Russians (Russkie)
D. Donskoy • M. Lomonosov • L. Tolstoy A. Chekhov • F. Dostoevsky • P. Tchaikovsky M. Tsvetaeva • Y. Gagarin • K. Tsiolkovsky S. Korolyov • C. Stanislavski • A. Pushkin
Total population
137 million (est. Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (Михаи́л Васи́льевич Ломоно́сов () was a Russian Polymath, scientist Leo Tolstoy, or Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy ( –) (Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й, was a Russian Writer widely regarded Anton Pavlovich Chekhov ( –) (Анто́н Па́влович Че́хов) was a Russian short-story writer and Playwright, considered to be one Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (Фёдор Миха́йлович Достое́вский, sometimes transliterated Dostoyevsky, Dostoievsky, Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva (Мари́на Ива́новна Цвета́ева Marina Ivanovna Cvetaeva ( &ndash 31 August 1941 was a Russian and Soviet Poet Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov (often Transliterated as Sergei Korolev) (Серге́й Па́влович Королёв Сергій Павлович Корольов Constantin Sergeyevich Stanislavski (Константин )
Regions with significant populations
Russia: 115,889,000[1]
Ukraine 8,334,000[2]  Kazakhstan 4,480,000[3]  Belarus 1,142,000[4]  United States 750,000[5]  Uzbekistan 700,000[6]  Latvia 646,567[7]  Kyrgyzstan 604,000[8]  Moldova 500,000[9]  Estonia 345,000[10]  United Kingdom 300,000[11]  Lithuania 220,000[12]  Germany 178,600[13]  Azerbaijan 144,000[14]  Turkmenistan 142,000[15]  France 115,000  Argentina 100,000  Canada 98,245[16]  Brazil 70,000[17]  Tajikistan 68,200[18]  Georgia 67,671[19]  Australia 60,200[20]  Paraguay 55,000[21]  Cuba 50,200[22]  Finland 33,401[23]  Romania 30,000[24]  China 15,600[25]  Bulgaria 15,595[26]  Armenia 14,660[27]  Sweden 8,900[28]  Japan 6,000[29]  Czech Republic 5,062[30]
Languages
Russian
Religions
Predominantly Russian Orthodox Christians. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Kyrgyzstan (ˈkɻ̩gɪztɑn (AmE or /'kɝgəztan/ (BrE Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан; Russian: Киргизия or Киргизстан or Кыргызстан Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South Turkmenistan ( Türkmenistan; also known as Turkmenia) is a Turkic country in Central Asia. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Tajikistan (təˈdʒɪkɨstæn or /təˈdʒiːkɨstæn/ Тоҷикистон tɔʤikɪsˈtɔn or, Persian تاجیکستان‎ taajikestaan officially the Republic of Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure Some Russians are Old Believers (a relatively small group of Orthodox Christians). Introductory summary of origins In 1652 Nikon (1605 – 1681 Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church from 1652 to 1658 introduced a number of ritual and textual Small minority of Russians are Protestants
Related ethnic groups
Other Slavic peoples, especially East Slavs (Belarusians, Ukrainians, Rusyns). Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic languages. Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens Rusyns (also referred to as Русины Ruthenians Ruthenes Rusins Carpatho-Rusyns and Rusnaks) are a Slavic Ethnic group that speaks

The Russian people (Russian: Русские—Russkie ) are an East Slavic ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic languages. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending

The English term Russians is also used to refer to citizens of Russia or the former Soviet Union, regardless of their ethnicity (see demographics of Russia for information on other nationalities inhabiting Russia); in Russian, this meaning is covered by term Rossiyanin (Россиянин, plural Rossiyane). English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Russia 's area is about 17 million square kilometers (65 million sq Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages According to 2002 census, ethnic Russians make up about 80% of the population of Russia ^[31]

Contents 1 Origins 2 Emergence of Russian ethnicity 3 Population 4 Culture 5 Language 6 Religion 7 Russians outside of Russia 7.1 Russian Chinese 8 Contribution to humanity 9 See also 10 References and notes 11 External links

