Russian ruble российский рубль (Russian)[1]
5000 rubles 1 ruble
ISO 4217 Code	RUB
Official user(s)	Russia
Unofficial user(s)	Abkhazia (Georgia)  South Ossetia (Georgia)
Inflation	11. ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Abkhazia (Аҧсны Apsny აფხაზეთი Apkhazeti or Abkhazeti Абха́зия Abhazia) is a De facto Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between South Ossetia ( or; Хуссар Ирыстон Xussar Iryston; Южная Осетия Yuzhnaya Osetiya; სამხრეთი ოსეთი Samxreti Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between In economics inflation or price inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services over a period of time 9% (2007)
Source	Rosstat, 2007
Subunit
1/100	kopeck (копейка[2])
Symbol	руб
kopeck (копейка[2])	к
Plural	The language(s) of this currency belong(s) to the Slavic languages. A currency sign is a graphic symbol often used as a shorthand for a Currency 's name Plural is a Grammatical number, typically referring to more than one of the Referent in the real world The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages There is more than one way to construct plural forms. See article.
Coins	1, 5, 10, 50 kopecks, 1, 2, 5, 10 rubles
Banknotes	5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 rubles
Central bank	Bank of Russia
Website	www.cbr.ru
Printer	Goznak
Website	www.goznak.ru
Mint	Moscow mint and Saint Petersburg Mint

The ruble or rouble (Russian: рубль rublʹ, plural рубли́ rubli; see note on English spelling and Russian plurals with numbers) is the currency of the Russian Federation and the two self-proclaimed republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is the entity responsible for the Monetary policy of a country or of a group of member states The Bank of Russia (Банк России or the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Центральный банк Российской Федерации is the A printer is a company that provides commercial Printing services often also offering Typesetting and Book-binding services Goznak ( Russian: Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие Гознак, short for Государственный A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures Coins for Currency. Saint Petersburg Mint (Санкт-Петербу́ргский моне́тный двор is one of the world's largest mints. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The ruble or rouble (in Russian: рубль rubl') is a unit of currency The ruble or rouble (in Russian: рубль rubl') is a unit of currency A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Abkhazia (Аҧсны Apsny აფხაზეთი Apkhazeti or Abkhazeti Абха́зия Abhazia) is a De facto South Ossetia ( or; Хуссар Ирыстон Xussar Iryston; Южная Осетия Yuzhnaya Osetiya; სამხრეთი ოსეთი Samxreti Formerly, the ruble was also the currency of the Soviet Union and the Russian Empire prior to their breakups. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The ruble is subdivided into 100 kopecks (sometimes transliterated kopeks, or copecks, Russian: копе́йка, plural: копе́йки or копеек). Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The ISO 4217 code is RUB; the former code, RUR, refers to the Russian ruble prior to the 1998 denomination (1 RUB = 1000 RUR). ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar)

Currently there is no official symbol^[3] for the ruble, though руб is currently in use. Various symbols have been put forward^[4] as possibilities, including: "РР" (cyrillic for "RR"), an "R" with two horizontal strokes across the top (similar to the Philippine peso sign) and an "P" with a horizontal strike. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by The peso ( Filipino: piso) ( sign: ₱; code: PHP) is the currency of the Philippines. ^[5]

Etymology

Main article: Ruble

According to the most popular version, the word "ruble" is derived from the Russian verb рубить, rubit, meaning to chop. The ruble or rouble (in Russian: рубль rubl') is a unit of currency Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Historically, a "ruble" was a piece of a certain weight chopped off a silver ingot (grivna), hence the name. Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen An ingot is a material usually metal that is cast into a shape suitable for further processing The hryvnia, sometimes hryvnya or (incorrectly hryvna or hrivna (гривня ˈɦrɪu̯nʲɑ sign: ₴, code:

Names of different denominations

In the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, several coins had individual names:

• ¼ kopeck - polushka
• ½ kopeck - denga or denezhka
• 2 kopeck - semishnik (mostly obsolete by 20th century), dvushka (20th century) or grosh
• 3 kopeck - altyn (mostly obsolete by the 1960s)
• 5 kopeck - pyatak
• 10 kopeck - grivennik
• 15 kopeck - pyatialtynny (5 altyn; the usage lived longer than altyn)
• 20 kopeck - dvugrivenny (2 grivenniks)
• 25 kopeck - polupoltinik (half poltinnik) or chetvertak (from the Russian for 1/4)
• 50 kopeck - poltina or poltinnik

