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The Rump Parliament was the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride on December 6, 1648 had purged Long Parliament of those members hostile to the intentions of the Grandees in the New Model Army to try King Charles I for high treason. The Parliament of England was the Legislature of the Kingdom of England. Pride’s Purge took place in December 1648 when troops under the command of Colonel Thomas Pride forcibly removed from the House of Commons all those who were not Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev The Long Parliament is the name of the English Parliament called by Charles I, on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Grandee is a word either to render in English the Iberic high aristocratic title 'Grande' used by the Spanish Portuguese and Brazilian peerage or by analogy to refer to other The New Model Army was formed in 1645 by the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. See also Treason, High treason in the United Kingdom High treason is criminal disloyalty to one's country

"Rump" normally means the hind end of an animal; its use meaning "remnant" was first recorded in the above context. Since 1649, the term "rump parliament" has been used to refer to any parliament left over from the actual legitimate parliament.

Contents

Execution of Charles I and the abolition of the Monarchy

When it became apparent to the leaders of the New Model Army that the Parliament - then controlled by the Presbyterian faction - was ready to come to an agreement with the King that would both restore him to his throne (though without effective power) and negate the power of the Army, they resolved to shatter the power of both King and Parliament. The New Model Army was formed in 1645 by the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War. Pride's Purge brought the Parliament to heel, under the direct control of the Army; the remaining Commons then on 13 December 1648 broke off negotiations with the King. Pride’s Purge took place in December 1648 when troops under the command of Colonel Thomas Pride forcibly removed from the House of Commons all those who were not Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Two days later, the Council of Officers of the New Model Army voted that the King be moved from the Isle of Wight, where he was prisoner, to Windsor "in order to the bringing of him speedily to justice". The New Model Army was formed in 1645 by the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War. The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the Windsor (ˈwɪnzə/ /ˈwɪndzə is a suburban town and tourist destination in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England. In the middle of December the King was moved from Windsor to London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.

On 4 January 1649, an ordinance was passed by the Commons to set up a High Court of Justice in order to try Charles I for high treason in the name of the people of England. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. See also Treason, High treason in the United Kingdom High treason is criminal disloyalty to one's country The Lords rejected it and as it did not receive Royal Assent, Charles would ask at the start of his trial on 20 January in Westminster Hall "I would know by what power I am called hither. The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which a constitutional monarch completes the legislative process of Lawmaking by formally assenting to an Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. I would know by what authority, I mean lawful authority", to which there was no strong legal answer to be given under the constitutional arrangements of the time. In Politics, authority ( Latin Auctoritas, used in Roman law as opposed to Potestas and Imperium

He was convicted with fifty-nine Commissioners (Judges) signing the death warrant. Regicides of Charles I are considered to be the fifty-nine Commissioners (Judges who sat in judgement at the trial of King Charles I of England and signed his death

The execution of Charles I was delayed to January 30, so that the House of Commons could pass an emergency bill to make it an offence to proclaim a new King, and to declare the representatives of the people, the House of Commons, as the source of all just power. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain On 6 February the House of Lords was abolished; followed by the abolition of the monarchy on 7 February, and the establishment of a Council of State on 14 February. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince The English Council of State, later also know as the Protector's Privy Council, was first appointed by the Rump Parliament on 14 February 1649 Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Finally, on 19 May an Act Declaring England a Commonwealth was passed. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and

Commonwealth of England

During the time of the Commonwealth of England (1649 - 1653), the Rump passed a number of acts in the areas of religion, law, and finance. The Commonwealth of England was the Republican government which ruled first England (including Wales) and then Ireland and Scotland Most of the members of the Rump wanted to promote "godliness", but also to restrict the more extreme puritan sects like the Quakers and the Ranters. The Ranters were a radical English Sect in the time of the Commonwealth (mid-1600s who were regarded as heretical by the established Church of that period An Adultery Act of May 1650 imposed the death penalty for incest and adultery and 3 months imprisonment for fornication;[1] the Blasphemy Act of August 1650 was aimed at curbing extreme religious "enthusiasm". To stop extreme evangelicals from preaching, they formed a "Committee for the Propagation of the Gospel" which issued licenses to preach. To allow Puritans freedom of worship, they repealed the Elizabethan requirement of compulsory attendance at an Anglican Church. As lawyers were overrepresented in the Rump Parliament, the Rump did not respond to the popular requests made by the Levellers to change the expensive legal system. See Levellers (disambiguation for alternative meanings. The Levellers were members of a mid 17th century English Political movement