Origins

• See the article about the old legend Lech, Czech and Rus. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population According to an old legend Lech Čech and Rus were Eponymous brothers who founded the three Slavic nations Poland (poetically
• See the article about the Primary Chronicle. The Primary Chronicle (ѣѣтъ Пóвесть временны́х лет Povest' vremennykh let; Пóвість врéм'яних літ Povist' vremjanykh

Russians, predecessors were the medieval East Slavic nation Rus’, who were also the predecessors of Belarusians and Ukrainians. The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic languages. Rus’ (Русь rusʲ Русичи Русы are an ancient people whose name survives in the cognates Russians, Rusyns, and Ruthenians Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens

Very little is known about the Russians and East Slavs in general prior to approximately 859 AD, the date from which the account in the Primary Chronicle (a history of the Ancient Rus from around 850 to 1110 originally compiled in Kiev about 1113) starts. The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic languages. The Primary Chronicle (ѣѣтъ Пóвесть временны́х лет Povest' vremennykh let; Пóвість врéм'яних літ Povist' vremjanykh

By 600 AD, the Slavs had split linguistically into southern, western, and eastern branches. The East Slavs flooded Eastern Europe in two streams. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. One group of tribes settled along the Dnieper river in what is now Ukraine; they then spread northward to the northern Volga valley, east of modern-day Moscow and westward to the basins of the northern Dniester and the Southern Buh rivers in present-day Moldova and southern Ukraine. For the rocket see Dnepr rocket. For other uses see Dnieper (disambiguation. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The Dniester (Дністер translit Dnister; Nistru is a river in Eastern Europe. Boh redirects here see also BOH tea. The Western Bug or Buh is another river which flows from Ukraine through Poland Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania

Another group of East Slavs moved from Pomerania to the northeast, where they encountered the Varangians of the Rus' Khaganate and established an important regional centre of Novgorod. The Varangians or Varyags ( Old Norse: Væringjar Greek: Βάραγγοι Βαριάγοι Váraggoi / Varyágoi, Ukrainian The Rus' Khaganate Volkhov Rus, Ilmen Rus, or Novgorod Rus --> was a Polity that flourished during a poorly documented Veliky Novgorod (Вели́кий Но́вгород is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia and the administrative center of Novgorod The same Slavic population also settled the present-day Tver Oblast and the region of Beloozero. Tver Oblast (Тверска́я о́бласть Tverskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Belozersk (Белозе́рск known as Beloozero (ru Белоо́зеро until 1777 (lit Having reached the lands of the Merya near Rostov, they linked up with the Dnieper group of Slavic migrants. Merya people (Меря also Merä) were an ancient Finno-Ugric people who lived in the regions of modern Russian cities of Moscow, Rostov (Росто́в Old Norse: Rostofa is one of the oldest towns in Russia and an important tourist centre of the so called Golden

Emergence of Russian ethnicity

According to most ethnologists, ethnic Russians originated from the earlier Rus people (East Slavs or Kievan Rus) and gradually evolved into a different ethnicity from the western Rus peoples, who became the modern-day Belarusians and Ukrainians. Rus’ (Русь rusʲ Русичи Русы are an ancient people whose name survives in the cognates Russians, Rusyns, and Ruthenians Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Русь romanised: Kievskaya Rus', rusʲ also written as Kyivan Rus′ (Ки́ївська Русь or Kievan Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens Early ancestors of the Russians were East Slavic tribes migrating to the East European Plain in the early Middle Ages. The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic languages. The East European Plain (also Russian Plain) is a Plain comprised of a series of river basins in Eastern Europe. Most prominent Slavic tribes in the area of what is now European Russia included Vyatichs, Krivichs, Radimichs, Severians and Ilmen Slavs. The Vyatichs or more properly Vyatichi or Viatichi (вя́тичи were a Tribe of Early East Slavs who inhabited a part of the Oka The Krivichi (Крывічы Kryvičý Кривичи krʲivʲi'tɕi was one of the tribal unions of Early East Slavs between the 6th and the 12th centuries The Radimichs ( Радзiмiчы in Belarusian, Радимичи in Russian; Радимичі in Ukrainian) were a The Severians or Severyans or Siverians were a tribe or tribal union of Early East Slavs occupying areas to the east of the middle Dnieper river The Ilmen Slavs (Ильменские славяне the northernmost Tribe of the Early East Slavs, which inhabited the shores of the Lake Ilmen and the By the 11th century, East Slavs assimilited the Finno-Ugric tribes Merya and Muroma and the Baltic tribe Eastern Galindae that used to populate the same area with them (now Central Russia). Merya people (Меря also Merä) were an ancient Finno-Ugric people who lived in the regions of modern Russian cities of Moscow, The Muromians (Мурома were a Finno-Ugric tribe who lived in the Oka River basin of what is now Russia. The Balts or Baltic peoples (People who live by the Baltic Sea) defined as speakers of one of the Baltic languages, a branch of the Indo-European term Galindians may be applied to two distinct and now extinct tribes of the Balts. Central Federal District (Центра́льный федера́льный о́круг Tsentralny federalny okrug) is one of the seven federal districts of