The amount of 10 rubles (in either bill or coin) is sometimes informally referred to as a chervonets. A polushka (полушка was a Russian coin with value equal to 1/4 Kopeck (100 kopecks = 1 Rouble) A denga ( деньга, earlier денга) was a Russian monetary unit with a value latterly equal to ½ Kopeck (100 kopecks = 1 Russian Altyn ( Russian ru алты́н also ru алты́нник is a historical Russian currency (symbol) Historically, it was the name for the first Russian 3-ruble gold coin issued for general circulation in 1701. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 The current meaning comes from Soviet golden chervonets (советский золотой червонец) issued in 1923 that was equivalent to the pre-revolution 10 gold rubles. All these names are obsolete. The practice of using the old kopeck coin names for amounts in rubles is now not very common. In modern Russian slang only these names are used:

• 5 rubles - Pyatyorka (Пятёрка)
• 10 rubles - Chirik (Чирик) or Desyatka (Десятка) or Dichka (Дичка)
• 50 rubles - Poltinnik (полтинник) or Poltos (полтос) or Poltakha (Полтаха)
• 100 rubles - Stolnik (стольник)
• 500 rubles - Pyatikhatka (пятихатка), originally pyatikatka (пятикатка)
• 1000 rubles - Shtuka (штука) or Kosar (косарь)

The penultimate term derived from "пять кать" (five Catherines). Katya (катя, Catherina) having been a slang name for the 100 ruble note in tsarist Russia, as the note had a picture of Catherine II on it. Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years

Warning: Most of these definitions, i. e. Chirik, Poltos, Pyatikatka, and Kosar come from jail slang Fenya. Fenya, феня or Fenka is a Russian cant language used among criminals It is a quite vulgar manner of speaking.

Characteristics of the Ruble

Currency Sign

The original symbol of the Ruble used throughout the 17th century. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Comprised of the Russian letters "Р" and "У". Er (Р р is the eighteenth letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It was developed from the Greek letter Rho. U (У у is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the vowel /u/ after non-palatalized (hard consonants

A currency symbol was used for the ruble between the 16th century and the 18th century. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The symbol consisted of the Russian letters "Р" (rotated by 90° counter-clockwise) and "У" (written on top of it). The modern Russian alphabet is a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet. Er (Р р is the eighteenth letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It was developed from the Greek letter Rho. U (У у is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the vowel /u/ after non-palatalized (hard consonants The symbol was placed over the amount number to which belonged to. ^[6] This symbol, however, fell into disuse during the 19th century onward. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar

A new symbol was not made during the final years of the Empire and through out the Soviet Union. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The characters R^[7][8] and руб were instead used and are still used to this day, though they are not official^[9]

From July 1, 2007, the Central Bank of Russia has announced the establishment to decide on a symbol for the ruble. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Bank of Russia (Банк России or the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Центральный банк Российской Федерации is the The bank will test 13 symbols for the ruble. This includes the symbol РР (RR in Russian for Russian Ruble), which has received preliminary approval from the Central Bank. ^[10] However, the people of Moscow has announced support for another tested symbol. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of A simple R with two horizontal strokes across the top (in comparison, similar to the Philippine peso sign). R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) The peso ( Filipino: piso) ( sign: ₱; code: PHP) is the currency of the Philippines. ^[11] Other possible signs have entered for the vote hundreds of people from around the world. [1]

A non-official ruble sign that is beginning to be used throughout Russia. This image shows the sign in many different fonts.

