the seventeenth and current Chief Justice of the United States. Republicans used an argument that they called the "Ginsburg Precedent", which centered on Ginsburg's confirmation hearings. ^[9] In those hearings, she did not answer some questions involving matters such as abortion, gay rights, separation of church and state, rights of the disabled, and so on. An Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender social movements share related goals of social acceptance of Homosexuality, Bisexuality and Transgenderism Lesbian Separation of church and state is a Political and Legal Doctrine that Government and religious institutions are to be kept separate Only one witness was allowed to testify "against" Ginsburg at her confirmation hearings, and the hearings lasted only four days. ^[10]

In a September 28, 2005, speech at Wake Forest University, Ginsburg said that Chief Justice Roberts refusing to answer questions on some cases was "unquestionably right. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Wake Forest University is a private, coeducational University in North Carolina, founded in 1834 " ^[11] However, as the following sentence in the speech made clear, this statement did not affirm the existence of a "precedent" which the Judiciary Committee was obliged to follow; it was merely a statement the nominee could, at his discretion, refuse to answer questions about how he might rule.

Democrats had argued against Roberts' refusal to answer certain questions, saying that Ginsburg had made her views very clear, even if she did not comment on all specific matters, and that due to her lengthy tenure as a judge, many of her legal opinions were already available for review. Democrats also pointed out that Republican Senator Orrin Hatch had recommended Ginsburg to then-President Clinton, which suggested Clinton worked in a bipartisan manner. Orrin Grant Hatch (born March 22, 1934) is a Republican United States Senator from Utah, serving since 1977 Hatch also recommended Roberts.

During the John Roberts confirmation hearings, Biden, Hatch, and Roberts himself brought up Ginsburg's hearings several times as they argued over how many questions she answered and how many Roberts was expected to answer. John Glover Roberts Jr (born January 27 1955) is the seventeenth and current Chief Justice of the United States. The "precedent" was again cited several times during the confirmation hearings for Justice Samuel Alito. Samuel Anthony Alito Jr (born April 1, 1950) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

References

Bibliography

• Clinton, Bill (2005). My Life. Vintage. ISBN 1-4000-3003-X.

• Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Foreword to Garner on Language and Writing (West Group 2008). Garner on Language and Writing (ISBN 159031588X published in early 2008 contains more than a hundred of Bryan A ISBN-10: 159031588X.

External links

• Supreme court official bio (PDF)