In the First All Union Census of the Soviet Union, in 1926, they were classified as a Narodnost. The First All Union Census of the Soviet Union took place in 1926 Ethnic Russians known as Great Russians (as opposed to White Russians and Little Russians) began to be recognized as a distinct ethnic group in the 15th century. Great Russia (Великороссия Velikorossiya) is an obsolete name formerly applied to the territories of "Russia proper" the land that formed the core " White Russia " (Белая Русь ~ White Ruthenia is a name that has historically been applied to various regions in Eastern Europe, most often Little Russia, sometimes Little or Lesser Rus’ ( Malorossiya; Mala Rus’) was the name applied to parts of the territory of modern-day At that time, during the consolidation of the Muscovy Tsardom as a regional power, they were referred to as Muscovite Russians. The Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое княжество Московское was a medieval Russian polity centered on Moscow between 1340 and Between the 12th and 16th century, Russians known as Pomors migrated to Northern Russia and settled the White Sea coasts. Pomors or Pomory (помо́ры is the distinctive native name for an ethnic community of an indigenous population of Pomor'e (European Russian North living on the The White Sea (Бе́лое мо́ре Vienanmeri is an Inlet of the Barents Sea on the northwest coast of Russia. As a result of these migrations and Russian conquests, following the liberation from the Mongol Golden Horde domination during the 15th and 16th century, Russians settled the Volga, Urals and Northern Caucasus regions. The Mongol invasion of Rus' was heralded by the Battle of the Kalka River in 1223 between Subutai 's reconnaissance unit and the combined force This article refers to the medieval Turkic state For the Irish rock band see The Golden Horde (band. Volga (Privolzhsky Federal District (Приво́лжский федера́льный о́круг tr Urals Federal District (Ура́льский федера́льный о́круг tr Southern Federal District ( Russian: Ю́жный федера́льный о́круг tr Between the 17th and 19th century, Russian migrants settled eastwards in the vast, sparsely inhabited areas of Siberia and the Russian Far East. Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving Russian Far East (Да́льний Восто́к Росси́и ˈdalʲnʲɪj vʌˈstok rʌˈsʲiɪ is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i Russian Cossacks played a major role in these territorial expansions and migrations. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern

Language: Modern Russian gradually evolved from the Old East Slavic and Church Slavonic between the 15th and 18th century. Old East Slavic, also known as Old Russian (древнерусский or Old Ruthenian, was a vernacular literary language used from the 10th to the 14th centuries Church Slavonic (also Church Slavic, Old Bulgarian) is the Liturgical language of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Macedonian Orthodox

Population

Russians are the most numerous ethnic group in Europe and one of the largest in the world with a population of about 140 million people worldwide. Roughly 116 million ethnic Russians live in Russia and about 20 million more live in the neighboring countries. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending A relatively significant number of Russians, around 3 million, live elsewhere in the world, mostly in the Americas and Western Europe, but also in other places of Eastern Europe, Asia and elsewhere. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent.