However, one symbol has been gaining national attention. A non-official symbol was introduced to the nation in August 2007 and is beginning to be used in stores across Russia. August 2007 is the eighth month of that year It began on a Wednesday and 31 days later ended on a Friday. [2] [3] [4] As rumoured by the Central Bank, the symbol used is based on a simple letter "Р" (which is semi crossed below a horizontal stroke or two strokes). It is also mentioned that the sign is simple, similar to other currency signs (as shown similar to the Yen sign), represents the Russian language and it is similar to a letter. ¥￥ Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages [5] ^[12] [6]

Coins

At the beginning of the 19th century, copper coins were issued for ¼, ½, 1, 2 and 5 kopecks, with silver 5, 10, 25 and 50 kopecks and 1 ruble and gold 5 and 10 rubles, although production of the 10 ruble coin ceased in 1806. Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Silver 20 kopecks were introduced in 1820, followed by copper 10 kopecks minted between 1830 and 1839, and copper 3 kopecks introduced in 1840. Between 1828 and 1845, platinum 3, 6 and 12 rubles were issued. In 1860, silver 15 kopecks were introduced, due to the use of this denomination (equal to 1 złoty) in Poland, whilst, in 1869, gold 3 rubles were introduced. The złoty (/ˈzwɔtɨ/, plural for numbers ending in 2 3 and 4 (except 12 13 and 14 złote /ˈzwɔtɛ/ plural for all other numbers złotych /ˈzwɔtɨx/ Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland [7] In 1886, a new gold coinage was introduced consisting of 5 and 10 ruble coins. This was followed by another in 1897. In addition to smaller 5 and 10 ruble coins, 7½ and 15 ruble coins were issued for a single year, as these were equal in size to the previous 5 and 10 ruble coins. The gold coinage was suspended in 1911, with the other denominations produced until the First World War. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

1 ruble 1998
Value	Emblem of the Bank of Russia

The first coinage after Russian civil war was minted in 1921 with silver coins in denominations of 10, 15, 20 and 50 kopecks and 1 ruble. The Bank of Russia (Банк России or the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Центральный банк Российской Федерации is the The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed Golden chervonets were minted in 1923. Chervonets (or tchervonets, Черво́нец plural chervontsy) is a former currency of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. These coins bore the emblem and legends of the RSFSR. In 1924, copper coins were introduced for 1, 2, 3 and 5 kopecks, together with further silver 10, 15 and 20 kopecks, 1 poltinnik (50 kopecks) and 1 ruble. From this issue onwards, the coins were minted in the name of the Soviet Union. Copper ½ kopeck coins were introduced in 1925. The 1 ruble was only issued in 1924 and production of the poltinnik was stopped in 1927, while the ½ kopeck ceased to be minted in 1928. In 1926, aluminium-bronze replaced copper in the 1, 2, 3 and 5 kopecks and, in 1931, the remaining silver coins were replaced with cupro-nickel. Cupronickel or Coppernickel is an Alloy of Copper, Nickel and strengthening impurities such as Iron and Manganese. This coinage was unaffected by the redenominations of 1947 and 1961. However, 1961 did see the introduction of new coins, with 1, 2, 3 and 5 kopecks in aluminium-bronze, and 10, 15, 20 and 50 kopecks and 1 ruble in cupro-nickel-zinc. In 1991, a new coinage was introduced in denominations of 10 and 50 kopecks, 1, 5 and 10 rubles. The 10 kopecks was struck in brass-plated steel, the 50 kopecks, 1 and 5 rubles were in cupro-nickel and the 10 rubles was bimetallic with an aluminium-bronze centre and a cupro-nickel-zinc ring. Bi-metallic coins are Coins consisting of more than one Metal or Alloy, generally arranged with an outer ring around a contrasting center After the end of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation introduced coins in 1992 in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 rubles. The 1 and 5 rubles were minted in brass-clad steel, the 10 and 20 rubles in cupro-nickel and the 50 and 100 rubles were bimetallic (aluminium-bronze and cupro-nickel-zinc). In 1993, aluminium-bronze 50 rubles and nickel-brass 100 rubles were issued, and the material of 10 and 20 rubles was changed to nickel-plated steel. In 1995 the material of 50 rubles was changed to brass-plated steel, but the coins were minted with the old date 1993.