The Rump raised revenue through the sale of Crown lands and Church property both of which were popular. However revenue raised through excise levies and through an Assessment Tax on land were unpopular as they affected everyone who owned property. The proceeds from confiscated Royalist estates were a valuable source of income, but it was a two edged sword. It ingratiated Parliament to people like John Downes who were making a fortune from the business but it did nothing to heal the wounds of the Civil War. John Downes (1609-c 1666 was a commissioner who signed the death warrant of Charles I of England.

Oliver Cromwell

In 1653, after learning that Parliament was attempting to stay in session despite an agreement to dissolve, and having failed to come up with a working constitution, Cromwell’s patience ran out. Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known On April 20 he attended a sitting of Parliament and listened to one or two speeches. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Then he stood up and harangued the members of the Rump. This speech does not survive but has often been paraphrased, for instance in the Book of Days:

You have sat too long for any good you have been doing lately . . . Depart, I say; and let us have done with you. In the name of God, go!

He then declared "you are no Parliament" and called in a troop of soldiers, under the command of Major-General Thomas Harrison, ordering them to clear the chamber. Thomas Harrison (1606&ndash October 13, 1660) was a Puritan soldier and later a leader of the Fifth Monarchists. According to Dickens[2] and Belloc[3], he then turned the Speaker's Mace, the symbol of Parliamentary power, declared it a "fool's bauble", and ordered the troops "here, carry it away". Joseph Hilaire Pierre René Belloc (27 July 1870 &ndash 16 July 1953 was a French -born Writer who became a Naturalised British subject The ceremonial mace is a highly ornamented staff of metal and wood carried before a sovereign or other high official in civic ceremonies by a Mace-bearer, intended

A more detailed record of the event is recounted by Thomas Salmon in his Chronological Historian (London, 1723, 106), thus:

"[Cromwell] commanded the Speaker to leave the Chair, and told them they had sat long enough, unless they had done more good, crying out You are no longer a Parliament, I say you are no Parliament. He told Sir Henry Vane he was a Jugler [sic]; Henry Martin and Sir Peter Wentworth, that they were Whoremasters; Thomas Chaloner, he was a Drunkard; and Allen the Goldsmith that he cheated the Publick: Then he bid one of his Soldiers take away that Fool's Bauble the mace and Thomas Harrison pulled the Speaker of the Chair; and in short Cromwell haveing turned them all out of the House, lock'd up the Doors and returned to Whitehall. Henry Vane may refer to Sir Henry Vane the Elder ( 1589 &ndash 1655) English courtier father of Henry Vane the Younger Sir Peter Wentworth ( 1530 - November 10, 1596) was the elder brother of Paul Wentworth, and like his brother was a prominent Puritan leader Thomas Chaloner may refer to Sir Thomas Chaloner (statesman (1521-1565 English statesman and poet Sir Thomas Chaloner (naturalist Thomas Harrison (1606&ndash October 13, 1660) was a Puritan soldier and later a leader of the Fifth Monarchists. "

Salmon does not cite his own sources but the version is sufficiently detailed to suggest that he had access to descriptions of the event that were certainly current in his time, and were probably derived from eye-witness descriptions. It is therefore probably at least accurate in general tone, if not precise detail.

