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For the Vaishnava philosopher see: Rupa Goswami
For the legal term see: Revised Uniform Partnership Act
For the beetle genus established by Jedkicka in 1935, see Rupa (beetle). Rupa Goswami ( 1489 - 1564 CE is a devotional teacher poet and philosopher from the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism. The Uniform Partnership Act ( UPA) which includes revisions that are sometimes called the Revised Uniform Partnership Act ( RUPA) is a Uniform act Beetles are the group of Insects with the largest number of known Species. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic "Rupa (wasp)", established by Jonathan in 1971 for a wasp genus, is a homonym but not yet corrected. A wasp is any Insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is neither a Bee nor Ant. In linguistics a homonym is one of a group of words that share the same pronunciation but have different meanings and are usually spelled differently

In Hinduism and Buddhism, rūpa (Sanskrit; Pāli; Devanagari: रुपा; Thai: รูป) generally refers to material objects, particularly in regards to their appearance. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Pali ( ISO 15919 / ALA-LC: Pāḷi is a Middle Indo-Aryan language or Prakrit of India.

Contents

Hinduism

According to the Monier-Williams Dictionary (2006), rūpa is defined as:

  • . . . any outward appearance or phenomenon or colour (often pl. ) , form , shape , figure RV. The Rigveda ( Sanskrit sa ऋग्वेद ṛgveda, a compound of ṛc "praise verse" and veda "knowledge" &c &c . . .
  • to assume a form ; often ifc. = " having the form or appearance or colour of " , " formed or composed of " , " consisting of " , " like to " . . . . [1]

Buddhism

 Figure 1:
The Five Aggregates (pañca khandha)
according to the Pali Canon. In Buddhist phenomenology and Soteriology, the five skandhas ( Sanskrit) or khandhas ( Pāli) are five "aggregates"
 
 
form (rūpa)
  4 elements
(mahābhūta)		  
 
    ↓
    contact
(phassa)
    ↓ ↑
 
consciousness
(viññāna)
 
 
 
 
 
→
←
 
 
 
←
  mental factors (cetasika)  
 
feeling
(vedanā)
 
 
 
perception
(sañña)
 
 
 
formation
(saṅkhāra)
 
 
 
 
  • Form is derived from the Four Great Elements. Definitions In the Pali canon, the most basic elements are usually identified as four in number but on occasion a fifth and to an even lesser extent a sixth element Sparśa ( Sanskrit) or Phassa ( Pāli) is a Buddhist term meaning "contact" or "touching" or "sense impression" Vijñāna ( Sanskrit; Devanagari: विज्ञान or viññāṇa ( Pāli; Devanagari: विञ्ञाण Vedanā is a word in Sanskrit and Pāli traditionally translated as either "feeling" or "sensation Saṅkhāra ( Pali; Devanagari: सङ्खार or saṃskāra ( Sanskrit; Devanagari संस्कार is a term figuring prominently Definitions In the Pali canon, the most basic elements are usually identified as four in number but on occasion a fifth and to an even lesser extent a sixth element
  • Consciousness arises from other aggregates. Vijñāna ( Sanskrit; Devanagari: विज्ञान or viññāṇa ( Pāli; Devanagari: विञ्ञाण Nāmarūpa is a Dvandva compound in Sanskrit and Pali meaning "name ( nāma) and form ( rūpa)"
  • Mental Factors arise from the Contact of
    Consciousness and other aggregates. Sparśa ( Sanskrit) or Phassa ( Pāli) is a Buddhist term meaning "contact" or "touching" or "sense impression" Vijñāna ( Sanskrit; Devanagari: विज्ञान or viññāṇa ( Pāli; Devanagari: विञ्ञाण Nāmarūpa is a Dvandva compound in Sanskrit and Pali meaning "name ( nāma) and form ( rūpa)"
 Source: MN 109 (Thanissaro, 2001)  |  diagram details
Figure 2: The Pali Canon's Six Sextets:
 
  sense bases  
 
→		   f
e
e
l
i
n
g		    
 
→		   c
r
a
v
i
n
g		    
  "internal"
sense
organs		 <–> "external"
sense
objects		  
 
