Russia-South Korea relations

Russia	South Korea

South Korea-Russia relations refers to the international relations between Russia and South Korea. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː

Immediately following Japan's 1910-1945 occupation of Korea, the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States created the division of Korea into North and South states. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. Thereafter, since the two sides were separated by North Korea and opposing ideologies, there was little contact until the fall of the Soviet Union.

Since the 1990s there has been greater trade and cooperation between the two nations. The total trade volume between South Korea and Russia in 2003 was 4. 2 billion US dollars. ^[1]

Contents 1 Relations with the former Soviet Union 2 Establishment of Russia-South Korea relations 3 Economic cooperation 4 Space program 5 Human migration 6 References 7 External links

Relations with the former Soviet Union

South Korea had been seeking to trade with the Soviet Union even before Gorbachev came to power. Gorbachev desired foreign capital and high technology, as well as Seoul's help in alleviating the Soviet economic crisis through direct investment, joint ventures, and trade. As early as May 1979, South Korea signed an agreement obtaining Finnish assistance in exporting to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. ^[2]

In the 1980s, South Korean President Roh Tae Woo's Nordpolitik and Mikhail Gorbachev's "New Thinking" were both attempts to reverse their nations' recent histories. Roh Tae-woo (born December 4, 1932 in Daegu, South Korea) is a former ROK Army general and politician Nordpolitik ( German for "Northern Policy" was the signature foreign policy of South Korean president Roh Tae-woo. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician Gorbachev had signaled Soviet interest in improving relations with all countries in the Asia-Pacific region, including South Korea, as explained in his July 1986 Vladivostok and August 1988 Krasnoyarsk speeches. Vladivostok ( is Russia 's largest port city on the Pacific Ocean and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai. Krasnoyarsk (Красноя́рск is the administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai of Russia, and the third largest city in Siberia. ^[2]

The natural resources Seoul increasingly needed--oil, metals, timber, and fish--are abundant in the Soviet Far East. Trade with the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, and China would also alleviate South Korea's apprehension over the United States' increasing trade protectionism. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For the protectionist Australian political party from the 1880s to 1909 see Protectionist Party South Korea's expanding trade with Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union initially was encouraged by the United States, although Washington later became increasingly concerned over possible high-technology transfers. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. ^[2]

Improved Seoul-Moscow relations were planned in three related stages: sports, trade, and political relations. The 1988 Seoul Olympics was a major catalyst. The 1988 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event staged in 1988 in Moscow sent more than 6,000 Soviets to South Korea and Soviet tourist ships came to Busan and Incheon and Aeroflot planes landed in Seoul. Incheon is a metropolitan city and a major seaport on the west coast of South Korea, near Seoul. OJSC "AeroflotRussian Airlines" (ОАО «АэрофлотРоссийские авиалинии» () or Aeroflot (Аэрофлот as the airline is commonly ^[2]

Because of the lack of diplomatic relations, most South Korean-Soviet trade initially was indirect; Eastern Europe, Hong Kong, Japan, and Singapore served as intermediaries. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Singapore With an increasing volume of trade, Seoul and Moscow began trading directly, using facilities near Vladivostok and Busan. Vladivostok ( is Russia 's largest port city on the Pacific Ocean and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai. The Korean Trade Promotion Corporation (KOTRA) and the Soviet Chamber of Commerce and Industry exchanged a trade memorandum in 1988 pledging mutual assistance in establishing trade offices in 1989. Seoul's trade office in Moscow opened in July 1989; Moscow's trade office in Seoul opened in April 1989. Several major South Korean businesses including Daewoo, Sunkyong, and Lucky-Goldstar traded directly with the Soviet Union in 1990. This article is about the Chaebol Daewoo Group For the Korean auto company Daewoo Motors that is associated with Chevrolet, see GM Daewoo. ^[2]

South Korea's new-found wealth and technological prowess had been attracting the interest of a growing number of socialist nations. In initiating Nordpolitik, Roh's confidential foreign policy adviser was rumored to have visited Moscow to consult with Soviet policymakers. Nordpolitik ( German for "Northern Policy" was the signature foreign policy of South Korean president Roh Tae-woo. Kim Young Sam visited Moscow from June 2 to June 10, 1989, as the Kremlin announced that it would allow some 300,000 Soviet-Koreans who had been on the Soviet island of Sahkalin since the end of World War II to return permanently to South Korea. Kim Young-sam (b 20 December 1927 in Geoje, South Gyeongsang) was the first civilian President of South Korea since a series of Dictatorships View01jpg|thumb|right|250px|Remains of the Kolomna Kremlin]] Kremlin (Кремль Kreml) is the Russian word for "fortress" "citadel" or "castle" World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Moscow even arranged Kim's meeting with the North Korean ambassador to the Soviet Union. ^[2]