Culture

Russian art is very important and considered by many to be unique and some of the most important painters in the world are Russian. Russian culture is one that is rich and colorful Russians have a rich cuisine. Russian humour gains much of its wit from the great flexibility and richness of the Russian language. Russian humour gains much of its wit from the great flexibility and richness of the Russian language, allowing for plays on words and unexpected associations Russian literature was greatly influential to world literature. This article is about literature from Russia For the song by Maxïmo Park, see Our Earthly Pleasures. Notable Russian writers including Aleksandr Pushkin, Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Anton Chekhov, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Boris Pasternak, Anna Akhmatova, Joseph Brodsky, Maxim Gorky, Vladimir Nabokov, Mikhail Sholokhov, Mikhail Bulgakov, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. Leo Tolstoy, or Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy ( –) (Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й, was a Russian Writer widely regarded Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (Фёдор Миха́йлович Достое́вский, sometimes transliterated Dostoyevsky, Dostoievsky, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov ( –) (Анто́н Па́влович Че́хов) was a Russian short-story writer and Playwright, considered to be one Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (Влади́мир Влади́мирович Маяко́вский ( &ndash April 14, 1930) was a Russian poet and Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (Бори́с Леони́дович Пастерна́к ( — May 30, 1960) was a Nobel Prize -winning Soviet Anna Akhmatova (А́нна Ахма́това real name А́нна Андре́евна Горе́нко ( — March 5 1966 was the Pen name of Anna Andreevna Gorenko Joseph Brodsky ( May 24, 1940 — January 28, 1996) born Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky (Иосиф Александрович Бродский Aleksey Maksimovich Peshkov ( In Алексе́й Макси́мович Пешко́в ( &ndash June 18, 1936) better known as Maxim Gorky (Максим This page is about the novelist For his father the politician see Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov. Michail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov ( Russian: Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Шо́лохов mʲɪxɐˈil əlʲɪˈksandrəvʲɪtɕ ˈʂoləxəf ( – Mikhail Afanasievich Bulgakov (Михаил Афанасьевич Булгаков, Kiev &ndash March 10, 1940, Moscow) was a Russian Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn ( Алекса́ндр Иса́евич Солжени́цын) (December 11 1918 – August 3 2008 was a Russian Novelist Russians also gave the classical music world some very famous composers. Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music

Language

Main article: Russian language

Russian (русский язык (help·info), transliteration: Russkiy yazyk, [ˈruskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk]) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia and the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages. The Romanization of the Russian alphabet is the process of transliterating the Russian language from the Cyrillic alphabet and For the superstate in George Orwell 's novel see Nations of Nineteen Eighty-Four. The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of three (or, according to some authorities, four) living members of the East Slavic languages, the others being Belarusian and Ukrainian (and possibly Rusyn, often considered a dialect of Ukrainian). The East Slavic languages constitute one of three regional subgroups of Slavic languages, currently spoken in Eastern Europe. The Belarusian language, or Belorussian,(беларуская мова BGN/PCGN: byelaruskaya mova, Scientific: belaruskaja mova Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Rusyn (ry русинськый язык) is an East Slavic language (along with Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian, with which it shares

Written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century onwards, and while Russian preserves much of East Slavonic grammar and a Common Slavonic word base, modern Russian exhibits a large stock of borrowed international vocabulary for politics, science, and technology. Proto-Slavic is the Proto-language from which Slavic languages later emerged Due to the status of the Soviet Union as a super power, Russian had great political importance in the 20th century, and is still one of the official languages of the United Nations. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 A superpower is a State with a leading position in the international system and the ability to Influence events and project power on a worldwide scale The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security

Russian has palatal secondary articulation of consonants, the so-called soft and hard sounds. Palatalization or palatalisation (ˌpælətəlɨˈzeɪʃən generally refers to two phenomena As a process or the result of a process Secondary articulation refers to Co-articulated consonants where the two articulations are not of the same manner. In Articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a Speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the upper Vocal tract, the upper vocal This distinction is found in almost all consonant phonemes and is one of the most distinguishing features of the language. The phoneME project is Sun Microsystems reference implementation of Java virtual machine and associated libraries of Java ME with source licensed under the GNU Another important aspect is the reduction, or drawling, of unstressed vowels, not entirely unlike a similar process present in most forms of English. Vowel reduction is the term in Phonetics that refers to various changes in the acoustic quality of Vowels which are related to changes in stress In Linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain Syllables in a word In Phonetics, a vowel is a Sound in spoken Language, such as English ah! or oh!, pronounced with an open Vocal tract English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Stress in Russian is generally quite unpredictable and can be placed on almost any syllable, one of the most difficult aspects for foreign language learners.