Regularly issued commemorative one ruble coin during this period is practically identical in size and weight to a 5 Swiss franc coin (worth approx. The franc ( German: Franken, French and Romansh: franc, Italian: franco; code: CHF €3 / US$4). Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been For this reason, there have been several instances of (now worthless) ruble coins being used on a large scale to defraud automated vending machines in Switzerland. In the broadest sense a fraud is a Deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation ^[13]

1 and 5 kopecks coins are rarely used (especially 1 kopeck coin) due to their small value and in many cases are not accepted by stores or individuals. In some cases the 10 kopeck coin is also occasionally refused. Note that all these coins began being issued in 1998, despite the fact the some of them bear the year 1997. There are now 10 ruble jubilee and commemorative coins (bimetallic) meant to replace 10 ruble notes. Commemorative coins are coins that were issued to commemorate some particular event or issue   In 2008 it was proposed by the Bank of Russia to withdraw 1 and 5 kopecks coins from circulation and to round all the prices to 10 kopecks. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

The Bank of Russia also issues other commemorative coins ranges from 1-10000 rubles. See [9] for listing.

Banknotes

In 1769, state assignats were introduced for 25, 50, 75 and 100 rubles, with 5 and 10 rubles added in 1787 and 200 ruble in 1819. The Bank of Russia (Банк России or the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Центральный банк Российской Федерации is the The value of the assignats fell relative to the coins until, in 1839, the relationship was fixed at 1 coin ruble = 3½ assignat rubles. In 1840, the State Commercial Bank issued 3, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 rubles notes, followed by 50 ruble credit notes of the Custody Treasury and State Loan Bank. In 1843, state credit notes were introduced in denominations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 rubles. These circulated, in various types, until the revolution, with 500 rubles notes added in 1898 and 250 and 1000 rubles notes added in 1917. In 1915, two kinds of small change notes were issued. One, issued by the Treasury, consisted of regular style (if small) notes for 1, 2, 3, 5 and 50 kopecks. The other consisted of the designs of stamps printed onto card with text and the imperial eagle printed on the reverse. These were in denominations of 1, 2, 3, 10, 15 and 20 kopecks.

In 1917, the Provisional Government issued treasury notes for 20 and 40 rubles. The Russian Provisional Government was formed in Petrograd in 1917 after the February Revolution and the Abdication These notes are known as "Kerenki" or "Kerensky rubles". Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky (Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Ке́ренский Aleksandr Fjëdorovich Kerenskij) ( June 11, 1970) served The provisional government also had 25 and 100 rubles state credit notes printed in the U.S.A. but most were not issued. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In 1918, state credit notes were introduced by the R. S. F. S. R. for 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10,000 rubles. These were followed in 1919 by currency notes for 1, 2, 3, 15, 20, 60, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10,000 rubles. In 1921, currency note denominations of 5, 50, 25,000, 50,000, 100,000, 1 million, 5 million and 10 million rubles were added. Only state currency notes were issued for this currency, in denominations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10,000 rubles. As with the previous currency, only state currency notes were issued, in denominations of 50 kopecks, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10,000 rubles. In early 1924, just before the next redenomination, the first paper money was issued in the name of the USSR, featuring the state emblem with 6 bands around the wheat, representing the language of the then 4 constituent republics of the Union: Russian SFSR, Transcaucasian SFSR (Azerbaijani, Armenian, and Georgian), Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The state Coat of arms of the Soviet Union (Государственный герб СССР Gosuarstvennyiy gerb SSSR) was adopted in 1923 and was used The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Հայաստանի Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն Azerbaijani: The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (abbreviated as Byelorussian SSR or BSSR) (Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка They were dated 1923 and were in denominations of 10,000, 15,000, and 25,000 rubles. In 1924, state currency notes were introduced for 1, 3 and 5 gold rubles (рубль золотом). These circulated alongside the chervonets notes introduced in 1922 by the State Bank in denominations of 1, 3, 5 10 and 25 chervonets. Chervonets (or tchervonets, Черво́нец plural chervontsy) is a former currency of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. State Treasury notes replaced the state currency notes after 1928. In 1938, new notes were issued for 1, 3 and 5 rubles, dropping the word "gold". In 1947, State Treasury notes were introduced for 1, 3 and 5 rubles, along with State Bank notes for 10, 25, 50 and 100 rubles. In 1961, new State Treasury notes were introduced for 1, 3 and 5 rubles, along with new State Bank notes for 10, 25, 50 and 100 rubles.

