| Hamzat Gelayev (Russian: Хамзат Гелаев) |
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|---|---|
| 1964-2004 | |
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| Nickname | Black Angel |
| Place of birth | Komsomolskoye, Chechnya |
| Place of death | Near Bezhta, Dagestan |
| Allegiance | Chechen Republic of Ichkeria |
| Battles/wars | Georgian-Abkhazian conflict First Chechen War Second Chechen War |
Ruslan (Hamzat) Gelayev (Russian: Руслан (Хамзат) Гелаев) (1964 – February 28, 2004) was a Chechen field commander in the Chechen separatist movement against Russia. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The Chechen Republic (ˈʧɛʧɨn rɪˈpʌblɨk Чече́нская Респу́блика Chechenskaya Respublika; Нохчийн Республика Noxçiyn Respublika The Republic of Dagestan dæɡɪˈstɑːn (IntEng ˈdeɪɡəstæn (AmEng (Респу́блика Дагеста́н Дагъистанлъул ДжумхIурият Daɣistanłul The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria ɪʧˈkɛriə ( Chechen Latin: Noxçiyn Respublika Noxçiyçö Chechen Cyrillic: Нохчийн Республика Нохчийчоь The First Chechen War also known as the War in Chechnya was fought between Russia and Chechnya from 1994 to 1996 and resulted in Chechnya's The Second Chechen War, in a later phase better known as the War in the North Caucasus, was launched by the Russian Federation starting August 26 Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Chechen Republic (ˈʧɛʧɨn rɪˈpʌblɨk Чече́нская Респу́блика Chechenskaya Respublika; Нохчийн Республика Noxçiyn Respublika Chechens ( Chechen: Hохчи / Noxçi) constitute the largest native Ethnic group originating in the North Caucasus region Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending He was known as a ruthless fighter but respected even by some of his enemies. [1]
Often based high in the mountains of the Caucasus, he led major assaults on Russian bases and checkpoints. The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East The Russians nicknamed him the Black Angel, a tribute to his success in the guerrilla campaign. [2]
Contents |
Biography
First Chechen War and interwar period
In 1992-1993, Gelayev took part in the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict as a volunteer on the Abkhazian side. A volunteer is someone who works for a community or for the benefit of environment primarily because they choose to do so Abkhazia (Аҧсны Apsny აფხაზეთი Apkhazeti or Abkhazeti Абха́зия Abhazia) is a De facto [3] Returning to Chechnya he was soon a commander in Dzhokhar Dudayev's Spetsnaz (special forces) unit Borz (Wolf), with the future President of Ichkeria Dokka Umarov serving under his command. Dzhokhar Musayevich Dudayev (Дудин Муса кант Жовхар Джохар Мусаевич Дудаев (February 1944 &ndash April 21 1996) was In most countries special forces (SF is a generic term for highly-trained Military teams/units that conduct specialized operations such as Reconnaissance This is a list of Presidents of the unrecognised Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, a pro-independence movement that controlled most of Chechnya from 1991 to 1999 ( Doku (Dokka Khamatovich Umarov ( Chechen: Умаран Хамади кант Докка Доку Хаматович Умаров also know as Emir Abu
Gelayev fought in the 1994-1996 First Chechen War against the Russians, including the defence of capital Grozny. The First Chechen War also known as the War in Chechnya was fought between Russia and Chechnya from 1994 to 1996 and resulted in Chechnya's The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Grozny (Гро́зный Соьлж-ГIала Sölƶ-Ġala or Соьлжа-ГIала Sölƶa -Ġala sometimes referred to as ce Джовхар-ГIала Gelayev was one of the first Chechen fighters awarded the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria's highest medal Kioman Syi (Honor of the Nation). The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria ɪʧˈkɛriə ( Chechen Latin: Noxçiyn Respublika Noxçiyçö Chechen Cyrillic: Нохчийн Республика Нохчийчоь A medal is usually a Coin -like sculpted object of metal or other material that has been engraved with an Insignia, Portrait or other artistic rendering In early 1995, Gelayev became the commander of the South-Western Front of the rebel forces.