In June 1990, Roh held his first summit with President Gorbachev in San Francisco. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city ^[2]

Establishment of Russia-South Korea relations

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, South Korea and Russia established diplomatic ties 1991. Russian president Vladimir Putin visited Seoul in February 2001, while South Korean president Roh Muhyeon visited Moscow in September 2004. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia Roh Moo-hyun (nomuʝʌn (born in August 6, 1946 in Kimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea is a former President of South Korea ^[3][4]

South Korea and Russia are participants in the Six-party talks on the North Korea's nuclear proliferation issue. The six-party talks aim to find a peaceful resolution to the security concerns as a result of the North Korean nuclear weapons program. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia,

Economic cooperation

South Korea and Russia are working together on construction of a bilateral industrial complex in the Nakhodka Free Economic Area in Russia's Far East and gas-fields development in Irkutsk. Irkutsk (Ирку́тск Эрхүү Erkhüü; Эрхүү Erkhüü) is one of the largest cities in Siberia and the administrative center of The two sides also agreed to cooperate on reconnecting a planned inter-Korean railroad with the Trans-Siberian Railroad. The Trans-Siberian Railway or Trans-Siberian Railroad (Транссибирская магистраль Транссиб in Russian, or Transsibirskaya magistral' Russia has expressed interest in becoming a conduit for South Korean exports to Europe, which now go by ship, by linking the Korean railroad to the TSR. ^[5][6]

Russia reportedly offered to repay its $1. 7 billion debt to South Korea through joint investments in North Korea, such as the railroad project. ^[7]

Space program

South Korea is currently selecting its first astronaut, scheduled to board a Soyuz flight to the International Space Station in April 2008. An astronaut or cosmonaut (космона́вт) is a person trained South Korea plans the first domestic launch of a satellite in 2008, with Russian assistance. The aerospace institute is spending about 20 billion won on the astronaut project, including Russian fees. ^[8]

Human migration

Main articles: Koryo-saram, Sakhalin Koreans, and Russians in Korea

Koryo-saram is the name which ethnic Koreans in the Post-Soviet states use to refer to themselves. Koryo-saram (Корё сарам Hangul: 고려사람 is the name which ethnic Koreans in the Post-Soviet states use to refer to themselves Sakhalin Koreans ( Russian: Сахалинские корейцы/ Sakhalinskie Koreytsi or Корейцы Сахалина/ Koreytsi Sakhalina; Korean Russians in Korea do not form a very large population but they have a history going back to before the era of Japanese colonialism in Korea. Koryo-saram (Корё сарам Hangul: 고려사람 is the name which ethnic Koreans in the Post-Soviet states use to refer to themselves The Korean people are an East Asian Ethnic group. Most Koreans speak the Korean language. The post-Soviet states, also commonly known as former Soviet republics, are the 15 independent nations that split off from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Approximately 450,000 ethnic Koreans reside in the former USSR, primarily in the newly independent states of Central Asia. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south There are also large Korean communities in southern Russia (around Volgograd), the Caucasus, and southern Ukraine. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. These communities can be traced back to the Koreans who were living in the Russian Far East during the late 19th century. Russian Far East (Да́льний Восто́к Росси́и ˈdalʲnʲɪj vʌˈstok rʌˈsʲiɪ is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i ^[9] There is also a separate ethnic Korean community on the island of Sakhalin, typically referred to as Sakhalin Koreans. Sakhalin (Сахали́н səxʌˈlʲin Japanese:nihongo|樺太|karafuto or; Chinese: 庫頁 Kùyè also Saghalien, is a large elongated Sakhalin Koreans ( Russian: Сахалинские корейцы/ Sakhalinskie Koreytsi or Корейцы Сахалина/ Koreytsi Sakhalina; Korean Some may identify as Koryo-saram, but many do not. Unlike the communities on the Russian mainland, which consist mostly of immigrants from the late 1800s and early 1900s, the ancestors of the Sakhalin Koreans came as immigrants from Kyongsang and Jeolla provinces in the late 1930s and early 1940s, forced into service by the Japanese government to work in coal mines in order to fill labour shortages caused by World War II. Gyeongsang ( Gyeongsang-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. Jeolla ( Jeolla-do in Korean formerly spelled Cholla or Chŏlla) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including ^[10]

Russians in Korea began arriving as early as 1885; however, virtually all of the current Russian community in South Korea, estimated at about 10,000 people, is composed of recent migrants. Russians in Korea do not form a very large population but they have a history going back to before the era of Japanese colonialism in Korea. ^[11]

References

External links

• Russian Embassy in Seoul, South Korea

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