See also: Soviet Ruble

In 1991, the State Bank took over production of 1, 3 and 5 ruble notes and also introduced 200, 500 and 1000 ruble notes, although the 25 ruble note was no longer issued. The ruble or rouble (рубль see below for other Soviet languages) was the currency of the Soviet Union. In 1992, a final issue of notes was made bearing the name of the U. S. S. R. before the Russian Federation introduced notes for 5000 and 10,000 rubles. These were followed by 50,000 and 100,000 ruble notes in 1993 and 500,000 rubles in 1995. Since the break up of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russian ruble banknotes and coins have been notable for their lack of portraits, which traditionally were included under both the Tsarist and Communist regimes. A banknote (often known as a bill, paper money or simply a note) is a kind of Negotiable instrument, a Promissory note made by a main - title Coin keywords numismatics coin review A portrait is a painting, photograph, Sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person in which the face and its expression is predominant With the issue of the 500 ruble note depicting a statue of Peter I, and then the 1000 ruble note depicting a statue of Yaroslav the lack of recognizable faces on the currency has been partially alleviated. Yaroslav I the Wise (c 978 in Kiev - February 20, 1054 in Kiev) ( East Slavic: Ярослав Мудрый Christian name The 1000 ruble note did not continue as a 1 new ruble note.

1997 Series [10]
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description			Date of
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	printing	issue
		5 rubles1	137 × 61 mm	Green	The Millennium of Russia monument on background of Saint Sophia Cathedral in Velikiy Novgorod	Fortress wall of the Novgorod Kremlin	"5", Saint Sophia Cathedral in Velikiy Novgorod	1997	January 1, 1998
		10 rubles2	150 × 65 mm	Dark-green and dark-brown	Bridge across Yenisei River in Krasnoyarsk, Chapel	Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric plant	"10", Chapel		January 1, 1998 20013, 20044
		50 rubles		Blue and violet, respectively	Sculpture at the foot of the Rostral Column on background of Petropavlosk Fortress in Saint Petersburg	Former stock exchange building	"50", Peter and Paul Cathedral
		100 rubles		Brown-green-burgundy	Sculpture on the portico of the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow	The Bolshoi Theatre	"100", The Bolshoi Theatre
		500 rubles		Violet and blue, respectively	Monument to Peter the Great, sailing ship and sea terminal in Arkhangelsk	Solovetsky Monastery	"500", Peter the Great
		1000 rubles	157 × 69 mm	Blue-green	Monument to Yaroslav I the Wise and chapel of the Yaroslavl kremlin	Church of Precursor in Yaroslavl	"1000", Monument to Yaroslav I the Wise		2000, 20044
		5000 rubles		Red-orange	Monument to Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky in Khabarovsk	Khabarovsk Bridge over the Amur	"5000", Head of the monument to Muravyov-Amursky		June 2006
These images are to scale at 0. The Millennium of Russia is a famous bronze monument in the Kremlin of Novgorod, Russia. The Cathedral of St Sophia (the Holy Wisdom of God) in the Kremlin (or Detinets in Novgorod the Great is the cathedral church of the Archbishop Veliky Novgorod (Вели́кий Но́вгород is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia and the administrative center of Novgorod The Detinets ("Young Man's Compound" from the same root as the Russian word deti = children is the ancient name for the Kremlin or fortress in Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Yenisei (Енисе́й is the greatest River system flowing to the Arctic Ocean, and at 5539 km (3445 mi is the fifth longest river in the world Krasnoyarsk (Красноя́рск is the administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai of Russia, and the third largest city in Siberia. The Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric dam, located on the Yenisey river about upstream from Krasnoyarsk in Divnogorsk town, was finished in 1964 and supplies New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Peter and Paul Fortress (Петропа́вловская кре́пость Petropavlovskaya Krepost) is the original Citadel of St Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River For the active stock exchange in Saint Petersburg see Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange. The Peter and Paul Cathedral is located inside the Peter and Paul Fortress in St Burgundy is a shade of purplish red associated with the Burgundy wine of the same name which in turn is named after the Burgundy region of France The Bolshoi Theatre (Большой театр Bol'shoy Teatr Great Theatre) is a historic theatre in Moscow, Russia, designed by famed architect Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The Bolshoi Theatre (Большой театр Bol'shoy Teatr Great Theatre) is a historic theatre in Moscow, Russia, designed by famed architect The Bolshoi Theatre (Большой театр Bol'shoy Teatr Great Theatre) is a historic theatre in Moscow, Russia, designed by famed architect Arkhangelsk (Арха́нгельск formerly called Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast Solovetsky Monastery (Соловецкий монастырь was the greatest Citadel of Christianity in the Russian North before being turned into a special Yaroslav I the Wise (c 978 in Kiev - February 20, 1054 in Kiev) ( East Slavic: Ярослав Мудрый Christian name Yaroslavl (Яросла́вль is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, located north-east of Moscow. Yaroslavl (Яросла́вль is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, located north-east of Moscow. Yaroslav I the Wise (c 978 in Kiev - February 20, 1054 in Kiev) ( East Slavic: Ярослав Мудрый Christian name 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Nikolay Nikolayevich Muravyov-Amursky (also spelled as Nikolai Nikolaevich Muraviev-Amurskiy) (Никола́й Никола́евич Муравьёв-Аму́рский Khabarovsk (Хаба́ровск xʌ'barɘfsk) is the administrative center and the largest city of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. Khabarovsk Bridge (1916 is a railway Bridge that carries the Trans-Siberian Railway across the Amur River near the city of Khabarovsk Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 7 pixels per millimetre, a Wikipedia standard for world banknotes. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

