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"Countryside" redirects here. For the American city, see Countryside, Illinois. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Countryside is a city in Cook County, Illinois, United States.
Sign in a rural area in Dalarna, Sweden
Sign in a rural area in Dalarna, Sweden
Qichun, a rural town in Hubei province, China
Qichun, a rural town in Hubei province, China

Rural areas (also referred to as "the country," and/or "the countryside") are settled places outside towns and cities. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Qichun County ( Chinese: 蕲春县 is a county of Huanggang Hubei, China. ( Postal map spelling: Hupeh) is a central province of the People's Republic of China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Such areas are distinct from more intensively settled urban and suburban poop, and also from unsettled lands such as the outback, American Old West or wilderness. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Outback or the Outback refers to remote arid areas of Australia, although the term colloquially can refer to any lands outside of the main Urban areas Wilderness is generally defined as a Natural environment on Earth that has not been significantly modified by Human activity Inhabitants live in villages, hamlets, on farms and in other isolated houses. A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet, but smaller than a Town or City. A hamlet is (usually&mdashsee below a Rural community — that is a small settlement — which is too small to be considered a Village. A farm is an area of land including various structures devoted primarily to the practice of producing and managing food ( Produce, Grains, or Livestock House generally refers to a Shelter or Building that is a Dwelling or place for Habitation by Human beings.

In modern usage, rural areas can have an agricultural character, though many rural areas are characterized by an economy based on logging, mining, petroleum and natural gas exploration, wind or solar power or tourism. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Logging is the process in which Trees are cut down for Forest management and Timber. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body The petroleum industry includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by Oil tankers and pipelines Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, Wind Power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form such as electricity using Wind turbines At the end of 2007 worldwide capacity of wind-powered generators was Solar energy is the Light and radiant heat from the Sun that powers Earth 's Climate and Weather and sustains Life Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel

The report Rural Texas in Transition states that factors used to determine the "rural" or "urban" status of an area include population, population density, "occupational opportunities," "relative presence of agriculture," sizes of nearby cities and towns, and "quality of life. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture " [1]

Contents

Services

Lifestyles in rural areas are different from those in urban areas depending on the area, mainly because limited services, especially public services, are available. A service is the non-material equivalent of a good. A service provision is an economic activity that does not result in Ownership, and this is what differentiates Public services is a term usually used to mean services provided by Government to its Citizens, either directly (through the Public sector) or

Governmental services like police, schools, fire stations, and libraries are generally available, but may be limited in scope, or unavailable in remote communities. Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils" A fire station (also called stationhouse) is a structure or other area set aside for storage of firefighting apparatus (i A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution

Utilities like water, sewerage, street lighting, and public waste management are generally present in the larger settlements. A water supply network is a system of engineered Hydrologic and Hydraulic components including the watershed or geographic area that collects A street light, lamppost, street lamp, light standard or lamp standard, is a raised source of Light on the edge of a Road Waste management is the collection Transport, processing, Recycling or disposal of Waste materials

Public transport is usually limited or absent and many people use their own vehicles. Vehicles, derived from the Latin word vehiculum, are non-living Means of transport. If this is impractical, they may walk or ride an animal such as a horse, donkey, or camel depending on where they live. Walking (also called ambulation) is the main form of Animal Locomotion on land, distinguished from Running and crawling The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. The donkey or ass, Equus asinus, is a member of the Equidae or horse family and an odd-toed ungulate. Camels are Even-toed ungulates within the Genus Camelus. The Dromedary, one-humped or Arabian camel has a single hump and the

Establishing and maintaining telecommunications and internet access in rural areas is often more difficult than establishing and maintaining telecommunications and internet access in urban areas due to the greater distance that requires coverage.

History and Trends in the United States

The relationship between urban and rural populations has dramatically fluctuated over the course of time. According to William Howarth, author of “The Value of Rural Life in American Culture,” rural communities were dominant in the beginning of the twentieth century, with the majority of the population living on independent homesteads. William Howarth is an American writer and professor of environmental literature and history at Princeton University. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on However, the rise of mechanized farming caused the population to shift, and in 1920 the census reported that urban populations exceeded 50 percent. Today 75 percent of the United States' inhabitants live in cities and suburbs, but they only occupy 2 percent of its land mass. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Rural areas occupy the remaining 98 percent. [2]

About 90 percent of the rural population now earn salaried incomes, often in urban areas. The 10 percent who still produce resources are generate 20 percent of the world’s coal, copper, and oil; 10 percent of its wheat, 20 percent of its meat, and 50 percent of its corn. Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 An oil is a substance that is in a viscous Liquid state ( "oily") at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer and is The efficiency these farms is due in large part to the commercialization of the farming industry, and not single family operations. [3]

Definition in the United States

In the Rural Information Center’s publication, What is Rural? “many people have definitions for the term rural, but seldom are these rural definitions in agreement. For some, rural is a subjective state of mind. For others, rural is an objective quantitative measure. Metropolitan/urban areas can be defined using several criteria. Once this is done, nonmetropolitan/rural is then defined by exclusion -- any area that is not metropolitan/urban is nonmetropolitan/rural. Determining the criteria used has a great impact on the resulting classification of areas as metro/ nonmetropolitan or urban/rural. ”