Religion

Main article: Religion in Russia

Around 63 % of Russian population identify themselves with the Orthodox Christianity^[32] most of whom belong to the Russian Orthodox Church, which played a vital role in the development of Russian national identity. Orthodox Christianity ( Russian: Православие Pravoslavije) is Russia’s traditional religion deemed part of Russia's "historical See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure In other countries Russian faithful usually belong to the local Orthodox congregations which either have a direct connection (like the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, autonomous under the Patriarch of Moscow) or historical origin (like the Orthodox Church in America or a Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia) with the Russian Orthodox Church. Name For the purpose of distinguishing the two Orthodox Churches the Ukrainian Orthodox Church is often referred to in public as the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate Metropolitans Maximus ( 1283 - 1305) St Peter ( 1308 - 1326) vacant The Orthodox Church in America ( OCA) is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church in North America. The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (Ру́сская Правосла́вная Це́рковь Заграни́цей ru Russkaya Pravoslavnaya Tserkov' Zagranitsey

Even non-religious Russian people mostly associate themselves with Orthodox faith for cultural reasons. Some Russian people are Old Believers: a relatively small schismatic group of the Russian Orthodoxy that rejected the liturgical reforms introduced in the 17th century. Introductory summary of origins In 1652 Nikon (1605 – 1681 Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church from 1652 to 1658 introduced a number of ritual and textual The word schism (ˈsɪzəm or /ˈskɪzəm/ from the Greek σχίσμα skhísma (from σχίζω skhízō, "to tear to split"

Despite continuing growth in religious observance since Soviet times, church attendance rates in Russia are relatively low. A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia.

Other world religions have negligible representation among ethnic Russians. The most prominent are Baptists with over 85 000 Russian adherents. Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. ^[33] others are mostly, Pentecostals, Evangelicals and Seventh-day Adventists. Pentecostalism is a renewalist religious movement within Christianity that places special emphasis on the direct personal experience of God through the Baptism Evangelicalism is a theological movement tradition and system of beliefs most closely associated with Protestant Christianity, which identifies with the Gospel The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated " Adventist " Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance

For the last decades Slavianism (Slavic Neopagan movements) seems to gain certain popularity and there are many web-sites dedicated to the study of the ancient Slavic religious traditions and thoughts. Rodnovery (from Russian Родноверие, Rodnoverie, a Compound word of rodno "native" and vera "faith" ^[34][35][36]

Russians outside of Russia

Main article: Russian diaspora

Ethnic Russians historically migrated throughout the area of former Russian Empire and Soviet Union, sometimes encouraged to re-settle in borderlands by Tsarist and later Soviet government. The term Russian diaspora refers to the global community of ethnic Russians. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 On some occasions ethnic Russian communities such as Lipovans who settled in Danube delta or Doukhobors in Canada immigrated as religious dissidents fleeing the central authority. Lipovans or Lippovans (Lipoveni Липовани Липоване липованци are the Old Believers, mostly of Russian ethnic origin who settled The Danube Delta ( Romanian: Delta Dunării; Ukrainian: Дельта Дунаю Del'ta Dunaju) is the second largest delta The Doukhobors or Doukhabors (Духоборы Dukhobory) earlier Dukhobortsy (Духоборцы are a Christian group of Russian Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

After the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War starting in 1917, many Russians were forced to leave their homeland fleeing the Bolshevik regime, and millions became refugees. See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction Many white emigrés were participants in the White movement, although the term is broadly applied to anyone who may have left the country due to the change in regime. The White movement (Beloie Dvijenie Белое движение whose military arm is known as the White Army (Belaia Armia Белая Армия or White Guard