1. The 5 ruble note is very rare now, as it is being replaced by a 5 ruble coin. It is now out of print, although it is still a legal tender. Legal tender or forced tender is Payment that by Law, cannot be refused in settlement of a Debt ( Debtor cannot successfully be sued
2. In 2006, it was announced that the 10 ruble note will be gradually phased out and replaced by a 10 ruble coin. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
3. Banknotes of the 2001 revision bear the fine print "модификация 2001г. " meaning "modification of year 2001" on the left watermark area.
4. Banknotes of the 2004 revision also bear the similar fine print. More importantly, new security features have been added, including (but not limited to):

• Moiré pattern: The area appears to be one color from one angle, stripes from another angle.
• Wider metallic thread
• Microperforation (100 rubles and above): Denomination numeral formed by dots (small laser perforated holes in the paper)
• Color shifting ink (500 rubles and above): The emblem of the Bank of Russia for 500 rubles, and the city emblem of Yaroslavl for 1000 rubles. Yaroslavl (Яросла́вль is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, located north-east of Moscow.

All Russian paper money is currently printed at the state-owned factory Goznak in Moscow, which was organized on June 6, 1919 and has continued to operate ever since. Goznak ( Russian: Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие Гознак, short for Государственный Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Coins are minted in Moscow and at the Saint Petersburg Mint, which has been operating since 1724. A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures Coins for Currency. Saint Petersburg Mint (Санкт-Петербу́ргский моне́тный двор is one of the world's largest mints. Year 1724 ( MDCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a

History

1898 Russian Empire one rouble bill, obverse

1898 Russian Empire one rouble bill, reverse

First ruble, Antiquity - December 31 1921

The ruble has been the Russian unit of currency for about 500 years. Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya From 1710, the ruble was divided into 100 kopecks. Year 1710 ( MDCCX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year

The amount of precious metal in a ruble varied over time. In a 1704 currency reform, Peter I standardized the ruble to 28 grams of silver. Year 1704 ( MDCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen While ruble coins were silver, there were higher denominations minted of gold and platinum. Platinum (ˈplætɪnəm is a Chemical element with the Atomic symbol Pt and an Atomic number of 78 By the end of the 18th century, the ruble was set to 4 zolotnik 21 dolya (almost exactly equal to 18 grams) of pure silver or 27 dolya (almost exactly equal to 1. A zolotnik (in Russian: золотник; abbr: zol) was a small Russian unit of Weight, equal to 0 2 grams) of pure gold, with a ratio of 15:1 for the values of the two metals. In 1828, platinum coins were introduced with 1 ruble equal to 77⅔ dolya (3. 451 grams).

On December 17, 1885, a new standard was adopted which did not change the silver ruble but reduced the gold content to 1. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common 161 grams, pegging the gold ruble to the French franc at a rate of 1 ruble = 4 francs. The franc (represented by the franc sign ₣ or more commonly just F) is a former Currency of France. This rate was revised in 1897 to 1 ruble = 2⅔ francs (0. 774 grams gold).