Within a month of the Rump's dismissal, Oliver Cromwell on the advice of Harrison and with the support of other officers in the Army, sent a request to Congregational churches in every county to nominate those they considered fit to take part in the new government. On 4 July a Nominated Assembly, nicknamed the "Assembly of Saints" or Barebone's Parliament (named after one of its members), took on the role of more traditional English Parliaments. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Barebone's Parliament, also known as the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653 and was the last attempt of the English Barebone's Parliament, also known as the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653 and was the last attempt of the English

End of the Rump Parliament

Richard Cromwell, the third (and eldest surviving) son of Oliver Cromwell, was appointed Lord Protector after his father's death. Richard Cromwell ( 4 October 1626 &ndash 12 July 1712) was the third son of Oliver Cromwell, and the second Lord Protector Lord Protector is a particular British title for Heads of State with two meanings (and full styles at different periods of history He called the Third Protectorate Parliament in 1659. The Third Protectorate Parliament sat for one session from 27 January 1659 until 22 April 1659, with Chaloner Chute and Thomas However, along with the Army, it was unable to form a stable government and after seven months the Army removed him and on 6 May 1659, it reinstalled the Rump Parliament. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. The Rump Parliament issued a declaration establishing a "Commonwealth without a king, single person, or house of lords". However after a few months divisions in the Commonwealth were settled by force of arms. On the 12 October the Rump voted to declare the seven commissioners' responsibility for the Army void and appointed Charles Fleetwood commander-in-chief under the Speaker of the House. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Charles Fleetwood (died 4 October 1692) English Parliamentary soldier and politician third son of Sir Miles Fleetwood of The next day on 13 October 1659 the Army in London under the command of John Lambert assisted by Charles Fleetwood excluded the Rump from Parliament by locking the doors to the Palace of Westminster and stationing armed guards outside. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees John Lambert could refer to John Lambert (British Army officer British Army general John William Lambert, American automotive pioneer Charles Fleetwood (died 4 October 1692) English Parliamentary soldier and politician third son of Sir Miles Fleetwood of Lambert and Fleetwood created a 23 member Committee of Safety to govern the country in place of the Rump with General Fleetwood and Lambert directly under him, commander of the Army in England and Scotland. The Committee of Safety, established by the Parliamentarians in July 1642, was the first of a number of successive committees set up to oversee the English Civil

Sir Arthur Haselrig appealed to other Army generals to support the Rump against Fleetwood and Lambert. Sir Arthur Haselrig 2nd Baronet (died 7 January 1661 English parliamentarian, is best remembered as one of the five members of parliament whom King Charles Fearing anarchy, General George Monck, commander-in-chief of the English army in Scotland, declared that he was ready to uphold Parliament's authority and march at the head of his army to London. George Monck 1st Duke of Albemarle, KG ( 6 December 1608 &ndash 3 January 1670) was an English soldier and politician Lambert marched north against Monck in November 1659, but Lambert's army began to melt away, and he was kept in suspense by Monck till his whole army deserted and he returned to London almost alone. On 24 December 1659 the chastened Fleetwood approached the Speaker, William Lenthal, asking him to recall the Rump. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes The same day Lenthall took possession of the Tower and appointed commissioners for its government. The Rump met again on 26 December 1659. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Parliament declared Monck commander-in-chief in England as well as Scotland.

In January 1660, Monck marched into England, as Lambert's supporters in the Army were cashiered and his authority crumbled. When Sir Thomas Fairfax emerged from retirement to declare his support for Monck, Army support for Monck became almost unanimous. Thomas Fairfax 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron (17 January 1612 &ndash 12 November 1671 was a general and parliamentary commander-in-chief during the English Civil War. Monck entered London in February 1660 and he allowed the Presbyterian members, 'secluded' in Pride's Purge of 1648, to re-enter parliament on 21 February 1660. Pride’s Purge took place in December 1648 when troops under the command of Colonel Thomas Pride forcibly removed from the House of Commons all those who were not Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland The Long Parliament dissolved itself on 16 March 1660 after preparing legislation for the Convention Parliament which formally invited King Charles II to be the English monarch in what has become known as the Restoration. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king The term Convention Parliament has been applied to three different English Parliaments of 1399 1660 and 1689 Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The English Restoration, or simply The Restoration began in 1660 when the English monarchy, Scottish monarchy and Irish monarchy were restored

See also

Links and references

References

  1. ^ JP Kenyon "The Interregnum, 1649-1660" in JP Kenyon The Stuart Constitution (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1969) page 330
  2. ^ A Child's History Of England
  3. ^ The History Of England
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