Today largest ethnic Russian diasporas outside of Russia live in former Soviet states such as Ukraine (about 8 million), Kazakhstan (about 4. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the 5 million), Belarus (about 1. Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east 2 million), Latvia (about 700,000) with the most Russian settlement out of the Baltic States which includes Lithuania and Estonia, Uzbekistan (about 650,000) and Kyrgyzstan (about 600,000). Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. The Baltic states (Balti riigid Baltijas valstis Baltijos valstybės or Baltic countries are three countries in Northern Europe, all members of the Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Kyrgyzstan (ˈkɻ̩gɪztɑn (AmE or /'kɝgəztan/ (BrE Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан; Russian: Киргизия or Киргизстан or Кыргызстан

Over a million of Russian Jews emigrated to Israel during and after the Refusenik movements, some brought ethnic Russian relatives along with them. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Refusenik (אסיר ציון asir tzion, "zion prisoner" מסורב עליה mesorav aliyah, "one who is not allowed to perform Aliyah There are also small Russian communities in the Balkans, Eastern and Central European nations such as Germany and Poland, as well Russians settled in China, Japan, South Korea, Latin America (i. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː e. Mexico and Brazil) and Australia. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. These communities may identify themselves either as Russians or citizens of these countries, or both, to varying degrees.

The governments and the majority public opinion in Estonia and Latvia, which has the largest share of ethnic Russians among the Baltic countries, hold the view that many of the ethnic Russians arrived in these countries as part of a Soviet-era colonization and deliberate Russification by changing the countries' ethnic balance. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. The Baltic states (Balti riigid Baltijas valstis Baltijos valstybės or Baltic countries are three countries in Northern Europe, all members of the Colonisation (also known as Colonization) occurs whenever any one or more species populates a new area Russification (in Russian: русификация rusifikátsiya)is an adoption of the Russian language or some other Russian attribute (whether voluntarily Among the many Russians who arrived during the Soviet era most came there for economic reasons, or in some cases, because they were ordered to move.

People who had arrived to Latvia and Estonia during the Soviet era, mostly Russians, were only provided with an option to acquire naturalised citizenship which required passing a test demonstrating knowledge of the national language as well as knowledge of the country's history and customs. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region The language issue is still contentious, particularly in Latvia, where ethnic Russians have protested against plans to educate them in the national language instead of Russian. Since 1992, Estonia has naturalized some 137,000 residents of undefined citizenship, mainly ethnic Russians 136,000, or 10 percent of the total population, remain without citizenship.

Although not among the largest immigrant groups, significant numbers of Russians emigrated to Canada, Australia, the United States and Brazil. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Brighton Beach, in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, is an example of a large community of recent Russian immigrants. BrightonCOOPsJPG|thumb|Newly built luxury condos on Brighton Beach]]BrightonSchool1438 The City of New York Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. Another one is in Sunny Isles Beach, a northern suburb of Miami and "Little Moscow" in Hollywood of the Los Angeles area. Sunny Isles Beach is a city located on a barrier island in northeast Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West

At the same time, many ethnic Russians from former Soviet territories have emigrated to Russia itself since the 1990s. Many of them became refugees from a number of states of Central Asia and Caucasus (as well as from the separatist Chechen Republic), forced to flee during political unrest and hostilities towards Russians. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East The Chechen Republic (ˈʧɛʧɨn rɪˈpʌblɨk Чече́нская Респу́блика Chechenskaya Respublika; Нохчийн Республика Noxçiyn Respublika

Also are the million-plus German Russians, descendants of 16th to 18th century German settlement under the Russian empire from Belarus, the Ukraine and Central Asia in Kazakhstan and Uzbekstan. The German minority in Russia and the Soviet Union was created from several sources and in several waves The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Many have left Russia and other former Soviet states for Germany since the 1990s but aren't considered culturally Germans under the period of intense levels of "Russification". Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Russification (in Russian: русификация rusifikátsiya)is an adoption of the Russian language or some other Russian attribute (whether voluntarily