In 1995 Gelayev's units defended the village of Shatoy. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Shatoy or Shatoi (Шато́й is a village in the Chechen Republic, Russia. Gelaev was wounded several times and had to stop fighting and Mumadi Saidayev took over the command in the Southwest of Chechnya. [4] On May 27, 1995, he announced that if the bombing of the Shatoy village in the Shatoysky District continued, five Russian prisoners of war would be killed a day, and according to Memorial eight prisoners were executed while carrying this threat. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Shatoy or Shatoi (Шато́й is a village in the Chechen Republic, Russia. "Memorial" ( Russian: Мемориал is an international historical and Civil rights society that operates in a number of post- USSR states [5] On March 6, 1996, Gelayev led a surprise raid on Grozny, regaining large parts of the city[6] for two days, inflicting serious losses on federal forces and leaving with more than 100 hostages,[7] in what was seen as a test before the recapture of the city in August in the operation by Shamil Basayev which ended the war. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) A hostage is a person or entity which is held by a captor The original definition meant that this was handed over by one of two belligerent parties to the other or seized as security In the August 1996 Battle of Grozny Chechen rebels conducted a rapid assault (code-named Operation Jihad) on the Chechnya Capital Grozny Shamil Salmanovich Basayev (Шамиль Салманович Басаев (January 14 1965 – July 10 2006 was a Chechen field commander and a leader of the Chechen
After the war, Gelayev became deputy Prime Minister under the new Chechen President Aslan Maskhadov in April 1997. This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. Aslan (Khalid Aliyevich Maskhadov ( Chechen: Масхадан Али кант Аслан Latin Masxadan Ali kant Aslan Russian: Аслан Алиевич Масхадов The following year, in 1998, he was appointed Defence Minister of Chechnya. A defence minister (or defense minister) is a Cabinet position which regulates the Armed forces in some sovereign nations Gelayev went on a Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca and took on the name Hamzat. The Hajj (حج is a pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world In Religion and Spirituality, a pilgrimage is a long journey or Search of great Moral significance Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored
Second Chechen War
At the start of the Second Chechen War, Gelayev commanded a large force of Chechen rebels in defense of Grozny, but withdrew from the city in January 2000, which left it open to attack. The Second Chechen War, in a later phase better known as the War in the North Caucasus, was launched by the Russian Federation starting August 26 The 1999-2000 battle of Grozny was the Siege and assault of the Chechen Capital Grozny by the Russian forces lasting from late 1999 [8] Following the inexplicable withdrawal from Grozny, Gelayev was demoted from Brigadier General to Private and stripped of all military decorations. Withdrawal, also known as withdrawal/abstinence syndrome, refers to the characteristic signs and symptoms that appear when a drug that causes Physical dependence is A demotion is a reduction in rank or Position in an organizational Hierarchy system Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. A Private is a Soldier of the lowest Military rank (equivalent to NATO Rank Grades OR-1 to OR-3 depending on the force served in
In February-March of 2000, Gelayev's forces were taking heavy losses as they withdrew from Grozny to the forests in southern Chechnya, when a warlord Arbi Barayev contacted Gelayev promising him aid and transportation to a safe area. Arbi Alautdinovich Barayev ( Арби Алаутдинович Бараев) ( Бараев Арби Алаутдинович) (1973 - June 23, When Gelayev's forces arrived at the specified meeting place, they were instead ambushed by a large number of Russian troops and retreated to the Gelayev's native village of Komsomolskoye. There, more than a thousand rebels were besieged and pounded for weeks by the Russian army in one of the largest battles of the war, ending with some 800 rebels and more than 50 soldiers dead according to the Russian figures. Battle of Komsomolskoye was a March 2000 large-scale battle between the Russian forces and the rebels in Chechnya in Komsomolskoye (Saadi-Kotar native Gelayev himself escaped the encirclement with several hundred of his men.