The US Census Bureau, the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Economic Research Service, and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) have come together to help define rural areas. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census The Economic Research Service ( ERS) is the main source of economic information and research from the U The Office of Management and Budget (OMB is a Cabinet -level office and is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP The Bureau of the Census defines an urbanized area by population density. An urbanized area consists of a central city and surrounding areas whose population is greater than 50,000. In addition, other towns outside of an urbanized area whose population exceeds 2,500 are included in the urban population, leaving all other areas rural. On the contrary, the United States Department of Agriculture classifies specific counties as metropolitan or nonmetropolitan based on codes or rules rather than population calculations. According to the USDA, a metropolitan county is one that contains an urbanized area, or one that has a twenty-five percent commuter rate to an urbanized area regardless of population. Finally, the OMB claims that a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) must contain either a city with at least 50,000 inhabitants, or an urbanized area (defined by the Bureau of the Census) with at least 50,000 inhabitants and a total MSA population of at least 100,000. [4]

Rural schools

“The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) revised its definition of rural schools in 2006 after working with the Census Bureau to create a new locale classification system to capitalize on improved geocoding technology and the 2000 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) definitions of metro areas that rely less on population size and county boundaries than proximity of an address to an urbanized area. The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES as part of the United States Department of Education 's Institute of Education Sciences (IES collects analyzes The Office of Management and Budget (OMB is a Cabinet -level office and is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP The new classification system has four major locale categories— city, suburban, town, and rural —each of which is subdivided into three subcategories. Cities and suburbs are subdivided into the categories small, midsize, or large; towns and rural areas are subdivided by their proximity to an urbanized area into the categories fringe, distant, or remote. These twelve categories are based on several key concepts that Census uses to define an area's urbanicity: principal city, urbanized area, and urban cluster. Rural areas are designated by Census as those areas that do not lie inside an urbanized area or urban cluster. NCES has classified all schools into one of these twelve categories based on schools' actual addresses and their corresponding coordinates of latitude and longitude. Not only does this mean that the location of any school can be identified precisely, but also that distance measures can be used to identify town and rural subtypes. ”

Rural health

Rural health definitions can be different for establishing underserved areas or health care accessibility in rural areas of the United States. According to the handbook, Definitions of Rural: A Handbook for Health Policy Makers and Researchers, “Residents of metropolitan counties are generally thought to have easy access to the relatively concentrated health services of the county’s central areas. However, some metropolitan counties are so large that they contain small towns and rural, sparsely populated areas that are isolated from these central clusters and their corresponding health services by physical barriers. ” To address this type of rural area, “Harold Goldsmith, Dena Puskin, and Dianne Stiles (1992) described a methodology to identify small towns and rural areas within large metropolitan counties (LMCs) that were isolated from central areas by distance or other physical features. ” This became the Goldsmith Modification definition of rural. “The Goldsmith Modification has been useful for expanding the eligibility for federal programs that assist rural populations—to include the isolated rural populations of large metropolitan counties. ”

Definition in the United Kingdom

In the UK, "rural" is defined [4] by the government Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, using population data from the census. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population These definitions have various grades, but the upper point is any local government area with less than 26% of its population living in a market town ("market town" being defined as any settlement which has permission to hold a street market). A Street market is an outdoor Market such as traditionally held in a Market square in a Market town, and are often held only on particular days of the week

Rural schools

A pupil is defined as rural if they live more than 5km (3 miles) from their nearest state school. This status typically grants them free bus transport to and from the school, but may vary depending on their circumstances (for example, boat or 4x4 instead of bus). Most schools with rural pupils offer funding for after-school activity transport, although this is usually taken from charitable donations rather than government funding.

With the increased urbanisation of the British population, many rural schools no longer have sufficient numbers to make them viable. The solutions are to either close the school, or incorporate the school with another small school nearby. For example, in Gloucestershire it is common for one primary school to have the infant 4-6 year-olds in one village and the junior 7-11 year-olds in a neighbouring village some distance away (typically the bus that collects the juniors from one village, will collect the infants on the return journey). See also Primary education A primary school (from French école primaire) is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory An Infant school is a type of School which caters for young children usually between the ages of 4 and 7 years A junior school is a type of School which caters for children often between the ages of 4 and 11

Rural health

An NHS patient is defined as rural if they live more than 5km (3 miles) from either a doctor or a dispensing chemist. A dispensing chemist, in British English and (to some extent Australian English, or Pharmacist in North American English is a professional allowed This is important for defining whether the patient is expected to collect their own medicines. Whilst doctors' surgeries in towns will not have a dispensing chemist, instead expecting patients to use a high-street chemist to purchase their prescription medicines, in rural village surgeries, an NHS dispensary will be built into the same building (and indeed most rural patients will have never seen a paper prescription, since the prescriptions are usually sent via computer network direct to a label printer in the dispensary).

See also

References

  1. ^ "What is Rural?," Rural Texas in Transition. A hamlet is (usually&mdashsee below a Rural community — that is a small settlement — which is too small to be considered a Village. A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet, but smaller than a Town or City. A town is a type of settlement ranging from a few to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of thousands inhabitants although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status A megalopolis (or megapolis) is defined as an extensive Metropolitan area or a long chain of roughly continuous metropolitan areas The classification system of the types of inhabited localities in Russia, the former Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Window on State Government.
  2. ^ "[1],"Howarth, William. “The Value of Rural Life in American Culture. ” Rural Development Perspectives. Vol. 12 No. 1
  3. ^ "[2],"Howarth, William. “The Value of Rural Life in American Culture. ” Rural Development Perspectives. Vol. 12 No. 1
  4. ^ "[3],"What is Rural? USDA, National Agricultural Library, Rural Information Center.
  1. Definitions of Rural: A Handbook for Health Policy Makers and Researchers.PDF (6. 12 MiB) Thomas C. A mebibyte (a contraction of me ga bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, abbreviated MiB. Ricketts, Karen D. Johnson-Webb, Patricia Taylor. Chapel Hill: North Carolina Rural Health Research Program, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, 1998. 13 p.

External links

Dictionary

rural

-adjective

  1. pertaining to less-populated, non-urban areas
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