Both the European Union and the Council of Europe, as well as the Russian government, expressed their concern during the 1990s about minority rights in several countries, most notably Latvia. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The Council of Europe (Conseil de l'Europe is the oldest International organisation working towards European integration, being founded in 1949 The Government of the Russian Federation (Прави́тельство Росси́йской Федера́ции is an executive governmental body that brings together the principal Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. In Moldova, the Russian-dominated Transnistria region broke away from government control amid fears the country would soon reunite with Romania. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Transnistria, also known as Trans-Dniester, Transdniestria, and Pridnestrovie (full name Pridnestrovian Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania In June of 2006 Russian President Vladimir Putin announced the plan to introduce national policy aiming at encouraging ethnic Russian to immigrate to Russia. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia [23]

Russian Chinese

After the Russian Revolution in 1917, many Russians who were identified with the White army moved to China — most of them settling in Harbin. See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them The White movement (Beloie Dvijenie Белое движение whose military arm is known as the White Army (Belaia Armia Белая Армия or White Guard China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National ( Russian Kharbin) is a Sub-provincial city and the Capital of the Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China. Many of these Russians had to move back to the Soviet Union after World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Today, a big group of people in northern China can still speak Russian as a second language.

Russians (eluosizu) are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China (as the Russ), and there are approximately 15,600 Russian Chinese living mostly in northern Xinjiang, and also in Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Xinjiang ( Uyghur: شىنجاڭ Shinjang;; Postal map spelling: Sinkiang; Turkish: Sincan, Sincan Uygur Özerk Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol ( Postal map spelling: Heilungkiang Manchu: Sahaliyan ula is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern See also Harbin Russians and China Far East Railway. The term Harbin Russians or Russian Harbinites refers to several generations of Russians who lived in the city of Harbin, a major junction city on The Chinese Eastern Railway or CER (also known as the Chinese Far East Railway) was a Railway in northeastern China ( Manchuria)

Contribution to humanity

Russian people have greatly contributed to the world of music, sports, science and arts. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding The arts is a broad subdivision of Culture, composed of many expressive disciplines. Notable Russian scientists include Dmitri Mendeleev, Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Alexander Lodygin, Pavel Yablochkov, Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky, Ivan Kulibin, Vladimir Zworykin, Sergey Korolyov, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Andrei Tupolev, and Mikhail Lomonosov. A scientist, in the broadest sense refers to any person that engages in a systematic activity to acquire Knowledge or an individual that engages in such practices Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (sometimes spelled Mendeleyev; Дми́трий Ива́нович Менделе́ев) ( &ndash) was a Russian chemist and Alexander Stepanovich Popov (Александр Степанович Попов (Gregorian March 16 1859 - January 13 1906, Julian March Alexander Nikolayevich Lodygin ( October 18 1847 – March 16 1923) ( Александр Николаевич Лодыгин in Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov ( Павел Николаевич Яблочков in Russian) (( &ndash) was a Russian Electrical engineer, the Inventor Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky (Николай Егорович Жуковский ( &ndash March 17, 1921) was a Russian scientist founding father Ivan Petrovich Kulibin ( April 21 1735 - August 11 1818) was a Russian Mechanic and Inventor. Vladimir Kozmich Zworykin (Владимир Козьмич Зворыкин ( July 30, 1889 - July 29, 1982) was a Russian-American Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov (often Transliterated as Sergei Korolev) (Серге́й Па́влович Королёв Сергій Павлович Корольов Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev (Андрей Николаевич Туполев November 10 1888 &ndash December 23 1972 was a pioneering Soviet Aircraft designer Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (Михаи́л Васи́льевич Ломоно́сов () was a Russian Polymath, scientist

The first man in space, Yuri Gagarin, was Russian, and the first artificial satellite to be put into outer space, Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union and was developed mainly by the Russian Sergey Korolyov. This article is about artificial satellites For natural satellites also known as moons see Natural satellite. Outer space, often simply called space, comprises the relatively empty regions of the Universe outside the escape velocities of Celestial bodies. Sputnik 1 ( "Спутник-1", "Satellite-1" ПС-1 ( PS-1, i The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov (often Transliterated as Sergei Korolev) (Серге́й Па́влович Королёв Сергій Павлович Корольов