Some time after the disaster at Komsomolskoye, Russian governmen had attempted to negotiate with him since he was believed to be at odds with some of the Islamist commanders, especially Barayev, with whom Hamzat fought a brief personal war following Barayev's betrayal at Komsomolskoye, and an Arab fighter known as Abu Walid. Islamism ( Islam + ism; Arabic: al-'islāmiyya) a set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only Betrayal, a form of Deception or dismissal of prior presumptions is the breaking or violation of a presumptive Social contract ( trust, or Confidence The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Abu al-Walid ( ابو الوليد) (also transliterated as Abu al-Waleed and also called Abu al-Walid al-Ghamdi or simply Abu Walid In November 2000, a Kremlin envoy confirmed that Russian federal authorities were involved in talks with Gelayev, but it was refuted later. [9]
Gelayev decided to rebuild his forces in the Pankisi Gorge across the Georgian border. The Pankisi Gorge (პანკისის ხეობა Pankisis Kheoba) or Pankisi (პანკისი is a valley region in Georgia, in the northeastern Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between There, Gelayev had built up a significant armed force of 800 Chechens, together with about 80 international mujahideen (mostly Turks and Arabs). A Mujahid (Arabic ar مجاهد, literally "struggler" is a Muslim involved in a Jihad, id est fighting in a war or The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language Georgian authorities were accused of negotiating a deal to supply and arm Gelayev's force in return for the October 2001 Gelayev's raid on behalf of Georgia into Kodori Gorge in Abkhazia. The 2001 Kodori crisis occurred when fighting flared in the Georgian separatist-controlled region Abkhazia, in October 2001 as ethnic Chechen fighters The Kodori Valley (also known as the Kodori Gorge, ҭҭа კოდორის ხეობა is a river valley in Abkhazia, Georgia 's breakaway Gelayev earned admiration from senior Georgian politicians, despite the failure of the attempt which killed 40 people including five United Nations observers; President of Georgia Eduard Shevardnadze described him as "noble man" and "an educated person". The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The President of Georgia (საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი is the Commander-in-chief of Georgia. Eduard Amvrosiyevich Shevardnadze (ედუარდ შევარდნაძე ɛduɑrd ʃɛvɑrdnɑdzɛ (born 25 January 1928 in Mamati, Lanchkhuti [10] From there, Gelayev led a hit-and-run attacks against Russian military targets in Chechnya, Dagestan and Ingushetia. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (UTC (Вооружённые Си́лы Росси́йской Федера́ции Transliteration Vooruzhyónniye Síly Rossíyskoy Federátsii The Republic of Dagestan dæɡɪˈstɑːn (IntEng ˈdeɪɡəstæn (AmEng (Респу́блика Дагеста́н Дагъистанлъул ДжумхIурият Daɣistanłul The Republic of Ingushetia ( Ingush: ГӀалгӀай Мохк Респу́блика Ингуше́тия Respublika Ingushetiya) is a federal Russians responded in a series of secret airstrikes on a Georgian territory, during which a Georgian civilian was killed. An airstrike is a Military strike by Air forces on either a suspected or a confirmed enemy ground position
In August 2001, Gelayev played a crucial role in releasing Russian human rights activist Svetlana Kuzmina who was held in Chechen captivity where she spent more than two years. Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled Gelayev acted upon the request of Louisa Islamova, the wife of his fellow rebel commander Lechi Islamov, who was being held in Moscow’s Lefortovo prison pending trial. Lefortovo prison is a Prison in Moscow, Russia, since 2005 in the command of the Ministry of Justice of Russia. Louisa Islamova had tracked down Vyacheslav Izmailov, a journalist for Novaya Gazeta, and offered to try and persuade the rebels to free hostages if Izamailov would help her try and secure her husband’s release in court. Novaya Gazeta (Новая Газета is a Russian newspaper Gelayev wrote a note warning Kuzmina’s captors that if they did not free the woman, they would become his deadly enemies. [11] Lechi Islamov was later reportedly murdered in captivity. [12]