With the outbreak of the First World War, the gold standard peg was dropped and the ruble fell in value, suffering from hyperinflation in the early 1920s. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The gold standard is a monetary system in which a region's common media of exchange are paper notes that are normally freely convertible into pre-set fixed quantities of Gold Certain figures in this article use Scientific notation for readability

Second ruble, January 1 1922 - December 31 1922

In 1922, the first of several redenominations took place, at a rate of 1 "new" ruble for 10,000 "old" rubles. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Denomination is a proper description of a Currency amount usually for Coins or Banknotes Denominations may also be used with other means of payment like The chervonets (червонец) was also introduced in 1922. Chervonets (or tchervonets, Черво́нец plural chervontsy) is a former currency of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union.

Third ruble, January 1 1923 - March 6 1924

A second redenomination took place in 1923, at a rate of 100 to 1. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Again, only paper money was issued. During the lifetime of this currency, the first money of the Soviet Union was issued. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991

Fourth (Gold) ruble, March 7 1924 - 1947

A third redenomination in 1924 introduced the "gold" ruble at a value of 50,000 rubles of the previous issue. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This reform also saw the ruble linked to the chervonets, at a value of 10 rubles. Coins began to be issued again in 1924, whilst paper money was issued in rubles for values below 10 rubles and in chervonets for higher denominations.

Fifth ruble, 1947 - 1961

Following World War II, the Soviet government implemented a confiscatory redenomination of the currency to reduce the amount of money in circulation. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including This only affected the paper money. Old rubles were revalued at one tenth of their face value.

Sixth ruble, 1961 - December 31 1997

See Soviet ruble for new currencies of the former Soviet republics. The ruble or rouble (рубль see below for other Soviet languages) was the currency of the Soviet Union.

The 1961 redenomination was a repeat of the 1947 reform, with the same terms applying. The Soviet ruble of 1961 was formally equal to 0. 987412 gram of gold, but the exchange for gold was never available to the general public. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, the ruble remained the currency of the Russian Federation. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. New set of banknotes was issued in the name of Bank of Russia in 1993. During the period of high inflation of the early 1990s, the ruble was significantly devalued. In economics inflation or price inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services over a period of time The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999

Seventh ruble, January 1 1998 -

The ruble was redenominated on January 1, 1998, with one new ruble equalling 1000 old rubles. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The redenomination was a purely psychological step that did not solve the fundamental economic problems faced by the Russian economy at the time, and the currency was devalued in August 1998 following the Russian financial crisis. Russia is a unique emerging market in the sense that being the nucleus of a former superpower shows more anomalies Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The ruble lost 70% of its value against the U.S. Dollar in the 6 months following this Russian financial crisis. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been

In November of 2004, the authorities of Dimitrovgrad (Ulyanovsk Oblast) erected a five-meter monument to the ruble. Events in November All Saints' Day (formerly All Hallows Day a Christian holy day is celebrated on November 1, the day after Halloween "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Dimitrovgrad (Димитровгра́д is a city in Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Bolshoy Cheremshan River. Ulyanovsk Oblast (Улья́новская о́бласть Ulyanovskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A monument is a structure either explicitly created to commemorate a person or important event or which has become important to a social group as a part of their remembrance of past

In the end of 2007 there appeared persistent rumors that ruble is to be denominated once again, now shaving two zeroes off. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[14] These rumors were repeatedly denied by the authorities and rebuffed by analysts, up to the point that President Putin called them bogus in one of his speeches. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia ^[15] The public however remains to be convinced, given that previous denominations were also conducted despite authorities' vehement denials.

See also

• Petroruble
• Belarusian ruble
• Transnistrian ruble
• Ukrainian hryvnia
• Economy of Russia
• MIBOR (Moscow Inter-Bank Offer Rate)

References

External links

• Don's World Coin Gallery - Russia
• Ron Wise's World Paper Money - Russia ^{Mirror site}
• The Global History of Currencies - Russia
• Global Financial Data data series - Russia Ruble
• Global Financial Data currency histories table ( Microsoft Excel format)
• History of the Russian paper money.
• Goznak official site
• Wad Nensberg's Russian Banknotes
• History of Russian Currency
• Russian Currency Exchange Rate
• Coins of CIS and Baltic countries
• Russian Banknotes 1898 - 1917
• Foreign Currency Market | Bank of Russia