Russian Literature representatives like Fyodor Dostoevsky, Leo Tolstoy, Ivan Turgenev, Anton Chekhov, Alexander Pushkin, and many more, reached a high status in world literature. This article is about literature from Russia For the song by Maxïmo Park, see Our Earthly Pleasures. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (Фёдор Миха́йлович Достое́вский, sometimes transliterated Dostoyevsky, Dostoievsky, Leo Tolstoy, or Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy ( –) (Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й, was a Russian Writer widely regarded Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev ( ɪˈvan sʲɪrˈgʲeɪvʲɪtɕ turˈgʲenʲɪf ( &ndash) was a Russian novelist and playwright Anton Pavlovich Chekhov ( –) (Анто́н Па́влович Че́хов) was a Russian short-story writer and Playwright, considered to be one Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter In the field of the novel, Tolstoy and Dostoevsky in particular were important figures, and have remained internationally renowned. Leo Tolstoy, or Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy ( –) (Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й, was a Russian Writer widely regarded Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (Фёдор Миха́йлович Достое́вский, sometimes transliterated Dostoyevsky, Dostoievsky, Some scholars have described one or the other as the greatest novelist ever. ^[37]

Russian composers who reached a high status in the world of music include Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Dmitri Shostakovich, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Sergei Prokofiev and Sergei Rachmaninoff. This is a list of Composers of music from Russia: The Five, or The Mighty Handful a collective of Russian Romantic composers Alexander Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich ( Russian: ru Дмитрий Дмитриевич Шостакович ( &ndash 9 August 1975 was a Russian Composer Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov ( Николай Андреевич Римский-Корсаков, Nikolaj Andreevič Rimskij-Korsakov) also Nikolay Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev (Серге́й Серге́евич Проко́фьев Sergéj Sergéjevič Prokófjev) ( - 5 March 1953 was a Russian composer who WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff (Сергей Васильевич Рахманинов

Russian people had a large part in the victory over Nazi Germany at World War II. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including During the war, the Soviet Union lost around 27 million citizens (most of them Russian), about half of all World War II casualties and the vast majority of allied casualties. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including According to the British historian Richard Overy, the Eastern Front contained more combat than all the other European fronts combined; the German army suffered 80% to 93% of all casualties there. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Richard Overy (born 1947 is British historian who has Published extensively on the History of World War II and the Third Reich. The German Army (Deutsches Heer heɐ) is the land component of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. Richard Overy also wrote it was on the Eastern Front that the war was won or lost, for if the Red Army had not succeeded against all the odds in halting the Germans in 1941 and then inflicting the first major defeats at Stalingrad and Kursk in 1943, it is difficult to see how the western democracies, Britain and the US, could have expelled Germany from its new empire. Richard Overy (born 1947 is British historian who has Published extensively on the History of World War II and the Third Reich. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The Battle of Stalingrad is a commonly used name in English sources for several large operations by Germany and its allies and Soviet forces conducted with the The Battle of Kursk (Курская битва refers to a series of German and Soviet operations on the Eastern Front of World War II The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[38]

See also

• List of Russians
• Anti-Russian sentiment
• Russians in Australia
• Russians in Finland
• Russians in Ukraine
• Russians in Kazakhstan
• Russians in Japan
• Russians in China
• Russians in South Korea
• Russian culture
• Baltic Russians
• Russian colonization of the Americas
• British Russians
• Russian American
• Russian Canadian
• White Emigre

References and notes

External links

• Russians left behind in Central Asia, by Robert Greenall, BBC News, 23 November 2005. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
• Latvia: Ethnic Russians Divided On Moscow's Repatriation Scheme, by Claire Bigg, Radio Free Europe, 15 August 2006. This article is about the radio broadcast service For the REM Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
• (English) CIA factbook - Russia
• (English) China Internet Information Center - The Russian Ethnic Group
• (Russian) 4.1. Population by nationality
• (Russian) Russians: short description
• (Russian) Russians in Ecuador
• http://www.translatewin.com/ Russian-Spanish-English translations

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