In September 2002, Gelayev's forces managed a large raid into Ingushetia, capturing the villages of Tarskoye and then Galashki, but Gelayev's fighters became surrounded, took large losses and were dispersed. The Republic of Ingushetia ( Ingush: ГӀалгӀай Мохк Респу́блика Ингуше́тия Respublika Ingushetiya) is a federal Among these killed in the battle was Roddy Scott, a British freelance reporter who travelled with the rebels;[13] seven to 40 Chechen fighters were killed and five were captured. Roddy Scott was a British Freelance Cameraman who documented neglected conflicts in such places as Sierra Leone, Yemen, Iraq A freelancer, freelance worker, or freelance is a person who pursues a profession without a long-term commitment to any one employer [14] 17 Russian soldiers were also reported killed. [15] In December 2003, Gelayev was incorrectly reported dead after a firefight that left nine Russian soldiers dead. [16]
Death
In the winter of 2004, Gelayev was attempting to lead a 40-strong unit of his forces from a raid in Dagestan into the safe haven of Georgia, but was faced with heavy resistance; 30 Chechen fighters (possibly including Khozh-Ahmed Noukhayev) and 14 Russian soldiers were reported to die in the fighting and landslide accidents, while several rebels were captured. Khozh-Ahmed Noukhayev (Хож-Ахмет Таштамирович Нухаев (born November 11, 1954) also spelled Hozh-Ahmed Nukhaev, Nukhayev A landslide is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement such as rock falls deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows which can occur On February 28, 2004, Gelayev was killed in the result of a skirmish with a two-men Russian border guard patrol he encountered while attempting to cross the border into Georgia alone. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Border Guard, Border Patrol, Border police, or Frontier police is a National security agency that performs Border control, i In Military tactics, a patrol is often a small tactical grouping sent out by land sea or air to perform a specific task Gelayev shot and killed both guards, but soon after he died from bleeding as a result of an arm gunshot wound he suffered. Bleeding, technically known as hemorrhaging / haemorrhaging (see American and British spelling differences) is the loss of Blood from According to the Kavkaz Center version, Gelayev fought with a larger group of border guards, and was killed after his arm was shot-off by an attack helicopter's large-calibre machinegun. The Kavkaz Center (KC is a privately-run Internet publication that claims to be "a Chechen internet Agency which is independent International An attack helicopter, also known as a Helicopter Gunship, is a Military helicopter armed for attacking targets on the ground
Gelayev's body was positively identified[17], but not released to his relatives because he was classified as a terrorist by the Russian authorities. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion [18] His family has since been campaigning to release his remains or disclose what happened to the body. [19]
References
- ^ DIED. RUSLAN GELAYEV, 39
- ^ Dispatches, Chechnya: The dirty war, Channel 4 documentary, 2006. Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began
- ^ Obituary: Ruslan Gelayev
- ^ COLONEL HUSEIN ISKHANOV
- ^ Russian forces' use of civilians as hostages and human shields during the Chechnya war
- ^ http://www.ecmi.de/emap/download/ChechnyaBackground.pdf
- ^ Armed Conflict in Chechnya: Principal Stages and Important Events
- ^ The Rebel Who Rides to Russia's Rescue
- ^ Chronology of events involving Chechen guerrillas
- ^ Russia, Georgia clash over warlord
- ^ 780 Days in Chechen Captivity
- ^ He chose martyr's fate
- ^ Briton killed in Chechen rebel skirmish
- ^ Russians 'beat off Chechen rebels'
- ^ 46 killed in attacks on Russia government
- ^ Europe: Russia: Chechen Rebel Killed
- ^ FSB Confirms Gelaev's Death
- ^ Body of Gelayev is still in Rostov
- ^ Russia: A Terrorist In Life Is A Terrorist In Death
External links
- Interview with Commander Khamzat Gelayev, Kavkaz Center, 27 October 2003
- Obituary: Ruslan Gelayev, The Independent, March 4, 2004
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