↓ ↓
↓ contact
↓ ↑
   
consciousness
 		  
 
  1. The six internal sense bases are the eye, ear,
    nose, tongue, body & mind. Āyatana ( Pāli; Sanskrit) is the Buddhist term for a "sense base" or "sense sphere Vedanā is a word in Sanskrit and Pāli traditionally translated as either "feeling" or "sensation Meaning In the Pali Canon, several discourses explicitly refer to three types of craving * craving for "sensuality" or "sensual pleasures" Sparśa ( Sanskrit) or Phassa ( Pāli) is a Buddhist term meaning "contact" or "touching" or "sense impression" Vijñāna ( Sanskrit; Devanagari: विज्ञान or viññāṇa ( Pāli; Devanagari: विञ्ञाण Āyatana ( Pāli; Sanskrit) is the Buddhist term for a "sense base" or "sense sphere
  2. The six external sense bases are visible forms,
    sound, odor, flavors, touch & mental objects. Dhamma ( Pāli: धम्म or Dharma (धर्म in Buddhism has two primary meanings the teachings of the Buddha which lead to enlightenment
  3. Sense-specific consciousness arises dependent
    on an internal & an external sense base. Vijñāna ( Sanskrit; Devanagari: विज्ञान or viññāṇa ( Pāli; Devanagari: विञ्ञाण
  4. Contact is the meeting of an internal sense
    base, external sense base & consciousness. Sparśa ( Sanskrit) or Phassa ( Pāli) is a Buddhist term meaning "contact" or "touching" or "sense impression"
  5. Feeling is dependent on contact. Vedanā is a word in Sanskrit and Pāli traditionally translated as either "feeling" or "sensation
  6. Craving is dependent on feeling. Meaning In the Pali Canon, several discourses explicitly refer to three types of craving * craving for "sensuality" or "sensual pleasures"
 Source: MN 148 (Thanissaro, 1998)  |  diagram details

In general, rūpa is the Buddhist concept of material form, including both the body and external matter. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices The term "concept" is traced back to 1554–60 ( l conceptum - something conceived but what is today termed "the classical theory of concepts" is the theory of Aristotle

More specifically, in the Pali Canon, rūpa is contextualized in three significant frameworks:[2]

In addition, more generally, rūpa is used to describe a statue, in which it is sometimes called Buddharupa. Buddharūpa (बुद्धरूप literally 'Form of the Awakened One' is the Sanskrit and Pali term used in Buddhism for statues or models of the

Rūpa-khandha

As matter, rūpa is traditionally analysed in two ways: as four primary elements (Pali, mahābhūta); and, as ten or twenty-four secondary or derived elements. Definitions In the Pali canon, the most basic elements are usually identified as four in number but on occasion a fifth and to an even lesser extent a sixth element

Four primary elements

Existing rūpa consists in the four primary or underived (no-upādā) elements:

Derived matter

In the Abhidhamma Pitaka and later Pali literature,[3] rūpa is further analyzed in terms of ten or twenty-three or twenty-four types of secondary or derived (upādā) matter. EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 Fire is the heat and light energy released during a Chemical reaction, in particular a combustion reaction. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Temperature and layers The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies among five The Abhidhamma Pitaka (abhidhammapiṭaka is the last of the three Pitakas that is baskets constituting the Pali Canon, the Scriptures of Theravāda Pali literature is concerned mainly with Theravada Buddhism, of which Pali is the traditional language In the list of ten types of secondary matter, the following are identified:

If twenty-four secondary types are enumerated, then the following fifteen are added to the first nine of the above ten:

A list of 23 derived types can be found, for instance, in the Abhidhamma Pitaka's Dhammasangani (e. The Dhammasangani (-saṅgaṇi or -ī is a Buddhist scripture part of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism where it is included in the Abhidhamma Pitaka g. , Dhs. 596), which omits the list of 24 derived types' "heart-basis. "[8]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Monier-Williams Dictionary, pp. In Hinduism and Buddhism, arūpa (a Sanskrit word refers to formless (perhaps non-physical or also non-material objects or subjects Buddharūpa (बुद्धरूप literally 'Form of the Awakened One' is the Sanskrit and Pali term used in Buddhism for statues or models of the Nāmarūpa is a Dvandva compound in Sanskrit and Pali meaning "name ( nāma) and form ( rūpa)" In Buddhist phenomenology and Soteriology, the five skandhas ( Sanskrit) or khandhas ( Pāli) are five "aggregates" Vedanā is a word in Sanskrit and Pāli traditionally translated as either "feeling" or "sensation Sanna can refer to Sanna (Girl's name Sanna (river in Poland Sanna (Inn, a river in Austria a tributary Sankhatas means mental creations in the Pali language As explained by the Dependent origination concept (see Twelve Nidanas) sankhatas condition the Vijñāna ( Sanskrit; Devanagari: विज्ञान or viññāṇa ( Pāli; Devanagari: विञ्ञाण With regard to living things, a body is the integral physical material of an individual In Psychology, sensation is the first stage in the biochemical and neurologic events that begins with the impinging of a stimulus upon the receptor cells of a In Psychology and the Cognitive sciences perception is the process of attaining awareness or understanding of sensory Information. Consciousness has been defined loosely as a constellation of attributes of Mind such as Subjectivity, Self-awareness, Sentience, and the According to the Buddhist tradition all phenomena other than Nirvana, ( sankhara) are marked by three characteristics sometimes referred to as the Dharma seals Origins According to the commentarial tradition In the commentaries of Theravada Buddhism it was held that the Abhidhamma was not a later addition to the tradition 885-6, entry for "Rūpa," retrieved 2008-03-06 from "Cologne University" at http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/monier/ (using "rUpa" as keyword) and http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/serveimg.pl?file=/scans/MWScan/MWScanjpg/mw0886-rUpakartR.jpg.
  2. ^ E. g. , see Hamilton (2001), p. 3 and passim.
  3. ^ Hamilton (2001), p. 6.
  4. ^ Here, "body" (kāya) refers to that which senses "touch" (phoṭṭhabba). In the Upanishads, "skin" is used instead of "body" (Rhys Davids, 1900, p. The Upanishads ( Devanagari: उपनिषद् IAST: upaniṣad also spelled "Upanisad" are Hindu scriptures that constitute the core teachings 172 n. 3).
  5. ^ The first ten secondary elements are the same as the first five (physical) sense bases and their sense objects (e. Āyatana ( Pāli; Sanskrit) is the Buddhist term for a "sense base" or "sense sphere g. , see Hamilton, 2001, pp. 6-7).
  6. ^ According to Vsm. Summary It is composed of four parts which discuss 1 Sila (discipline 2 Samadhi (meditative concentration 3 The land of wisdom XIV, 60 (Buddhaghosa, 1999, p. 447), the heart-basis provides material support for the mind (mano) and mind consciousness. In the Sutta Pitaka, a material basis for the mind sphere (āyatana) is never identified. The Sutta Pitaka (suttapiṭaka or Suttanta Pitaka cf Sanskrit सूत्र पिटक Sutra Pitaka) is the second of the three divisions of the Tipitaka or Āyatana ( Pāli; Sanskrit) is the Buddhist term for a "sense base" or "sense sphere
  7. ^ The list of 24 can be found, for instance, in the Visuddhimagga (Vsm. Summary It is composed of four parts which discuss 1 Sila (discipline 2 Samadhi (meditative concentration 3 The land of wisdom XIV, 36 ff. ) (Buddhaghosa, 1999, pp. 443 ff. ; and, Hamilton, 2001, p. 7).
  8. ^ Compare Dhs. The Dhammasangani (-saṅgaṇi or -ī is a Buddhist scripture part of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism where it is included in the Abhidhamma Pitaka 596 (Rhys Davids, 2000, p. 172) and Vsm. Summary It is composed of four parts which discuss 1 Sila (discipline 2 Samadhi (meditative concentration 3 The land of wisdom XIV, 36 (Buddhaghosa, 1999, p. 443).

Sources

External links

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